Objective To explore the characteristics of common parameters for acupuncture treatment of cancer pain by sorting out the domestic and foreign literature.Method This article collected and sorted out literature on acupuncture treatment of cancer pain in Chinese databases: Chongqing VIP, CNKI and Wanfang Data and English database PubMed. Main Chinese search keywords were针刺,电针,耳穴,针灸,癌痛,癌症and疼痛. English search keywords were acupuncture, electroacupuncture, auricular, cancer pain, neoplasms and pain. The search range was limited to literature collected in large databases since2010. The article type was limited to clinical case studies. Result s: Forty-four pieces of literature were retrieved after repeated literature was excluded. Conclusion s: Combined acupuncture and medicine and composite therapy are mainly selected for acupuncture treatment. Regularities in point selection for acupuncture are often acupuncture at pain points and acupoint selection according to primary diseases. Needle retention time is often between 20 and 30 min. Electroacupuncture stimulation waveforms aremainly sparse-dense waves, the stimulation intensity is as high as the patient can adapt and the treatment frequency is often once daily.

The envelope protein(Env) of lentiviruses such as HIV,SIV,FIV and EIAV is larger than that of other retroviruses.The Chinese EIAV attenuated vaccine is based on Env and has helped to successfully control this virus,demonstrating that envelope is crucial for vaccine.We compared Env variation of the four kinds of lentiviruses.Phylogenetic analysis showed that the evolutionary relationship of Env between HIV and SIV was the closest and they appeared to descend from a common ancestor,and the relationship of HIV and EIAV was the furthest.EIAV had the shortest Env length and the least number of potential N-linked glycosylation sites(PNGS) as well as glycosylation density compared to various immunodeficiency viruses.However,HIV had the longest Env length and the most PNGS.Moreover,the alignment of HIV and SIV showed that PNGS were primarily distributed within extracellular membrane protein gp120 rather than transmembrane gp41.It implies that the size difference among these viruses is associated with a lentivirus specific function and also the diversity of env.There are low levels of modification of glycosylation sites of Env and selection of optimal protective epitopes might be useful for development of an effective vaccine against HIV/AIDS.

ObjectiveTo investigate the biological effects and its mechanisms of ascorbic acid on pancreatic cancer PANC1 cells. Methods PANC1 cells were treated by ascorbic acid of different concentrations (0 ～40 mmol/L) for 24,48,72 hours.The proliferation of PANC1 cells was analyzed by MTT method; cell cycle and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry (FCM); inverted microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe cell morphology. The membrane potential of mitochondria were mearured by with JC-1 staining and FCM.Meanwhile,the changes of cell morphology and mitochondrial membrane potential induced by ascorbic acid after pretreatment with hydrogen peroxidescavenging enzyme (catalase) and red blood cells were also detected. Results Ascorbic acid in pharmacologic concentrations selectively inhibited the proliferation of PANC1 cells in a dose and time dependent manner.PANC1 cells were arrested in G2/M phase after treatment with 5 mmol/L ascorbic acid [ (32.55 ± 7.14)％ vs (22.00 ±1.27)％,t =5.808,P＜0.05],but there was no changes on apoptosis rate [ (1.98 ± 1.80)％ vs (1.09 ±0.16)％ ].Inverted microscope and transmission electron microscopy showed that oncosislike cell death of PANC1 cells was induced after treatment with ≥5 mmol/L ascorbic acid.Mitochondrial membrane potential of PANC1 cells was significantly lower than that of the control group in a dose dependent manner.The descent of mitochondrial membrane potential was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with catalase and red blood cells,and the degree of cell oncosis was attenuated.ConclusionsAscorbic acid significantly inhibited the proliferation of pancreatic cancer PANC1 cells in vitro.Ascorbic acid induced PANC1 cell oncosis,but not apoptosis.The possible mechanisms of inducing oncosis may be related to the descent of mitochondrial membrane potential.

Objective To construct a conceptual framework of a lifestyle questionnaire and define its dimensions,sub-dimensions and core data elements.Methods After review of lifestyle questionnaires of large-scale studies,domestic and international health information standards,health risk factors defined by the World Health Organization and paper-based health records,a conceptual framework was developed by using top-down and bottom-up strategies.Core data elements were chosen according to their importance,utility and experts' advice.Results Our conceptual framework included 9 dimensions (cigarette smoking,alcohol consumption,diet,water drinking,employment,physical exercises,daily living habits,sleep and toxic exposure) and 29 sub-dimensions.For instance,cigarette smoking included status,intensity,duration of smoking and kinds of tobacco.Furthermore,24 core data elements were extracted,and coded values were defined for parts of these data elements.Conclusions Our conceptual framework may serve as a reference for the development of lifestyle questionnaire,and the standardized data elements we extracted could be used in information exchang between institutions.However,standardization of the data elements should be further refined.

