Objective To investigate the effects of tacrolimus on the expression of SCF mRNA in keratinocytes and c-kit mRNA in melanoma cells.Methods Tacrolimus was used to treat cultured HaCaT keratinocytes and B16 melanoma cells for 48 hours.Subsequently,real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was performed to determine the mRNA expression of SCF in HaCaT cells and of c-kit in B16 cells.Results A significant change was observed in the expression of SCF mRNA in HaCaT cells and c-kit mRNA in B16 cells treated with tacrolimus compared with untreated HaCaT cells and B16 cells,respectively (both P<0.05).Conclusion Tacrolimus can upregulate SCF mRNA expression in HaCaT cells and c-kit mRNA expression in R16 cells.

Primary myelofibrosis is a kind of chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms.The discovery of the JAK2V617F mutation as well as other molecular abnormlities underly the pathogenesis of Philadelphia negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN).The initial description of JAK2V617F mutation in 2005,the reporting of calreticulin (CALR) mutations last year and the clinical application of JAK inhibitors,showed the gradually deepening understanding with regard to the pathogenesis and the development of therapeutic strategies for primary myelofibrosis (PMF).This article reviewed the progress in diagnosis,risk stratification of of PMF,the benefits and potential side effect of JAK inhibitors,which reported on the 2014 European Hematology Association annual congress.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a kind of genetic heterogeneous clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder.Although there were improvements in the outcomes of selected younger patients and those with specific cytogenetic and molecular genetic characteristics,the overall survival for older patients remains dismal.In the last few years,next-generation sequencing technologies have identified recurrent mutations in genes encoding proteins involved in the epigenetic regulation of transcription in most patients with AML.This discovery has led to new insights into the role of the epigenome in AML and opens the possibility of epigenetically targeted therapies.This article will review the most important recurrent mutations in epigenetic regulatory genes and highlight the current and future treatment strategies that attempt to exploit epigenetic targets with the use of hypomethylating agents,which were reported on the 56th American Society of Hematology annual congress in 2014.

Objective To discuss the matching method of irregular device for radiological equipment. Method Related experiences were summed up. Result A set of interventional protective device matching DSA was developed through tripartite corporation. Conclusion The matching method is beneficial to equipment management.

Sina 21 century it have seen major leaps in the understanding of the molecular genetic mutations that act as drivers of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Clinical trials of targeted drugs against specific mutant proteins, such as FLT3-internal tandem duplications (ITD) and isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations (IDH) are ongoing. This review discusses agents in clinical trials that target specific gene mutations and/or epigenetic targets from the 57th American Society of Hematology annual meeting.

Great advances have been made in understanding the pathogenesis,diagnosis,risk stratification and treatment of classic bcr-abl-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN).This article reviews current situation in the treatment of these MPNs presented in the 56th American Society of Hematology (ASH) annual meeting.

Objective To investigate the role of PDR1 gene in azole-resistant Candida glabrata (C.glabrata).Methods Thirty-eight clinical isolates of C.glabrata were collected from five different hospitals.The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of azole antifungals including fluconazole,itraconazole and voriconazole against C.glabrata were determined by broth microdilution.Sequencing and amplification of PDR1 gene was achieved by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR).The mutation was cloned into an expression plasmid and then transferred into C.glabrata.The efflux of rhodamine 6G and drug sensitivity test were performed,and expressions of CDR1 and CDR2 were examined to verify function of mutation.Results Among these 38 isolates of C.glabrata,17 were resistant to at least one of azole antifungals.Moreover,mutations of PDR1 gene existed in every resistant isolates.Results of phenotyping test showed that in the isolate that expressed PDR1P927S,the expression of CDR1 and CDR2 were increased by 20.53 and 4.03 fold,respectively.And the fluorescence intensity of rhodamine 6G was decreased to 0.62 in efflux experiment.Conclusion P927S mutation of PDR1 gene could induce azole resistance of C.glabrata by increasing the expressions of CDR1 and CDR2,which results in drug resistance due to enhanced effect of efflux pump.

