In this study, the effect of heparin-derived oligosaccharide (HDO) on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) induced vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) proliferation and the related signal transduction mechanisms were investigated. MTT assays were used to measure VSMCs proliferation. Cell cycle distribution was analyzed by flow cytometry. The level of key regulatory proteins in PKC, MAPK and Akt/PI3K pathways were determined by RT-PCR, Western blot and immunocytochemical methods. Meanwhile, mRNA expressions of some proto-oncogenes were assayed by RT-PCR method. Our data showed that HDO (0.01, 0.1 and 1 μmol · L(-1)) inhibited 30 ng · mL(-1) PDGF-induced VSMCs proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, blocked the G1/S transition and inhibited the level of key regulatory proteins and some proto-oncogenes (P < 0.05). The results showed that HDO may decrease the key regulatory proteins expression, hence suppress the transcription of proto-oncogene and G1/S transition, finally inhibiting VSMCs proliferation.

Objective To develop a special seismic trauma database that could record and analyze the data including injuries, trauma cares and outcomes. Methods (1) The items and content of the database were determined based on the method of evidence-based medicine. (2)The fields, tables, items and options of the seismic trauma database were designed. (3) The database software was developed based on dot net framework platform, with C# as programming language. (4)The database was used to record and manage data of injuries caused by 5.12 earthquake. Results The Seismic Trauma Database Version 1.0 was developed with 728 fields (including 380 inner fields) and normative content and structure. The database software could record 10 aspects of the seismic patients including basic information, injuries, transfer and evacuation, clinical medical care, outcome and discharge. The database software had combination, custom queries and meta-analysis functions. Conclusions This database software can conveniently and normally record and manage the information of the seismic patients, can systemize and analyze the data conveniently and is an excellent data platform for trauma care research and epidemiologic study of seismic injuries.

Objective To summarize our experience in the management of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) during aortic arch surgery.Methods From March 2007 to May 2010,58 consecutive patients,including 24 urgent and 34 selective operations underwent aortic arch surgery.Thirty-nine hemiarch and 19 total aortic arch replacement operations were performed.CPB was established by perfusion through femoral artery (42 cases) and right subclavian artery (RSA) ( 16 cases),of which 4 cases were carried out with antegrade cerebral perfusion (ACP).Results The mean CPB time was ( 208.88 ± 136.45 ) min.The mean cerebral circulation arrest was ( 27.36 ± 11.50 ) min.Nasopharyngeal and rectal temperature were ( 16.01 ±2.67)℃ and ( 19.72 ±2.13)℃ respectively before DHCA was initiated.The mean times for cooling and rewarming were ( 50.91 ± 16.89) min and ( 88.97 ± 43.68 ) min.The mean time of intubation was (56.70 ± 45.19 ) h.The time in ICU was ( 5.68 ± 5.31 ) d,and the time of hospitalization was (30.11 ± 22.27 ) d.Acute renal failure,hypoxemia,and paraplegia occurred post-operatively in 4,19,and 2 patients,respectively.Four patients died post-operatively with a mortality of 6.90％.Compared with those received hemiarch replacement operation,the patients received total aortic arch replacement had statistically longer time of CPB([262.16 ±219.97]min vs [182.92 ±53.81] min,t =2.14,P ＜0.05),cerebral circulatory arrest ( [30.47 ± 15.86 ] win vs [25.85 ± 8.48 ] min,t =2.40,P ＜ 0.05 ),rewarming ( [110.00 ± 68.66 ] min vs [78.72 ± 17.31 ] min,t =2.69,P ＜ 0.05 ),and intubation ( [93.95 ± 131.89 ] h vs [38.08 ± 30.70 ] h,t =2.50,P ＜ 0.05 ).There was no significant difference in the times of these procedures between emergency surgery group and elective surgery group,between RSA and femoral artery cannulation groups.Conclusion It is crucial that the cooling and re-warming procedures during aortic arch surgery should be carried out slowly,gradually,and completely when DHCA was adopted alone.conclusion through right axillary artery or RSA was preferred for ACP,in order to accomplish the body circulation arrest at a relative high temperature,to shorten the CPB time,and to alleviate potential harmful effects of hypothermia.Meticulous management of CPB is one of the most important measures to improve the patients' outcome.

