BACKGROUND:Overproduction of thyroid hormones is shown to increase the activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, stimulating bone resorption and transformation. Inadequate compensation of increased bone resorption by bone transformation results in an increased loss of bone mass.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of hyperthyroidism on the density of the alveolar bone.
METHODS:Twenty-four New Zealand rabbits were equal y randomized into hyperthyroidism group and control group. Rabbits in the hyperthyroidism group or control group were daily injected intraperitoneal y with 50μg/kg levothyrocine diluted in physiological saline solution or equal volume of physiological saline. At 8 weeks after treatment, serum levels of thyroid hormones (FT3 and FT4), alkaline phosphatase, magnesium and calcium, phosphorus were determined;meanwhile, the bone densities of the lumbar vertebra, mandible, bilateral distal femur were determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and the correlation analysis was performed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 8 weeks after treatment, serum levels of FT3, FT4, alkaline phosphatase calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium in the hyperthyroidism group were significantly increased (P<0.01), while the bone densities of the lumbar vertebra, mandible, bilateral distal femur were significantly decreased (P<0.05), compared with the control group. Bone density of the mandible was positively correlated with the bone density the lumbar vertebra and bilateral distal femur. These findings suggest that the changes in FT3 and FT4 are sufficient for the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism results in the decreased density of the alveolar bone, indicating the occurrence of osteoporosis.

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a major agent of hand, foot and mouth disease that can cause a severe burden of disease to children. To identify an effective method for the control and prevention of EV71, we studied the effect of exposure to heat and ultraviolet (UV) light upon EV71 inactivation. We found that exposure to 50 degrees C could not inactivate the infectivity of EV71. However, exposure to 60 degrees C and 70 degrees C could inactivate EV71 effectively. EV71 could be inactivated after exposure to UV light at a distance between the sample and a lamp of 30 cm for 30 min or 60 min because viral genomic RNA was destroyed. However, fetal bovine serum (FBS) could attenuate the inactivation proffered by heat and UV light. Attenuation effects of FBS were correlated positively with FBS concentration. Hence, EV71 can be inactivated by exposure to heat and UV light, and our results could provide guidance on prevention of the spread of EV71.
Disinfection ; instrumentation ; methods ; Enterovirus A, Human ; genetics ; physiology ; radiation effects ; Enterovirus Infections ; virology ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Virus Inactivation ; radiation effects

Rotavirus is the leading causal agent of severe acute gastroenteritis in children aged <5 years. A specific pharmacologic agent for the treatment of rotavirus-infected children is lacking. In China, only the Luo Tewei oral vaccine (Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products, Shanghai, China), which is produced from Lanzhou lamb rotavirus vaccine (LLR), is available. Studies have hypothesized that the genotype of LLR is G10P[12], To identify the genotype of LLR by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, we showed that the VP7 and VP4 genotypes of LLR were G10 and P[15], respectively, based on sequencing, alignment and phylogenetic analyses. In conclusion, we identified the genotype of rotavirus strain LLR to be G10P[15].
China ; Genotype ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Rotavirus ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Rotavirus Infections ; virology ; Rotavirus Vaccines ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Viral Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics

Objective:To study the binding characteristics of horse-derived P[12] rotavirus GST-VP8*-Horse P[12]E403 protein to oligosaccharides and saliva receptors, provides an important scientific basis for the cross-species transmission and the mechanism of interaction between the bodies.Methods:The E. coli expression system was used to express and purify the horse-derived P[12] rotavirus GST-VP8*-Horse P[12]E403 protein. The receptor binding characteristics of this genotype were analyzed by saliva and oligosaccharide binding experiments. Results:Horse-derived GST-VP8*-Horse P[12]E403 protein binds well with mucin core 2 sugar, but does not bind to other oligosaccharides such as A, B, Lewis, and HBGAs in saliva.Conclusions:The potential receptor of VP8*-Horse P[12]E403 protein may be mucin core 2, and it did not bind to human saliva.