Objective To evaluate the effects of tacrolimus on the secretion of IL-6 and sIL-2R as well as the expression of IL-6 and sIL-2R mRNA by lymphocytes.Methods Jurkat human lymphoma cells were cultured and treated with tacrolimus of different concentrations.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was performed to determine the levels of IL-6 and sIL-2R in the supernatant of Jurkat cells at 48 hours after treatment with tacrolimus of 0,10,102,103 and 104 nmol/L,and real time reverse transcription PCR to measure the expression of IL-6 mRNA and sIL-2R mRNA of Jurkat cells at 48 hours after treatment with tacrolimus of 102 nmol/L.Results Tacrolimus of 102 - 104 nmol/L could suppress the secretion of IL-6 and sIL-2R from Jurkat cells (all P＜ 0.05),with a more marked suppressing effect achieved by the use of tacrolimus at 103 - 104 nmol/L.The expressions of IL-6 and sIL-2R mRNA from Jurkat cells were downregulated by tacrolimus of 102 nmol/L (both P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Tacrolimus at certain concentrations could downregulate the secretion of IL-6 and sIL-2R as well as the expression of IL-6 and sIL-2R mRNA by lymphocytes.

Objective To investigate the activation and clinical significance of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway related protein and eukaryotic translation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) in gastric cancer.Methods The activation of mTOR and 4E-BP1 in gastric cancer tissues of 38 surgical patients were detected by immunohistochemical method.The differences of phosphorylated mTOR and 4E-BP1 expression among cancerous tissues,para-cancerous tissues and normal gastric mucosa tissues and dinicopathological variables were analyzed by Chi square test and Kruskal-Wallis test.Results The positive expression rate of phosphorylated mTOR in the gastric cancerous tissues was significantly higher than that of para-cancerous tissues and normal tissues [71.1％ (27/38),50.0 ％ (19/38) and 44.7 ％ (17/38),x2 =11.031,P =0.026].The positive expression rate of downstream protein 4E-BP1 in the gastric cancer tissues was also significantly higher than that of paracancerous tissues and normal tissues [68.4％(26/38),57.9％(22/38) and 28.9％ (11/38),x2 =13.943,P=0.007].There was no correlation between phosphorylated mTOR and 4E-BP1 expression and tumor Lauren's sub-type,infiltration,differentiation degree,lymph node metastasis and patient's age.There was statistical significant difference between activated 4E-BP1 expression and tumor size in gastric cancer (H=3.86,P＜0.05).Conclsions mTOR pathway was over activated in gastric cancer.There was difference between phosphorylation degree of its downstream protein 4E-BP1 and the tumor size.

Objeetive To analyze traffic accidents involving pedestrians in Chongqing from 2000 to 2006 so as to understand injury characteristics of the pedestrians. MethodsThe data of pedestrian road traffic crashes and injuries in three districts including one district in downtown,one in suburb and one in county of Chongqing from 2000 to 2006 were collected from road traffic crash and road traffic injury database to analyze severity of crashes,casualties,action and location of pedestrians in crashes. Results The road crashes led to 7 934 pedestrian injuries (24.74％) and 867 pedestrian deaths (49.46％).Intensity of the pedestrian road crashes in rural areas was higher than that in downtowns and suburbs.Of all pedestrian casualties,57.91％ were due to illegally crossing the driveway,and 15.43％ of the casualties were on the crosswalk.Most of the casualties occurred on the main roads,the third class highways and second main roads in Chongqing.But serious crashes occurred on the first and second class highways and substandard highways,which led to average 3.17,4.13 and 5.42 deaths,respectively.Pedestrians accounting for 52.46％ of the total severe injuries were more than the proportion among the minor to moderate injuries.Head injuries were the most common for the pedestrians and chest injuries were also usual among the severe injuries. Conclusions The intensity of pedestrian road crashes is higher than that of other crashes,especially in rural areas.It should be noticed that the main injuries of the pedestrians are head injuries,which is mainly resulted from illegally crossing driveway.It is worth noticing that a rather high proportion of pedestrians are impaired on the crosswalks,indicating that we should pay more attention to protect right of the pedestrians on the crosswalks during transportation law enforcement and safety education in the future.