Objective To investigate the influencing factors and reference value of sympathetic skin response (SSR) in healthy adults. Methods SSR was studied in 40 normal subjects,with the waveform and onset latency analyzed. Five of them were treated with different intensities of electrical stimulus to observe the subsequent onset latency. Results ① SSR was present in all the hands and it was also true in all the feet except for one case. The waveforms were biphasic or triphasic in the hands and biphasic or triphasic or monophasic in the feet. ② No significant difference was seen between the left and right sides in amplitude and onset latency. ③ Age,height,weight and gender had no significant influences on onset latency of SSR. ④ The normal value on onset latency in the hands was within 1 664 ms and 2 234 ms in the feet,respectively. ⑤ The electrical stimulus intensity had no obvious effect on onset latency. Conclusion Onset latency is an important parameter in evaluating abnormality while amplitude is only a reference index.

Objective To explore the risk factors of primary nephritic syndrome complicated with thrombosis in children. Methods Clinical data of 238 children with primary nephritic syndrome were retrospectively analyzed. The children were divided into thrombosis group and non-thrombosis group according to whether complicated with thromboembolism. Univariate and logistic regression analysis were performed.Results Among 238 children, there were 32 cases of primary nephritic syndrome complicated with thrombosis and the rate was 13.44%. Univariate analysis showed that infections, the use of diuretic, degree of edema, white blood cell count, IgG, C3, total protein, albumin, urea nitrogen, plasma ifbrinogen, D-dimer, antithrombinⅢ, and 24-hour proteinuria were signiifcantly different between two groups (allP< 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that D-dimer and 24-hour proteinuria were the independent risk factors for children with primary nephrotic syndrome complicated with thrombosis.Conclusion The elvated level of D-dimer and 24-hour proteinuria were the risk factors of children with primary nephrotic syndrome complicated with thrombosis.

Forensic dentistry is an interdiscipline of forensic m edicine and stom atology, w hich provides legal inform ation by collecting, testing and assessing the dental evidence scientifically. In this review , the present application of forensic dentistry has been described, such as the estim ation of age, sex, species, occupation and living habit, as w ell as the identification of individual, dom estic violence or abuse, w hich aim s to enrich and im prove forensic dentistry for m aking it be m ore useful in forensic m edicine even in juridical practice.

Objective:To study the effect of sertraline plus cognitive behavior therapy in treatment of panic disorder Method:14 outpatients with panic disorder according to crteria of CCMD-2-R were collected as our sample All of them were given sertraline 50 mg/d for 6 months in addition to cognitive behavior therapy The clinical effect was assessed at the end of 1 month,3 months and 6 months Results:At the end of 1 month,3 patients were assessed as markedly improved,9 as improved At the time of 3 months,10 patients were assessed as markedly improved,2 as improved At the end of 6 months,12 markedly improved,2 improved There were 3 patients had mild side effects,which faded with time Conclusion:Sertraline plus cognitive behavior therapy has good effect in treatment of panic disorder with good compliance and little side effect

OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy and safety of cyclophosphamide,leflunomide sequentially combined with prednisone in the treatment of membranous nephropathy in stage Ⅱ. METHODS:72 patients with membranous nephropathy in stageⅡwere randomly divided into group A(24 cases),B(24 cases)and C(24 cases). All patients were given angiotensin convert-ing enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) Benazepril hydrochloride tablet,warfarin,dipyridamole,calcium and other conventional treatment. Based on it,group A was orally given 50 mg Compound cyclophosphamide tablet,twice a day,for continuous 3 months+1.0 mg/(kg·d)Prednisone tablet,it was reduced 5 mg every 2 weeks after 2 months,then it reduced 2.5 mg every 2 weeks when 30 mg/day,and then it maintained 4-6 months when 10 mg/day,it lasted for 12 months. Group B was given 50 mg Leflunomide tablet,it changed as 20 mg/day after 2 d,and for continuous 6 months+Prednisone tablet(the same dosage and usage as group A). Group C was given Compound cyclophosphamide tablet(the same dosage and usage as group A)was orally given in 1-3 months,and Leflu-nomide tablet(the same dosage and usage as group B)in 4-9 months Prednisone tablet(the same dosage and usage as group A). Clinical efficacy,24 h urinary protein,albumin,total cholesterol,serum creatinine,alanine aminotransferase before and after 3, 6,9 and 12 months and incidence of adverse reactions in all groups were observed. RESULTS:Before treatment,there were no significant differences in the 24 h urinary protein,albumin,total cholesterol,serum creatinine and alanine aminotransferase among all groups(P>0.05). After treatment,24 h urinary protein,total cholesterol,serum creatinine and alanine aminotransferase in all groups were significantly lower than before,and they gradually decreased by treatment time,24 h urinary protein in group C was lower than group A and B,albumin was significantly higher than before and gradually increased by treatment time,and group C was higher than group A and B,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05 or P<0.01);but there was no significant dif-ference between group A and B(P>0.05). The total effective rate in group C was significantly higher than group A and B,the dif-ference was statistically significant (P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between group A and B (P>0.05). And there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions among 3 groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Based on the conventional treatment,the efficacy of cyclophosphamide,leflunomide sequentially combined with glucocorticoid is superior to cyclophosphamide or leflunomide alone in the treatment of membranous nephropathy in stageⅡ,with similar safety.

