Objective The aim of the study was to find out the status and influencing factors of dental anxiety and reduce it . Methods One hundred and ninety‐five patients in Chaoyang Central Hospital were selected via stomatology convenience sampling . Basic information ,modified dental anxiety scale(MDAS) ,State Anxiety Inventory(S‐AI) ,and two homemade scales were used to in‐vestigated .Results No difference in general baseline data was found in two groups of anxiety and non‐anxious ,except the propor‐tion of women in the group of dental anxiety was higher than non‐anxious group(60% vs .40% ,P=0 .008) .Logistic regression a‐nalysis showed that fear of bad medical technology(OR=2 .247);spray to mouth(OR=2 .151);affect normal chewing function(OR=2 .589);listen to the negative experiences(OR=2 .825);lack of knowledge of oral understanding(OR=2 .539);fear of pain(OR=2 .074) were independent risk factors for dental anxiety .Binary Logistic regression analysis also found that understand the oral health knowledge(OR=0 .374);listening to the music(OR=0 .279);anesthetics(OR=0 .305);encouragement and praise language (OR=0 .460) independent protective factors to relieve dental anxiety .Conclusion Worry about medical technology ,mouth spray , affecting normal function ,listen to the negative experiences ,lack of oral knowledge and fear of pain were common cause of dental anxiety .Study of oral knowledge ,music ,anesthetics ,medical encourage staff to use the language of praise were effective ways to re‐lieve dental anxiety .

Objective To evaluate the preoperative sleep quality of inpatients and analyze its influencing factors.Methods A self-designed questionnaire,Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI)and self-rating anxiety scale(SAS)were used to investigate the sleep quality and anxiety of 114 inpatients before operation.The two groups were compared in terms of sleep quality and anxiety.The factors influencing the sleep quality were analyzed.Results Of the 114 preoperative inpatients,72.81%(83 cases)had poor sleep quality.The PSQI scores of preoperative inpatients were significantly higher than that in the healthy individuals,but significantly lower than that in the patients with insomnia(P<0.01).The main factors affecting the quality of sleep were fear of surgery,pain and discomfort,feeling strange with the ward settings,and worry about prognosis,totally causing 89.47%of the sleep disorders. Inpatients with poor sleep quality,37.3%was found suffering from anxiety.The rate was significantly higher than that of patients with good sleep quality(P<0.01).Conclusions The incidence of poor sleep quality is relatively high among the preoperative inpatients, mainly caused by fear of surgery,pain and discomfort.In order to improve the sleep quality,it is necessary to perform psychological and comfort intervention according to the sleep status of the patients.

Objective To observe the effect of IMRT combined with astragalus polysaccharide (ASP) injection on cervicocerebral tumor,radiation side effects and its influence on immune function. Methods 61 head and neck tumor patients were randomly divided into two groups.One groups received the IMRT combined with Astragalus Polysaccharide (ASP) injection (n=30) while the other group only received the IMRT(n=31). The recent effect, immune function and the side effects of radiotherapy between the 2 groups were observed and compared , changes of T-lymphocyte subsets, natural killer (NK) cell activity and the dermatitis,oral mucosa reaction,thirsty condition on patients in intraoperative or postoperative period were also observed and compared. Results The total effective rate in experimental group and the control group were 83.0% and 80.6% respectively.The cell viability of peripheral blood lymphocyte and NK cell as well as the T3、T4、NK cell value increased in IMRT-ASP group (P<0.05) after treatment. While T3、T4、NK cell value in peripheral blood decreased (P<0.05). Mucosa,dermatitis and salivary gland damage showed in IMRT-ASP group were significantly better than in control group after 3 weeks treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion ASP can improve immune function effect in head and neck tumor patients during RT, and can also eliminate the side effects of radiotherapy.

Objective To study the risk factors for pulmonary fungal infection associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),and evaluate the efficacy and safety of itraconazole for treatment of pulmonary fungal infection associated COPD.Methods A retrospective analysis were conducted on clinical data of 42 COPD patients who were confirmed pulmonary fungal infection in a respiratory disease department from September 1 ,2007 to May 31 ,2012,and 53 COPD patients who had no pulmonary fungal infection were as control.Results Of 42 patients with COPD and pulmonary fungal infection,8 were confirmed by histopathological examination,34 were confirmed by clinical diagnosis;6 were acute cases,36 were chronic cases;28 were positive for fungal detection,6 of whom were detected Candida albicans ,13 were detected Aspergillus ,7 were detected unclassified fungi,and 2 had mixed fungal infection.Univariate analysis showed that underlying diseases,long-term use of broad-spectrum antimicrobi-als,long-term use of glucocorticoid,hypoproteinemia,invasive procedure,invasive mechanical ventilation,diabetes mellitus,history of invasive fungal infection were major risk factors for pulmonary fungal infection associated with COPD.After patients were treated by itraconazole,the improvement rate of clinical symptoms was 66.67%,fungal eradication rate was 60.71 %,total effective rate was 64.29%.Of 28 cases with positive fungal detection,the im-provement rate of clinical symptoms,fungal eradication rate,and total effective rate was 71 .43%(n=20),60.71 %(n=17),and 67.86%(n=19)respectively.Itraconazole had good therapeutic efficacy on acute and chronic pulmo-nary fungal infection associated with COPD.Adverse drug reaction rate was 23.81 %,most were mild and reversi-ble,and had no obvious impact on the treatment.Conclusion Itraconazole has positive clinical efficacy on treating pulmonary fungal infection associated with COPD,it is highly safe.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics, treatment, and evaluation of the prognosis of syndrome of inap-propriate anti-diuretic hormone (SIADH) in lung-cancer patients. Methods:We review the clinical data of six lung cancer cases, includ-ing four small cell lung cancer, one adenocarcinoma, and one squamous cell carcinoma, with SIADH complication. All six cases were treated in our hospital over the past three years. Results:Patients with various serum sodium levels were provided different therapeutic regimens. Symptoms of fatigue and nervous system disorders, plasma sodium, urine sodium, and plasma osmotic pressure were alleviat-ed. Conclusion:SIADH is a common complication of lung cancer, particularly in small lung cancer cases. Electrolyte disturbances indi-cate poor prognosis, high mortality rate, and delay in treatment because of clinical interest. After a final diagnosis has been made and ap-propriate treatment has been administered, clinical symptoms were relieved and blood sodium levels were quickly and significantly im-proved in these patients.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of intracranial infection after neurosurgery and the effect of vancomycin.Methods 28 cases of craniotomy in this study, The First Hospital of Ningbo City from January 2011 to July 2014 during the years after the occurrence of intracranial infection patients as the research object, a retrospective analysis of the age, gender, emergency, basic diseases, mastoid airroom, ventricle drainage, posterior fossa surgery, reoperation and operation time (more than 4h).The clinical data, summarize the risk factors of postoperative intracranial infection in department of neurosurgery and to observe the clinical effect of vancomycin in the treatment of such patients.Result The high risk factors of intracranial infection include: Open mastoid gas room during operation, ireoperation, ventricular drainage and operative time (more than 4h).In 28 cases with intracranial infection after craniotomy, the total effective rate of vancomycin treatment was 100.00%.Conclusion The high risk factors of intracranial infection after operation include open surgery, mastoid room, reoperation, ventricular drainage and longer operation time.Vancomycin is an effective drug in the treatment of intracranial infection in the department of neurosurgery.

