OBJECTIVE:To compare the economic value between patent application and know-how,the two measures for intellectual property rights protection of traditional Chinese medicine.METHOD:The legal features of intellectual property rights protection for Chinese traditional medicine were analyzed and its economic value was evaluated with economic model.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:The know-how has a greater economic value to enterprises under the current intellectual property rights protection system.

Objective: To study the effects of genistein on the proliferation and cell cycle progression of human gastric carcinoma cells. Methods: 3H TdR incorporation test was used to investigate the cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle arrest. Immunocytochemistry technique and Western blotting were used to observe the cyclin B and P21 waf1/cip1 protein expression. Results: Genistein inhibited the proliferation of tumor cells significantly, arrested cell cycle progression at G 2/M phase, and enhanced cyclin B and P21 waf1/cip1 protein expression in dose dependent manner. Conclusion:Proliferatory inhibition and G 2/M arrest of human gastric carcinoma cells after treated with genistein may be due to increased stability of cyclin B protein and the expression of P21 waf1/cip1 .

ObjectiveEndoscopic suhmucosal dissection (ESD) is a new diagnostic and therapeutical technique for early gastric cancer (EGC).The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ESD for EGG.MethodsThe data of patients who underwent ESD for EGCs from July 2007 to December 2007 were analyzed retrospectively.One-piece resection rate,histologically complete resection rate (the lateral and vertical margins were free of cancer),operation time,complications,post-ESD ulcer-healing rates and local recurrence were assessed.ResultsA total of 21 EGCs in 20 consecutive patients were treated with ESD.The median age was 56.4 years (range 37-75 years) and the male/female ratio was 1.9(13/7).Out of 21 lesions,20 (95.2%) were resected in one piece.The rate for one-piece resection with tumor-free margins was 90.5% (19/21).Acute minor bleeding during the ESD procedure occurred in 4.8% (1/21).Post-ESD epigastric pain rate was 76.2%(16/21).No acute major bleeding, delayed bleeding and perforation occurred.The median operation time was 50.4 min (range 45-200 min).The pest-ESD ulcer-healing rates was 100% after 8 weeks of oral esomeprazole.After a follow-up with median time of 9.2 months (range 8-12 months),none of the patients experienced residual/local recurrence of early gastric cancer.Conclusion ESD has the advantage of increasing one-piece resection rate and histologically curative resection rates.ESD is a safe and effective treatment for EGC.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)in treatment of patients with early gastric cancer(EGC).Methods A total of 4 3 consecutive patients with EGC were treated with ESD at Changhai Hospital from July 2007 to July 2008.The data referred to one-piece resection,histologically complete resection,operation time,complications,the post-ESD ulcer-healing and local recurrance were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsEn bloc resection was achieved in 97.7 0A(4 2/43)lesions in one-piece resection.The histologically complete resection rate was 95.3%(41/43).Only one patient had acute minor bleeding during the ESD procedure(2.3%,1/43)and one patient had delayed bleeding(2.3%,1/43).Post-ESD epigastric pain was found in 2 2 patients(51.2%).There was no complications such as acute major bleeding,perforation,requiring surgical treatment and death.The median operation time was 60.4 miutes.The post-ESD ulcer-healing was achieved in 100%(42/42)8 weeks after esomeprazole treatment.During follow-uP of 10.3 months(ranged from 8 to 1 8 months),no residual or local recurrence of EGC was seen.Conclusion ESD has the advantages of increasing one-piece resection and histologically curative resection rates.It is a safe and effective procedure in treatment of EGC.

BACKGROUND:Once lumbar degenerative diseases merge with lumbar spinal stenosis, lumbar instability and degenerative scoliosis, surgical therapy is required for corresponding clinical symptoms, and the usage of internal fixators cannot be inevitable. Osteoporosis is rather common in the elderly. Therefore, how to implant stable pedicle screw fixation system in serious osteoporosis patients wil be a big difficulty. In recent years, some studies have proven the biomechanical stability of polymethylmethacrylate augmentation of a cannulated and fenestrated pedicle screw in the vertebral body, so it becomes very hot in the spine surgery. OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical efficacy of the use of polymethylmethacrylate augmentation of a cannulated and fenestrated pedicle screw fixation for the treatment of lumbar degenerative disease accompanied with osteoporosis. METHODS:Thirty-one patients with lumbar degenerative disease accompanied with osteoporosis from Jun 2008 to Jan 2013 were selected, including 11 males and 20 females with an average age of 73.5 years (range, 65-86 years). There were 14 cases of lumbar degenerative stenosis, 9 of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation combined with segmental instability, 6 of lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis, and 2 of lumbar degenerative scoliosis. The patients were treated with lumbar canal decompression, fusion and polymethylmethacrylate augmentation of a cannulated and fenestrated pedicle screw fixation according to their clinical features and imaging data. Visual analog scale for pain evaluation was used before and after fixation, the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scale was used for assessment of neurological function and life skils before internal fixation and during folow-up. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al cases were folowed up for 40 months (range, 36-48months). No screw breakage, rod breakage, screw extraction, loosening, pseudoarticulation formation, or incision infection was found. The postoperative visual analog scale score and the JOA score was remarkably improved (P < 0.05). For patients suffering from lumbar degenerative disease accompanied with osteoporosis, polymethylmethacrylate augmentation of a cannulated and fenestrated pedicle screw fixation is helpful for increasing the stabilization of screw and preventing from loosening and dislocation of the screws, and thereby beneficial for improvement and maintenance of clinical efficacy.