Objeetive To analyze traffic accidents involving pedestrians in Chongqing from 2000 to 2006 so as to understand injury characteristics of the pedestrians. MethodsThe data of pedestrian road traffic crashes and injuries in three districts including one district in downtown,one in suburb and one in county of Chongqing from 2000 to 2006 were collected from road traffic crash and road traffic injury database to analyze severity of crashes,casualties,action and location of pedestrians in crashes. Results The road crashes led to 7 934 pedestrian injuries (24.74％) and 867 pedestrian deaths (49.46％).Intensity of the pedestrian road crashes in rural areas was higher than that in downtowns and suburbs.Of all pedestrian casualties,57.91％ were due to illegally crossing the driveway,and 15.43％ of the casualties were on the crosswalk.Most of the casualties occurred on the main roads,the third class highways and second main roads in Chongqing.But serious crashes occurred on the first and second class highways and substandard highways,which led to average 3.17,4.13 and 5.42 deaths,respectively.Pedestrians accounting for 52.46％ of the total severe injuries were more than the proportion among the minor to moderate injuries.Head injuries were the most common for the pedestrians and chest injuries were also usual among the severe injuries. Conclusions The intensity of pedestrian road crashes is higher than that of other crashes,especially in rural areas.It should be noticed that the main injuries of the pedestrians are head injuries,which is mainly resulted from illegally crossing driveway.It is worth noticing that a rather high proportion of pedestrians are impaired on the crosswalks,indicating that we should pay more attention to protect right of the pedestrians on the crosswalks during transportation law enforcement and safety education in the future.

Objective To explore the intervention effect of ketogenic diet (KD) on neurobehavioral damages after flurothyl-induced neonatal recurrent seizures in rats and on the expression of ZIP7.Methods Postnatal day 8 SD rats (n=24) were divided into four groups randomly:normal group (NS+ND group),non-seizure and ketogenic diet group (NS+KD group),seizure and normal diet group (RS+ND group),seizure and ketogenic diet group (RS+KD group),n=6 in eacb group.At postnatal day 31,the grip-strength test and open field test were monitored.At postnatal day 32,rats were sacrificed and the expression of ZIP7 protein level in cerebral cortex was detected with Western blot.Results (1) The grip-strength test:compared with NS+ND group ((32.67±2.42) s),the time needed to hold on glass bar in RS+ND group ((19.17±2.48) s) was shorter significantly (P＜0.05).Compared with RS+ND group,the time needed to hold on glass bar in RS+KD group ((26.25±2.87) s) was significantly longer (P＜0.05).(2) Open field test:compared with NS+ ND group ((2.00± 0.63) times),the times of grooming in RS+ND group ((4.00±0.63) times) were more (P＜0.05).Compared with RS+ND group,the times of grooming in the RS+KD group ((2.17±0.75) times) were fewer (P＜0.05).(3)Western blot:compared with NS +ND group,the level of ZIP7 of the RS+ND group in cerebral cortex were lower (P＜0.05).Compared with RS+ND group,the level of ZIP7 of the RS+KD group in cerebral cortex were higher (P＜0.05).Conclusion Neonatal recurrent seizures may damage neurobehavior,and the neuroprotective effects of ketogenic diet may be associated with the increasing of ZIP7 in cerebral cortex.

