Objective To study the effects of formaldehyde inhalation on spatial learning abilities and hippocampal neurotransmitters levels of mice, and to explore the neurotoxic mechanism. Methods Three groups of male Kunming mice were exposed to different concentrations (0, 1.34 and 4.02 mg/m3) of gaseity formaldehyde, 4 h/day, for 7 consecutive days,and their behavior when they learned to perform a water labyrinth task and hippocampal neurotransmitters levels were tested. Results There was no significant difference was seen in swimming duration among groups. While on days 5 and 7, mice in group of 4.02 mg/m3 formaldehyde exposure made notable more swimming errors (P

Objective To understand the pollution of particulate matters and the distribution of heavy metals in particulate matters. Methods Samples were collected with auto-sampling instrument for 32 consecutive days in heating period of Dec. 2003-Jan,2004, in a central area of Tianjin. The heavy metals were detected with atomic absorption spectrum, atomic fluorescence spectrum and plasma emission spectrum, 9 heavy metals were measured quantitatively. Results The rates of over standards for daily mean of TSP, IP, PM2.5 in heating period were 54.55%, 57.58%, 84.85% respectively. Content of some heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, Ni in the particulate matters were higher. Conclusion Air pollution with particulates in heating period is serious. PM2.5 carries more heavy metals than TSP and IP, so it is much more harmful to human health.

Objective To explore the DNA damage in the bone-marrow cells of the mice exposed to the low level of gaseous benzene. Methods 615 mice were divided into 4 groups randomly, 6 in each: the control group, benzene exposed group, group immited by L615K lymphocyte cell, group immited by L615K lymphocyte cell and benzene exposed in combination. Benzene was exposed at the level of 1 mg/m3, 6 h per day for 10 days. SCGE was used to detect the DNA damage in the bone-marrow cells of the mice. Results Compared with the control, the DNA damage were significantly severe in the other 3 groups. But the DNA damage of the group immited by L615K lymphocyte cell and benzene exposed in combination was significantly lower than that of the group immited by L615K lymphocyte cell. The spleen and liver indexes were higher in the two groups immited by L615K lymphocyte cell and immited by L615K lymphocyte cell plus benzene exposed compared with the control group. Conclusion Benzene exposure at the low level can induce the DNA damage in the bone-marrow cells of the mice, but for those lymphatic leukemia mice, benzene exposure at the low level may inhibit this kind of damage, to elucidate the mechanism, further studies needs to be done.

Objective:To translate the best evidence of cerebrospinal fluid external drainage management into clinical practice, so as to standardize the behavior of nurses, improve the qualified rate of cerebrospinal fluid external drainage management, and improve the quality of nursing.Methods:Follow the JBI′s Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System and Getting Research into Practice audit, the research team selected the best evidences about five dimensions, and formulated 13 evaluation criteria. A 40-case baseline audit in a Neurosurgical ward to identify problems in implementation of this evidences were performed. After that they provided training courses and strategies to get these evidences into practice, and conducted a 40-case post-implementation audit in the same ward.Results:The compliance rates of all the 13 criteria were increased except No.11 ( χ2 values were 8.889-34.290, P<0.01). The qualified rate of total amount control of cerebrospinal fluid drainage increased from 57.5% (23/40) to 100.0% (40/40), the qualified rate of drainage speed control increased from 40.0% (16/40) to 100.0% (40/40), and the qualified rate of health education increased from 42.5% (17/40) to 90.0% (36/40), with statistical significance ( χ2 values were 21.590, 34.290, 20.180, P < 0.01). Conclusions:Put the best available evidence regarding cerebrospinal fluid external drainage into practice canpromotes evidence-based nursing practice, standardized nurses′ behaviors, realized continuous improvement of nursing quality, and can reduce the risk of complications and ensure patient′s safety.