Objective To investigate the influence of parental compliance on the therapeutic effect of children with epilepsy.Methods Two hundred and sixty children with epilepsy and their parents admitted to the First People's Hospital of Wenling from December 2013 to June 2016 were enrolled,and the classical Morisky medication adherence questionnaire (MMAS-8) was applied to evaluate the compliance of parents for treatment of their children with epilepsy;after the patient taking drug for 3 days,fasting venous blood was collected in the morning,the concentration of the blood drug was tested and the influence of parent compliance on the blood drug concentration of the child with epilepsy was evaluated.Results In 260 patients,122 cases took karma form,and 138 cases took valproate orally.There were parents with good medication compliance in 130 cases (50％),medium medication compliance 80 cases (30.76％) and poor adherence to the doctor order in 50 cases (19.23％).In cases using medication irregularly,there were 26 cases sometimes without taking any drug (10.0％),17 patients' medication being interrupted (6.54％) and 10 cases having excessive medication (3.85％);no relationships were found between parental compliance and each of the following items,family role,occupation and age (all P ＞ 0.05);and the compliance was related to gender,indicating that women's good compliance level was higher than that of males';the education level was positively proportional to the compliance,and the compliance of parents with senior high school or above degree was higher than those with primary school and junior secondary school levels (83 cases vs.9 cases,38 cases,both P ＜ 0.01).Under situation of parents with poor compliance,their children had blood drug concentration higher or lower than proper range of drug level (high in 22 cases,low in 41 cases,higher than the result in good compliance 0 cases and 17 cases respectively),thus seriously affected the safety and efficacy of the treatment;the patients' frequency of irregular medication in parents' good compliance group was significantly lower than that in parents' poor compliance group [3.08％ (4/130) vs.72.0％ (36/50),P ＜ 0.05].Conclusion To improve the therapeutic effect of epileptic children,their parental good cooperation is necessary.

Objective To explore the correlation of total IgE and childhood atopic dermatitis (AD) in maternal serum and newborn cord blood, as well as its clinical significance of allergen testing. Methods Thirty-five cases diagnosed as AD (AD group) were selected, and other 35 children who were not diagnosed as AD (control group) were randomly selected from a birth cohort established in 2009—2011. The total IgE levels were detected by ELISA in maternal serum and newborn cord blood. The serum specific IgE antibody level was detected by quantitative immunoblotting method. Results The serum total IgE level was significantly higher in mother and newborn cord blood in AD group than that in control group (χ2=16.568 and 14.933, P<0.01). Compared to control group, there was a significantly higher positive rate of mother serum allergen includ?ing dust mites, house dust, ragweed pollen, song kind of pollen, poplar, surname and elm pollen, mould, shrimp, marine fish, in AD group (P<0.05). There was a significantly higher positive rate of artemisia pollen and fungi IgE in newborn cord blood in AD group (P<0.05). Conclusion The increased total IgE in maternal serum may play a predictive effect on infants suf?fering from AD. There is no obvious consistency in allergic state between mothers and infants.