Objective To observe the effects of seawater immersion at different temperatures on survival time and mortality and physiological state of non-anesthetized rats.Methods Totally 100 SD male rats(The abdominal cavity was implanted with a temperature sensor in advance)were randomly divided into five groups which were immersed in 20 ℃,17 ℃,15 ℃,13 ℃ and 10 ℃ seawater,respectively.Each group contains 20 rats.The changes of respiration,heart rate and muscle fibrillation within 2 hours were observed and the survival time and mortality of each group were counted in 24 hours.The decrease trend of intraperitoneal temperature in rats was analyzed retrospectively within 2 hours.Results Soaking for 10 minutes,the respiratory and heart rate of each group were significantly increased,but there was no significant difference among groups(P>0.05).The respiratory and heart rate decreased rapidly between 10 and 40 minutes,and the decline was slower relatively between 40 and 80 minutes.Soaking for 80 minutes,the respiration rate of rats among groups had significant difference(P<0.05).Immersing for 100 minutes,the heart rates of rats in each group were significantly different(P<0.05).Soaking for 20 minutes,the muscle fibrillation of 15 ℃,13 ℃ and 10 ℃ group reached the peak,and there were significant differences among groups(P<0.05),then disappeared.However the rats in 20 ℃ and 17 ℃ group reached the peak at 30 minutes,but there was no significant difference between two groups(P>0.05),hereafter the muscle fibrillation was maintained at a certain level.The mean survival time of 20 ℃ group,17 ℃ group,15 ℃ group,13 ℃ group and 10 ℃ group in 24 hours were(23.6±1.23)hours,(15.0±4.16)hours,(7.7±3.21)hours,(2.4±0.91)hours and (1.1±0.39)hours,respectively,and the survival curve of each group was statistically significant(P<0.05).The intraperitoneal temperature of rats showed a decline in the cliff,the lower the water temperature,the faster the descending.Soaking for 40 minutes,the difference of intraperitoneal temperature of each group was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The effects of seawater immersion at different temperatures on the physiological state and survival time and mortality of rats are significantly different.With the decrease of water temperature,the physiological state changes more obviously,the survival time is shorter and the mortality rate is higher.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of spinal injury caused by earthquake as well as to improve its therapeutic ability by comparatively studying the medical records of the inpatients with spinal injuries caused by Wenchuan earthquake and the inpatients with spinal injuries in peace time.Methods Medical records of inpatients with spinal injuries were extracted from 5.12 earthquake injury database(earthquake group) and medical records of the patients with spinal injuries firstly admitted to Daping Hospital between 2001 and 2007 were extracted from Chinese trauma database systems (control group).The epidemiological characteristics of the two groups were comparatively studied,including gender,age,injury causes,injury severity,treatments and outcomes.Results (1) The incidence of spinal injuries in the earthquake group was 16.7％ (524/3145),which was significantly higher than that (6.4％,682/10644) in control group (P＜0.01).(2) The female ratio in the earthquake group was significantly higher than that in the control group (57.4％:31.8％) (P＜0.01).(3) The age range of the earthquake group was (47.9 ±20.9) years.The wounded number presented an undulately rising trend in the earthquake group as the growth of age,while it showed a parabolic distribution in the control group.(4)The main causes for spinal injuries were crush injury (69.3％) and multi-factor injury (2.8％) in the earthquake group,while slipping up/fall (56.0％) and traffic accidents (23.6％) were the main causes in the control group.(5) There were 82.3％ of the earthquake group that were combined with multiple injuries and 48.1％ combined with at least two injuries,while the control group accounted for only 28.9％ and 12.0％ respectively.The NISS (new injury severity score) in the earthquake group was significantly higher than that in the control group [(11.6±8.8) points vs (7.5±4.8)points](P＜0.01).Meanwhile,the proportion of NISS≥16 in earthquake group was significantly higher than that in the control group as well (P＜0.01).(6) The length of hospital stay of the wounded in the earthquake group was significantly longer than that in control group [(40.5±24.5)d VS (23.9±26.7)d](P＜0.01).The treatment inefficiency rate in the earthquake group was higher than that in the control group (9.2％ vs 4.8％) (P＜0.01).Conclusions The earthquake group has a higher proportion of spinal injuries,female and elder cases,and combined injuries,a much severer injury,a longer length of hospital stay,and a higher treatment inefficiency rate,as compared with the control group.In the earthquake relief,more importance should be attached to salvage,diagnosis,transfer regulation and missed diagnosis,misdiagnosis and secondary injury should be avoided so as to improve the treatment level of the spinal injuries in earthquake.