OBJECTIVE:To provide references for the quality assessment of traditional Chinese liquid medicine-Fructus Polygoni Orientalis.METHODS:The description and the physicochemical identification of Fructus Polygoni Orientalis were carried out;the contents of the extractives were determined and the chemical composition of which was studied.The quality of commercial Fructus Polygoni Orientalis medicinal substances from15nationwide areas was investigated.RESULTS:The results showed that the content of the preparation was higher than that of the raw material in the water soluble extractive assaying;the content of the alcohol-soluble extractive was the opposite.Meletin was found to be contained in the Fructus Polygoni Orien?talis acetic ether extraction liquid by the TLC identification.There was only half maturing rate for most of the commercial Fructus Polygoni Orientalis.CONCLUSION:This method can be used as a reference for the quality assessment of Fructus Polygoni Orientalis.

Objective To investigate the correlation of bone mineral density (BMD) with plasma Klotho levels and its related factors in type 2 diabetic patients (T2DM) . Methods BMD was measured by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in 159 T2DM patients. The patients were divided into three groups:normal bone mass, reduced bone mass and osteoporosis. The fasting plasma levels of Klotho were detected in these patients using enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA), clinical and biochemical parameters also were tested, the difference and related factors were compared and analyzed in each group. Results Plasma Klotho levels were not significantly different among the three groups (4.95±0.48 vs 4.96±0.47 vs 4.91±0.49,P>0.05) . BMD at the first, second, third, fourth and total lumbar spine, femoral neck, trochanter and total body were not associated with plasma Klotho levels in these patients (P>0.05) . Age, diabetic duration, HDL-C and BMI were independent determinants for BMD in T2DM patients. Conclusions BMD might be not associated with plasma Klotho level in T2DM patients. But age,diabetic duration,HDL-C and BMI are associated with reduced BMD and osteoporosis in T2DM patients.

Objective To investigate the difference of two models of respiratory failure in preterm infants with nasal continuous positive airway pressure(nCPAP)and nasal biphasic positive airway pressure (nBiPAP).Methods Comparative analysis of 81cases of premature infants with respiratory failure requi-ring respiratory support was needed.They were applied nCPAP and nBiPAP ventilation mode treatment.The use of breathing machine and total oxygen inhalation time,the number of treatment failures,the PEEP param-eters of the ventilator,the total number of recent complications and secondary infections were compared.Re-sults In the nBiPAP treatment group,the average time of noninvasive ventilation was(96.34±31.5)h,the total time of oxygen inhalation was(10.11 ±9.39)d,3cases of treatment failure,the incidence of severe complications was 5.56%(2/36),PEEP (4.08±0.73)cmH2O (1cmH2O =0.098kPa ).In the nCPAP group,the average time of noninvasive ventilation was(114.14±41.69)h,the total time of oxygen inhalation was(17.53±15.96)d,15cases were failed,the incidence of severe complications was 15.56%(7/45), PEEP(5.11±1.01)cmH2O.There were significant differences between the two groups(P﹤0.05).But there were no significant differences in infection control and patent ductus arteriosus (P ﹥0.05).Conclusion nBiPAP as one of the first choice treatment for premature infants with respiratory failure significantly better than nCPAP,as soon as the proper use can avoid invasive ventilation.

Objeetive To analyze traffic accidents involving pedestrians in Chongqing from 2000 to 2006 so as to understand injury characteristics of the pedestrians. MethodsThe data of pedestrian road traffic crashes and injuries in three districts including one district in downtown,one in suburb and one in county of Chongqing from 2000 to 2006 were collected from road traffic crash and road traffic injury database to analyze severity of crashes,casualties,action and location of pedestrians in crashes. Results The road crashes led to 7 934 pedestrian injuries (24.74％) and 867 pedestrian deaths (49.46％).Intensity of the pedestrian road crashes in rural areas was higher than that in downtowns and suburbs.Of all pedestrian casualties,57.91％ were due to illegally crossing the driveway,and 15.43％ of the casualties were on the crosswalk.Most of the casualties occurred on the main roads,the third class highways and second main roads in Chongqing.But serious crashes occurred on the first and second class highways and substandard highways,which led to average 3.17,4.13 and 5.42 deaths,respectively.Pedestrians accounting for 52.46％ of the total severe injuries were more than the proportion among the minor to moderate injuries.Head injuries were the most common for the pedestrians and chest injuries were also usual among the severe injuries. Conclusions The intensity of pedestrian road crashes is higher than that of other crashes,especially in rural areas.It should be noticed that the main injuries of the pedestrians are head injuries,which is mainly resulted from illegally crossing driveway.It is worth noticing that a rather high proportion of pedestrians are impaired on the crosswalks,indicating that we should pay more attention to protect right of the pedestrians on the crosswalks during transportation law enforcement and safety education in the future.