Objective:To understand the epidemiological characteristics of group A rotavirus (RVA) infection in hospitalized children under 5 years of age with diarrhea in 2019, and to provide reference for the surveillance of RVA.Methods:Stool samples and clinical information of hospitalized children under 5 years of age with diarrhea were collected from sentinel hospitals in 20 provinces in 2019. RVA nucleic acid detection and genotyping were performed according to the rotavirus detection method in the National Viral Diarrhea Surveillance Program.Results:A total of 5 395 viral diarrhea samples were collected, 5 038 were tested, and 1 247 diarrhea samples showed RVA positive results (1 247/5 038, 24.75%). The positive rate of RVA in Fujian province was the lowest (30/319, 9.40%), and the positive rate of RVA was the highest in Henan province (182/338, 53.85%). The positive rate of RVA in male and female children was 25.24%(762/3 019)and 24.02%(485/ 2 019), respectively. There was no significant gender distribution of RVA infection ( χ2 = 0.96, P=0.326). Children aged 12 to 17 months were mainly susceptible to RVA (342/1 033, 33.11%), and the positive rate of RVA in children aged 48 to 59 months was lower (35/227, 15.42%). RVA infection showed significant age distribution characteristics ( χ2 = 86.78, P<0.001). RVA infection had significant difference between urban and rural areas ( χ2 = 20.92, P<0.001) and seasonal characteristics ( χ2 =411.42, P<0.001). RVA genotyping showed that G9P[8] type (994/1 122, 88.59%) was the dominant epidemic strain. Conclusions:In 2019, the main genotype of RVA infection in hospitalized children under 5 years of age with diarrhea was G9P[8], and RVA infection had significant age, region and season characteristics.

Objective:To express and purify VP7 protein of group A rotavirus (RVA) G1P[8]. The VP7 polyclonal antibody was prepared and its function was evaluated.Methods:The G1 VP7 protein was expressed by baculovirus expression system and purified by affinity chromatography. Polyclonal antibody against G1 VP7 was obtained by immunizing rabbits with G1 VP7 protein. The function of the G1 VP7 polyclonal antibody was verified by Western blotting (WB), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunofluorescence assay.Results:The soluble G1 VP7 protein of human RVA G1P[8] was obtained using the baculovirus expression system and the VP7 protein was mainly in trimer state. The G1 VP7 polyclonal antibody was prepared and displayed relatively high binding titer to G1 VP7 protein by ELISA. The VP7 polyclonal antibodies could recognize multiple G-type RVAs by WB and ELISA. Immunofluorescence assay further demonstrated that G1 VP7 polyclonal antibody can bind to different RVAs, including Wa (genotype G1P[8]), DS-1(genotype G2P[4]), SA11 (genotype G3P[2]), and human G9P[8] RV strains. In addition, double sandwich ELISA showed that VP7 polyclonal antibody could be used to detect rotavirus in clinical samples.Conclusions:The soluble G1 VP7 protein was successfully expressed and VP7 antibody was obtained. The G1 VP7 polyclonal antibody could bind to a variety of G-type rotaviruses, which lays a foundation for the establishment of detection method of different G type rotaviruses.

Objective:A recombinant adenoviral vector vaccine based on non-replicating human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5), encoding the conserved domain of respiratory syncytial virus G protein (RSV-G) was constructed. The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of this vaccine were subsequently evaluated in mice.Methods:The recombinant Ad5 vector plasmid (Ad5-Gbcc-Gacc) was constructed by inserted conserved domains of RSV A and RSV B. The recombinant adenovirus Ad5-Gbcc-Gacc was rescued in HEK293A cells. The genome of virus Ad5-Gbcc-Gacc was identified by multi-enzyme digestion, and the expression of Ad5-Gbcc-Gacc was verified by Western blot. Recombinant adenovirus was used to immunize BALB/c mice via intramuscular injection with signal dose, and then challenged with RSV Long strain at week 6. The levels of G specific IgG and antibody subtypes in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the level of neutralizing antibodies was determined by micro-neutralization assay. After challenge, the mice′s weight was recorded daily, the copies of RSV virus in the lung and nasal tissues were detected. Pathological changes in lung tissue were also examined.Results:Western blot and multi-enzyme digestion identification confirmed the successful rescue of the recombinant adenovirus. Ad5-Gbcc-Gacc elicit high titers of specific IgG, robust neutralizing antibodies, and a balanced Th1/Th2 immune response in mice. In comparison to unimmunized controls, mice immunized with Ad5-Gbcc-Gacc reduced the viral copies in both lung and nasal tissue, and exhibited only minimal pathological damage of lung tissue following RSV challenge. In conclusion, Ad5-Gbcc-Gacc induced robust immunogenicity and offers protective effects against RSV infection in murine models.Conclusions:Ad5-Gbcc-Gacc induce robust immunogenicity and can protect mice from RSV challenge, which lays a foundation for further development of RSV vaccine based on G protein.