Objective To study the diagnostic value of pencilliosis marneffei (PM)in a non-HIV-infected child with the com-bined detection of aspergillosis galactomannan,fungus Glucan(1-3)-β-D and boold culuture.Methods The venous blood specimen from the child was collected for the quantified detection of aspergillosis galactomannan,fungus Glucan(1-3)-β-D. The growth and colonial morphology of fungus was inspected with the positive blood culture and the characteristics of fun-gus smear were observed under microscope.Results The result of aspergillosis galactomannan was 14.45 μg/L and fungus Glucan (1-3)-β-D 77.14 pg/ml.Penicillium marnrffei was identified using blood culture.It was mycelia form under 25℃ and the salouraud medium produced water soluble claret-red pigment produced.It was mycelia form under 35℃ and the colony was gyri creases,the characteristic broom-like hypha and separation hypha could be found under microscope.Conclusion It is effective for the early diagnosis and therapy of PM with the combination detection of aspergillosis galactomannan,fungus Glucan (1-3)-β-D and boold culuture and have better clinical diagnosis value.

Objective To investigate the turnover intention and reasons of nurses in a class Ⅲ grade A hospital in Wenzhou so as to explore the countermeasures to reduce the turnover rate.Methods A survey was carried out on the turnover intentions of 132 practicing nurses in the hospital. The data of the 210 turnover nurses from 2013 to 2015 were collected. The differences between the high-turnover intention nurses and the actual turnover nurses were analyzed to explore the reasons and directions after turnover.Results A total of 132 nurses were enrolled in this study. Among them, 23 (17.42%) of the nurses had high intention to turnover. There were no significant differences in age, place of birth, education, title, marriage, working years, authorized or not and distribution of departments between the high and low turnover intention groups. A total of 210 nurses left from 2013 to 2015 in the hospital, with a turnover rate of 5.24%. Nurses with foreign account, low academic qualifications and the low title had higher turnover risks. More than half of the turnover nurses were still in the nursing profession,while the remaining 18.6% turnover nurses chose to work cross-border, and 22.9% turnover nurses chose to be full-time housewife. The main reasons for leaving were personal factors and work environment factors.Conclusions The nurses who have high intention to quit might not leave. Turnover is related to the account location, educational levels and professional titles. Therefore, the above factors should be taken into account in assessing the possibility of nurse leaving the hospital.

OBJECTIVETo observe the improvement of acupuncture and moxibustion on symptoms of-deficiency syndrome as well as their differences on the parameters of heart rate variability (HRV).

METHODSThirty patients with-deficiency syndrome and 15 healthy volunteers were recruited. Thirty patients with-deficiency syndrome were randomly assigned into an acupuncture group and a moxibustion group, 15 cases in each one. Fifteen healthy volunteers were allocated as a healthy control group. Patients in the acupuncture group and healthy control group were treated with acupuncture while patients in the moxibustion group were treated with moxibustion. Guanyuan (CV 4) and Zusanli (ST 36) were chosen for treatment, once every other day, for totally 10 times. All the patients were evaluated with-deficiency assessment scale (QDAS) and HRV parameters before treatment, after 4th treatment and after all treatment. The correlation was analyzed between QDAS and HRV parameters, and HRV parameters were compared among the three groups before treatment, after 4th treatment and after all treatment.

RESULTSCompared before treatment, the scores of QDAS were decreased in the acupuncture group and the moxibustion group after 4th treatment and after all treatment (all<0.05); after all treatment the score of QDAS in the moxibustion group was lower than that in the acupuncture group (<0.05). The HRV parameters of-deficiency syndrome were significantly lower than those of healthy volunteers with higher correlation with QDAS. Compared before treatment, the mean heart rate was decreased after treatment (<0.05), while total HRV and low frequency were increased in the moxibustion group (both<0.05). The mean heart rate in the healthy control group was increased after treatment (<0.05). The differences of HRV parameters before and after treatment were not significant in the acupuncture group (all>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSTotal HRV can reflect the severity of-deficiency syndrome. Both acupuncture and moxibustion can improve symptoms of-deficiency patients, which is superior in moxibustion. The possible mechanism is likely to be related with improved sustainable activation of autonomic nervous system.