Objective To explore the risk factors related to postoperative recurrence of uterine fibroid following myomectomy.Methods Four hundred and seventy-three uterine fibroid patients underwent myomectomy were recruited in the case-control study.Leiomyoma characteristics,surgical approach,pathological type and follow-up information were collected by questionnaire.Data were analyzed by correlation analysis and multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis.The calculation of the risk factors associated with the degree of the recurrence after myomectomy was OR and its 95％ confidence interval (95％ CI).Results Among patients,194 cases with recurrence were detected after the 2-7 years follow-up.The number of fibroid removed was the risk factor of postoperative recurrence (OR =2.31,95％ CI:1.57-3.40,P =0.000).Compared with the single fibroid,the risk of recurrence increased 2.31 times in those patients who removed more than two fibroids.Preoperative parity was the protective factor for recurrence (OR =0.63,95％ CI:0.48-0.84,P =0.002).Neither age nor surgical approach or pathological type was associated with the risk of postoperative recurrence related to uterine fibroid following myomectomy.Conlcusion Fibroid number was the risk factor of postoperative recurrence while the preoperative parity was the protective factor.Laparoscopic myomectomy,cellular leiomyoma and muscle intramural leiomyoma did not increase the risk of recurrence.

Objective:To compare and analyse the clinical outcome, advantages and disadvantages of submental artery island flap (SAIF) and free anterolateral thigh flap (ALTF) in the repair and reconstruction of tongue after radical surgery of tongue cancer.Methods:From January, 2016 to December, 2018, a total of 40 patients received tongue repair and reconstruction with either SAIF or ALTF after radical resection of tongue cancer. There were 28 males and 12 females, with an average age of 51 years old. Eighteen patients received tongue repair and reconstruction with SAIF and 22 with ALTF. Postoperative follow-up were carried out and the clinical data were collected. Swallowing, speech and softness of the tongue between the 2 repair methods were compared and statistically analysed. P<0.05 indicated a significant statistical difference between 2 groups. Results:All flaps survived. One ALTF had a venous vascular crisis. The flap survived after the removal of thrombus at the anastomotic site. Functional recovery of tongue was analysed after the follow-up of 12-48 months. It was found that there was no significant difference in speech function between the 2 groups (SAIF vs ALTF: 13 vs 15, P=0.206). The swallowing dysfunction in SAIF group was significantly higher than that of the ALTF group (SAIF vs ALTF: 15 vs 7, P=0.014). Moreover, the average time of surgery in SAIF group (3.5 h) was significantly less than that of the ALTF group (6.8 h), which had statistically significance ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The SAIF and ALTF are ideal flaps for repairing the tongue defect caused by tongue cancer surgery. SAIF features a simple surgical procedure and a short time for flap taking. ALTF provides sufficient amount of tissue to cover the scars left by the surgery, reduce donor site complications, and benefit the recovery of swallowing and speech functions.

Meshless methods are recently developed numerical methods which require only node informa- tion. This paper introduces the basic principles and history of meshless methods, the principles and implementation of the moving least square method taking Galerkin method as an example. Finite points mixed method (FPMM) and its application in solving electrocardiogram(ECG) forward problem is also introduced. Foreground and problems need to be solved concerning the application of meshless methods in the study of ECG forward problem are discussed.

Objective To investigate the association between chlamydia pneumoniae(Cpn)and atherosclerosis obliterans(ASO). Methods Sixty ASO patients and 40 healthy persons were selected,and their Cpn DNA expressions in venous blood determined by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). Results The ASO patients had significantly higher positive expression rate of Cpn DNA than that of healthy persons(78. 33% vs. 47.50% ,P ＜0.05). In all 60 cases the Cpn DNA expressions were positively correlated with the severity of ASO. Conclusions Cpn DNA expression closely relates with ASO severity,and it plays an important role in the ASO pathogenesis.