Objective To observe and analyze the expressions of Toll like receptors (TLRs)of TLR2,TLR4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and its correlation with the inflammatory factors levels of the elderly patients with chronic obstruc-tive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods 80 cases of elderly patients with COPD were selected and divided into the COPD stable phase group and the AECOPD group according to their condition of diseases.43 patients and 37 patients were included into each group respectively.80 cases of healthy elderly people were selected and divided into the smoking group and the non smoking group.41 cases and 39 cases were included into each group respectively.The expression levels of TLR2,TLR4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6),interleukin-8 (IL-8),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)of the objects in all the groups were detected and compared.Results From the AECOPD group,the non smoking group to the COPD stable phase group,the expression levels of TLR2,TLR4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the objects increased significantly gradually and the TLR4 expression level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the patients in the COPD stable phase was significantly higher than that in the smoking group (q=2.815~3.754,P <0.05).From the AECOPD group,the COPD stable phase group,the smoking group to the non smoking group,the serum IL-6,TNF-αlevels of the objects decreased significantly gradually and the serum IL-8 level of the patients in the AECOPD group was signifi-cantly higher than that of the other three group (q=5.247~8.175,P <0.05).The expression level of TLR2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of COPD patients was correlated with the serum IL-6 level (standardized regression coefficient=0.458),the serum IL-8 level (standardized regression coefficient=0.622)and the serum TNF-αlevel (standardized regres-sion coefficient=0.562)(P <0.05),the expression of TLR4 was correlated with the serum IL-6 level (standard the regres-sion coefficient= 0.478),the serum IL-8 level (standardized regression coefficient= 0.569)and the serum TNF-α level (standardized regression coefficient=0.352)(P <0.05).Conclusion The elderly patients with COPD showed the overex-pression state of TLRs of TLR2,TLR4 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells.Such increases were correlated closely with the serum levels of the inflammatory factors in the patients.The overexpression of TLRs should involve in the occur-rence and the progression of COPD.