Objective To explore the intervention effect of ketogenic diet (KD) on neurobehavioral damages after flurothyl-induced neonatal recurrent seizures in rats and on the expression of ZIP7.Methods Postnatal day 8 SD rats (n=24) were divided into four groups randomly:normal group (NS+ND group),non-seizure and ketogenic diet group (NS+KD group),seizure and normal diet group (RS+ND group),seizure and ketogenic diet group (RS+KD group),n=6 in eacb group.At postnatal day 31,the grip-strength test and open field test were monitored.At postnatal day 32,rats were sacrificed and the expression of ZIP7 protein level in cerebral cortex was detected with Western blot.Results (1) The grip-strength test:compared with NS+ND group ((32.67±2.42) s),the time needed to hold on glass bar in RS+ND group ((19.17±2.48) s) was shorter significantly (P＜0.05).Compared with RS+ND group,the time needed to hold on glass bar in RS+KD group ((26.25±2.87) s) was significantly longer (P＜0.05).(2) Open field test:compared with NS+ ND group ((2.00± 0.63) times),the times of grooming in RS+ND group ((4.00±0.63) times) were more (P＜0.05).Compared with RS+ND group,the times of grooming in the RS+KD group ((2.17±0.75) times) were fewer (P＜0.05).(3)Western blot:compared with NS +ND group,the level of ZIP7 of the RS+ND group in cerebral cortex were lower (P＜0.05).Compared with RS+ND group,the level of ZIP7 of the RS+KD group in cerebral cortex were higher (P＜0.05).Conclusion Neonatal recurrent seizures may damage neurobehavior,and the neuroprotective effects of ketogenic diet may be associated with the increasing of ZIP7 in cerebral cortex.

Objective To investigate and analyze the military operation ability and influence factors of soldiers alongthe border in an extremely cold environment and to provide a scientific basis for effectively improving the combat effective -ness of the army stationed the cold regions.Methods According to relevant standards, recruits(the length of service <1month) and old soldiers(the length of service >1 year) were randomly selected to investigate their military operationfactors, physical condition, sleep condition, mental health and cognitive ability.Results Cold was the main factor whichaffected military operation capability in cold regions.According to physical standards,border troops were in poor physicalcondition.Results of SCL-90 showed that the total score, the number of positive items , the score of each factor of the 130recruits were significantly lower than those of the Chinese army model and 46 veterans (P <0.05).There was nosignificant difference in these aspects between the 46 veterans and Chinese army model.Recruits were in better sleepcondition and had better instantaneous memory(P <0.05).Birthplace had no effect on these factors .Recruits from Centraland South China were in poorer sleep condition than those from cold regions (P <0.05).Results of SCL-90 showed that thetotal score,the factors of somatization, coercion, depression and anxiety of communication veterans were significantly higherthan those of the Chinese army model (P <0.05).The sleep condition of communication veterans was poorer than that ofmotorized infantry and patrol veterans (P <0.05).Conclusion Cold is the main factorthat impacts the ability of militaryoperations in cold regions.The physical work capacity of border guards in cold regions was significantly below the militarystandard, so the level of military training should be strengthened .Research on cold-protection equipment for special tasks should be strengthened.