Objective: To analyze the infection status and pathogenic characteristics of rotavirus in group A of children under 5 years of age in Lanzhou city in 2017, and provide scientific data for prevention and control of rotavirus infection. Methods: A total of 219 stool samples from children with diarrhea under the age of 5 years in the Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of Lanzhou University from January to December in 2017 were collected. A group of human rotavirus positive samples were detected by ELISA, and G/P typing was detected by using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)) combined with sequencing. Some of the VP7 gene fragments were amplified, sequenced and analyzed for phylogenetic characteristics. Results: A total of 113 rotavirus in group A positive samples were detected, with a total positive rate of 51.60%. The main target of infection was children 0 to 17 months, and the peak of the epidemic was mainly in November. G/P genotyping was performed: G9 was predominant G genotype (90.27%), followed by G2 (7.08%). P[8] was predominant P genotype (91.15%), followed by P [4] (7.96%). In 2017, the group A human rotavirus epidemic strain was mainly G9P[8](88.50%). Sequence analysis and phylogenetic analysis of VP7 gene fragments showed that the dominant genotypes G9 had higher homology with isotype reference strains in other regions of China. Conclusions Children 0 to 17 months old in Lanzhou city are at high risk of group A human rotavirus infection. G9P[8] is a dominant genotype.

The article summarized professor SUN Weizheng's clinical experience in treating multiple myeloma using the clearing-releasing therapy. It is believed that the mechanism of multiple myeloma is kidney essence insufficiency， pathogenic toxin erosion， and blinding of phlegm and stasis. The treatment should consider both the deficiency and the excess， and the root and branch. Thus， the clearing-releasing therapy is proposed. “Clearing” refers to the approach of supplementing deficiency and reinforcing health while advocating the use of clearing and supplementing products to replenish without generating additional pathogenic factors. Additionally， products that clear heat， resolve toxins， dispel stasis， dissolve phlegm， and eliminate masses is suggested to benefit for clearing away pathogenic toxins. “Releasing” means to replenish the normal yang qi with sweet-warm and acrid-warm products on the basis of “clearing” method， and to release the cold pathogen constraint in the muscles and bones. Based on the principle of clearing and releasing， the selfmade Jishi Beverage （济世饮） is formulated to supplement the kidney and secure essence， dispel phlegm and dissolve stasis， resolve toxins and dissipate masses. The prescription can be modified according to syndrome differentiation. It is also advocated to use multiple methods and pay attention to external therapies such as enema for relieving constipation and draining heat， and to combine acupuncture and medicine to relieve pain.

Objective:To investigate the role of HIV-1 negative regulator (Nef) in HIV-1 neuropathogenicity.Methods:Five different HIV-1 nef genes were obtained from the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral regions (basal ganglia, frontal cortex, meninges, temporal cortex and spleen) of a patient with HIV-1-associated dementia (HAD). The recombinant pcDNA3.1- nef eukaryotic expression vectors were constructed by connecting them with pcDNA3.1 vector and transfected into human glioma cell line U87 respectively. The expression of Nef protein was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting at 22ndhour, 27 th hour, 32nd hour, 37th and 42nd hour after transfection. The result were analyzed quantitatively by JEDA801D and JD-801 software. The supernatant of U87 cells was collected every 5 hours from 27th hour to 62nd hour after transfection. The levels of TNF-α and IL-1 β in the supernatant were determined by ELISA, and the dynamic expression of the two cytokines was analyzed. Results:Five recombinant pcDNA3.1- nef eukaryotic expression vectors of nef genes from different tissues of an HAD patient were successfully constructed and transfected into U87 cells. The result of immunohistochemistry showed that Nef protein began to express at 42nd hour after transfection, which was further confirmed by Western blot. The result of ELISA showed that the levels of cytokines in the supernatant of each group increased gradually with time from 22ed hour to 37th hour after transfection, but there was no significant difference among the groups (TNF-α: F=0.445, P=0.837; F=0.579, P=0.742; F=0.617, P=0.714; F=2.728, P=0.057. IL-1β: F=2.656, P=0.062; F=0.485, P=0.809; F=0.165, P=0.982; F=2.463, P=0.093); The levels of TNF-α and IL-1 β in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group from the 42nd hour ( P<0.05); after 42nd hour, the levels of cytokines in each group gradually decreased, and the levels of TNF-α and IL-1 β remained stable from the 57th hour to the 62nd hour, while the levels of TNF-α and IL-1 β in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group from the 42nd hour to the 62nd hour, the difference was still statistically significant (TNF-α: F=241.310, P<0.001; F=242.638, P<0.001; F=250.114, P<0.001; F=143.877, P<0.001; F=146.172, P<0.001. IL-1β: F=251.578, P<0.001; F=188.816, P<0.001; F=276.240, P<0.001; F=238.136, P<0.001; F=163.361, P<0.001), and there was no significant difference among the experimental groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:HIV-1 Nef protein can induce and enhance the secretion of TNF-α and IL-1 β in U87 cells. However, the amino acid variation of HIV-1 Nef protein from different sources in an HAD patient had no effect on the secretion of TNF-α and IL-1 β.