Objective:To elucidate the factors influencing the differences in the survival rates of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients between the rural and urban regions in China. Methods:A total of 36,723 ESCC patients derived from the clinical data-bases containing 500,000 esophageal and gastric cardia carcinoma cases (1973-2015) of the Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Can-cer Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, were analyzed. Of these patients, 33,625 were from the rural re-gions (91.6%), comprising 20,906 male patients with an average age of 58.98 ± 8.71 years and 12,719 females with an average age of 59.59 ± 8.53 years. The remaining 3,098 were from the urban regions and composed of 2,089 male patients with an average age of 60.84±9.10 years and 1,009 females with an average age of 62.46 ± 9.14 years. All the patients underwent radical esophagectomy, de-tailed histopathological diagnosis, and TNM staging. Chi square test, Kaplan-Meier, Log-rank, and Cox proportional hazards regression model were used to analyze the differences between ESCC patients from rural regions and those from urban regions and among the risk factors in prognosis. Results:Kaplan-Meier and Log-rank analysis results showed that the ESCC patients from the rural regions had significantly higher overall survival than the urban patients (χ2=12.971, P=0.000). Further analysis showed that rural patients≥50 years old and diagnosed with stage IIa and IIb (middle stage) ESCC had higher survival rates than urban patients in males and females (male:χ2=16.188, P<0.001;female:χ2=5.019, P=0.025). However, the survival rates of rural and urban patients with stage 0,Ⅰa,Ⅰb (early stage) and Ⅲa, Ⅲc, and Ⅳ (late stage) were similar (P>0.05). The results of Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis showed that age, gender, and TNM stages were independent risk factors for rural and urban ESCC patients. When the rural and urban ESCC patients were both considered, the Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis results showed that male ESCC patients≥50 years old, urban residence, and TNM stages were independent risk factors. Conclusion:Rural ESCC patients have significantly high-er overall survival than urban patients. Male, age of≥50 years old, urban residence, and TNM stages were independent risk factors for ESCC patient survival.

Objective:To explore the impact of supportive-expressive group therapy on the fear of disease progression and self-perceived burden of patients with early chronic kidney disease (CKD).Methods:A total of 150 early CKD patients in the Nephrology Department of Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine from May 2018 to July 2020 were selected and divided into research group with 88 cases and control group with 88 cases by random number table method. There were 12 cases were lost in the research group, 14 cases were lost in the control group. 76 cases in the research group and 74 cases in the control group were involved in the statistical analysis. The control group was treated with routine nursing while the research group was treated with nursing measures based on supportive-expressive group therapy as well as routine nursing. The effect of intervention was assessed by Fear of disease Progression (FoP) Questionnaire and Self-Perceived Burden Scale (SPBS) before and 12 weeks after the intervention.Results:There was no significant difference in the scores of FoP and Self Perceived Burden Scale (SPBS) between the two groups before the intervention ( P>0.05). After intervention, the scores of emotional reactions, loss of autonomy, partnership/family, anxiety response and the total score of FoP in the research group were (35.79 ± 5.82), (18.52 ± 3.16), (16.23 ± 2.27), (21.57 ± 2.92), (110.81 ± 17.12) respectively, which were lower than those in the control group (47.61 ± 7.13), (24.61 ± 3.97), (24.52 ± 3.71), (31.67 ± 3.87), (147.32 ± 21.72), and the differences were statistically significant ( t values were -18.07 - -10.41, all P<0.05). After intervention, the scores of physical factors, emotional factors and the total score of SPBS in the research group were (10.15 ± 1.82), (10.17 ± 1.86), (24.01 ± 4.25), which were lower than those in the control group (15.87 ± 2.57), (16.81 ± 3.14), (36.39 ± 6.32), and the differences were statistically significant ( t values were -15.76, -15.92, -14.11, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Supportive-expressive group therapy can effectively reduce the early CKD patients′ fear of disease progression and relieve their self-perceived burden.

PURPOSE: Numerous previous studies have reported inconsistent results about the differences between synchronous contralateral breast cancer (sCBC) and metachronous contralateral breast cancer (mCBC). This study aimed to compare the clinical characteristics and outcomes between sCBC and mCBC and determine predictive factors for the survival of sCBC and mCBC patients. METHODS: Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program database, we identified sCBC or mCBC patients from 2000 to 2010. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis were used to analyze overall survival and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) rates of sCBCs and mCBCs, respectively. RESULTS: Overall, 14,057 sCBC (n = 8,139, 57.9%) and mCBC (n = 5,918, 42.1%) patients were included. The first tumors of sCBC were more likely to have higher stage and more lymph and distant metastases, whereas those of mCBC were more often infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC), had localized stage, were estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) negative, and had less axillary nodal involvement. The second tumors of mCBC tended to be IDC and have higher grade, adverse stage, ER and PR-negativity; and more axillary nodal involvement, compared to the second tumors of sCBC. mCBC patients had significantly favorable 5-year BCSS but worse long-term BCSS compared with sCBC patients. Moreover, subgroup analysis revealed no significant difference of BCSS between sCBC and mCBC among patients aged 18–60 years. Multivariate analysis indicated that age, grade, and stage of 2 tumors; surgery for second tumor; and ER status of the second tumor were independent prognostic factors for BCSS of contralateral breast cancer (CBC). CONCLUSION: The characteristics and outcomes of sCBCs and mCBCs were substantially different. sCBC and mCBC patients may have different prognosis, and the prognosis of CBC depends on the first and second tumors.
Age of Onset ; Breast Neoplasms ; Breast ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Estrogens ; Humans ; Methods ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Receptors, Progesterone ; Risk Factors ; SEER Program