Objective To establish an autoregression moving average (ARMA) model for predicting general traffic accidents and analyzing distributional difference on time series and frequency of common traffic accident so as to provide certain basis for a prediction model with better stability and accuracy. Methods The data of road traffic accidents in one newly developed zone of Chongqing in 2000-2005 were collected. The monthly distribution regularity of road traffic accidents was analyzed with descriptive epidemiologic method. ARMA model was set up for retrospective and prospective prediction. The predicted data were compared. Results Based on the characteristics of monthly distribution, the frequency of general traffic accidents in this area showed a cyclic fashion. The frequency of general traffic accidents predicted by ARMA model had over 80% of coincidence with the actual value. Conclusion The ARMA model can be used to predict the frequency of general traffic accidents, with better accuracy of short-term prediction than the long-term prediction.

Purpose: To determine the non-contrast computer tomography imaging features of pyonephrosis and evaluate the predictive value of Hounsfield units (HUs) in different hydronephrotic region slices. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data from patients with hydronephrosis who had renal-ureteral calculi. All patients were categorized into pyonephrosis and simple hydronephrosis groups. Baseline characteristics, the mean HU values in the maximal hydronephrotic region (uHU) slice, and the range of uHU in different slices (△uHU) were compared between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors for pyonephrosis. Results: Among the 181 patients enrolled in the current study, 71 patients (39.2%) were diagnosed with pyonephrosis. The mean dilated pelvis surface areas were comparable between patients with pyonephrosis and simple hydronephrosis (822.61 ㎟ vs.877.23 ㎟ , p=0.722). Collecting system debris (p=0.022), a higher uHU (p=0.038), and a higher △uHU (p<0.001) were identified as independent risk factors for pyonephrosis based on multivariate analysis. The △uHU sensitivity and specificity were 88.7% and 86.4%, respectively, at a cutoff value of 6.56 (p<0.001), whereas the sensitivity and specificity for detecting pyonephrosis at a uHU cutoff value of 7.96 was 50.7% and 70.9%, respectively (p=0.003). Conclusions Non-contrast computer tomography was shown to accurately distinguish simple hydronephrosis from pyonephrosis in patients with obstructive uropathy. Evaluation of the △uHU in different slices may be more reliable than the uHU acquired from a single slice in predicting pyonephrosis.

Anxiety disorders are characterized by high prevalence and recurrence rate.Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors(SSRIs)and cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT)are recommended as first-line treatments for anxiety disorders,while some patients do not response to either of these treatments.Therefore,exploring the neurobiological mechanisms associated with treatment response and valuable prognostic marker is of great value in guiding clinical decision making.Previous studies have reported an altered electroencephalogram(EEG)pattern in patients with anxiety disorders after treatment,and revealed a correlation between baseline EEG and treatment response,suggesting that EEG is of great value in predicting the treatment response in anxiety disorders.The purpose of this article is to delineate findings from a systematic review of the literature investigating the EEG signal in prognostic prediction and exploration of neurobiological mechanisms,so as to provide electrophysiological evidence for individualized treatment of anxiety disorders.Results of this review show that patients responding more strongly to negative emotional stimuli before treatment are more likely to benefit from SSRIs and CBT.After the CBT,no statistical difference is found in the amplitude of error-related negativity(ERN)and P1 component between pre-and post-procedure measurements,suggesting that CBT may not reduce anxiety symptoms by improving attention bias and behavioral monitoring.EEG indicators related to emotion perception under negative emotional stimuli at baseline,such as late positive potential(LPP),may be promising markers for predicting response to treatment in anxiety disorders.