Objective To determine an optimal method of in vivo endothelialization when homograft valve (HV) leaflets are treated with different methods. Methods Twenty five fresh HV leaflets were divided into five groups randomly. The leaflets of GroupⅠ were fresh HV ones without any treatment; GroupⅡwere cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen for 1 month; Group Ⅲ was treated by DOA; GroupⅣ was treated by 25 g?L -1 glutaraldehyde; Group Ⅴ was first treated by hypotonic/hypertonic, then with an enzyme-based solution. Each HV leaflet was trimmed to 2 mm one which was cultured with lymphocyte from the recipient. In order to compare the antigenicity of HV leaflets, 3H-TdR incorporation was observed after tissue-cell coculture and stimulous index (SI) was calculated. The HV leaflets of different groups were implanted into the sheep's femorofemoropopliteal for three months; then the following procedures were done. Immunohistochemistry of Ⅷ factor correlative antigen was used to identify the cells property; observation of growth condition of EC and superficial morphosis of HV leaflets was made with scanning election microscope (SEM). Results Multiple comparison showed that SI of Groups Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, and Ⅴ differed significantly from Group Ⅰ(P0.05), but Group Ⅲ, Ⅳ, and Ⅴ all had significant differences from GroupⅡ (P

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of ER, PR and C-erbB-2 in breast cancer. Methods 82 cases of primary breast cancer were examined for ER, PR and C-erbB-2 by immunohistochemical S-P methods. Results The expressions of ER, PR and C-erbB-2 were 54.9 %, 40.2 %, 47.6 % respectively. There was a negative correlation between ER and C-erbB-2(P

Objective To evaluate the value in following up the patients with clipped aneurysms with the subtraction CT angiography technique.Methods 30 consecutive patients with clipped aneurysms were followed up with 64-slice spiral CT angiography (CTA) and DS angiography 10 d later postoperatively.CT images were reconstructed with volume rendering (VR) and maximum intensity projection(MIP) techniques to display the vessels.The site of the clip and patency of the parent vessel on both CT and DSA were studies independently by two radiologists.Results The clips in 27 patients were showed clearly by the subtraction CTA.Subtraction CTA demonstrated a partial remnant of aneurysm in 2,28 cases were complete occlusion.The loading vessels were free in passing in 28 cases,occlusion and narrowing of a parent vessel were seen in one respectively.The sensitivity and specificity in detecting neck remnants on MSCT angiography were 67% and 100%,and the sensitivity and specificity in evaluating vessel patency were 100% and 100%,Inter-observer agreements were 0.78 and 1.00,respectively.Conclusion Subtraction CT angiography can be used as the mainly method in following up the patients with clipped aneurysms.

Objective To report a new designed technique of CT-guided percutaneous puncture for atlantoaxial lateral mass arthrodesis with bone graft and discuss its clinical usefulness and effect. Methods From March 1999 to March 2001, on the base of anatomical investigation of 56 adult cadaversatlas and axis bone specimens, 9 cases with instability of atlantoaxial were treated after reduction by traction, 4 of 9 cases underwent Halo-Vest immobilization, and the other 5 cases underwent transarticular screw fixation through C2 vertebral body for atlantoaxial instability. Of all nine cases, the articular cartilage and capsule of post lateral part of atlantoaxial joints were removed by using home made surgical instruments under CT guidance. Iliac cancellous bones obtained by puncture were implanted into the joint space. Results All cases were followed up from 2 to 17 months (average 12.7 months) and 8 cases more than 6 months. Generally, at the third to fourth month after operation, CT scan showed bony union of the grafted bone and the excessive extension and flexion X-ray films showed stable movement of the atlantoaxial joints, and then the Halo-Vest stock were removed. Conclusion This technique has obvious advantages of less trauma and hemorrhage, high union rate, easy, safe and efficiencies.