Objective To evaluate combination therapy effects of ornidazole and pefloxacin on chronic periodontitis.Methods 200 cases of chronic periodontitis were chosen from the Stomatological Hospital of Hangzhou as study subjects.100 cases in observation group were treated with ornidazole and pefloxacin combination treatment, while another 100 cases in control group were treated with ornidazole.The treatments lasted 7 days.The effects and inflammation -related perimeters (including hs -CRP,IL -4,IL -6,IFN -γ)in patients'serum were measured. Results Probing depth,attachment loss and inflammation -related perimeters of the observation group were improved significantly,and even were much better than the control group (probing depth:t =2.113,P <0.05;attachment loss:t =1.894,P <0.05,hypersensitive C -reactive protein:t =2.001,P <0.05;IL -6:t =1.953,P <0.05;interferon -γ:t =1.976,P <0.05).And the total effective rate of the observation group was also better than that of the control group (χ2 =24.335,P <0.01).Conclusion Combination treatment of ornidazole and pefloxacin is more effective than single treatment of ornidazole,which is worthy of widely promoted in clinical.

Objective To evaluate the expression of Gadd45α and p38 MAPK in placentas and the correlations of Gadd45α protein and serum soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (sFlt-1) and soluble endoglin (sEng) in preeclampsia(PE). Methods Fifty-four pregnant women who delivered from September 2009 to March 2010 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were chosen as the subjects. They were classified into mild preeclampsia group (n=20),severe preeclampsia group (n=16) and the control group (normal pregnant women underwent elective cesarean sections at term without labor and perinatal complications, n=18). Western blot and immunohistochemistry were employed to determine the expression and localization of Gadd45α and p-p38 MAPK protein respectively. Gadd45α mRNA level was determined by quantitative real-time PCR. The levels of seum sFlt-1 and sEng were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). One-way ANOVA and LSD-t test were applied for statistical analysis. Results (1)Immunohistochemistry identified that the positive stained cells were mostly located in trophoblast cells in normotensive placentas, whereas in preeclamptic placentas Gadd45α protein and p-p38 MAPK protein were detected in trophoblast and endothelial cells, as well as a few stromal cells at increased levels.(2)The mRNA levels of Gadd45α was significantly elevated in mild and severe preeclampsia groups compared to the control group (2.10±0.11 and 3.33±0.13 vs 1.01±0.18, P＜0.05), and Gadd45α mRNA level in severe group was significantly higher than in mild group (P＜0.05).(3)The data of Western blot revealed that the Gadd45α protein levels in each group were 0.22±0.11, 0.65±0.15 and 1.34±0.17, respectively, with significant differences between each group(P＜0.05). The p-p38 MAPK protein levels in each group were 0.32±0.08, 0.72±0.12 and 1.45±0.21, respectively, with significant differences between each group (P＜0.05). p38 MAPK protein levels in the total groups showed no difference(P＞0.05).(4)Compared with the control group, sFlt-1 and sEng concentrations in maternal circulation were significantly increasing in mild and severe preeclampsia groups, and concentrations in severe group were significantly higher than those in mild group (P＜0.05).(5) There were positive correlations between Gadd45α protein levels and the concentrations of serum sFlt-1 and sEng in each group( r=0.88 and 0.87, respectively all P＜0.05). Conclusions Upregulation of Gadd45α in preeclampsia placentas may play an important role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. It may induce the increased maternal serum levels of sFlt-l and sEng by activating p38 MAPK signaling pathway, leading to deficient cytotrophoblastic invasion and abnormal placental vascular reconstruction during pregnancy.

The article reviewed the concept,characteristics,basic steps and main form of PBL as well as the wide application and superiorities in nursing courses teaching.It also analysed the deficiencies of teaching courses,raised the proposal or advice on how to improve from 3 following aspects and explore the possibilities of application in nursing filed.

Objective To build rat models and observe changes of behavior and monoamine of PDD. Methods The rats were injected with 6-OHDA and accepted CUMS for the establishment of PDD model , so as to assess its behavior changes and detect brain tissue monoamine contents by ELISA. Results Significant behavioral and monoamine abnormalities can be observed in model rats. Behavioral and monoamine improvement can be observed after treated with Chaigan Jieyou. Conclusion The PDD model can be established by 6-OHDA and CUMS. Chaigan Jieyou decoction may reach therapeutic purposes by increasing monoamine contents.

Objective To evaluate the expression and location of the growth arrest and DNA damage 45 alpha(Gadd45α)gene in human placenta and explore the relationship between Gadd45α and preeclampsia(PE).Methods Thirty-six women with preeclampsia who delivered from September 2009 to March 2010 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were chosen as the study objects.They were classified into mild group( n = 20), severe group( n = 16) and elective term cesarean sections group without previous onset of labor and perinatal complications ( control group, n = 18 ).Placentas were collected after they delivered and immunohistochemical streptravidin-biotin peroxidase(SP) method and histoscore were employed to detect the expression and localization of Gadd45α protein.Gadd45α mRNA level was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique and western blot analysis was used to quantify Gadd45α protein expression level.Results (1)Gadd45α protein was detectable in placenta tissues of the mild and severe groups, mostly located in cytoplasm and nuclei of trophoblast, plus nuclei of vascular endothelial cells and a few stromal cells; whereas placenta tissues of control group showed weak staining, and only detectable in trophoblast, undetectable in vascular endothelial cells.(2)The Gadd45α mRNA levels in placenta tissues of the severe and mild groups were 0.75 ±0.07 and 0.44±0.13, respectively, significantly higher than that in control group (0.18 ±0.04, P ＜0.05);compared with mild group, Gadd45α mRNA level was significantly higher in severe group( P ＜ 0.05 ).(3)The Gadd45α protein levels in placenta tissues of the severe and mild groups was 1.34 ±0.17 and 0.65 ±0.15, respectively, compared with mild group, Gadd45α protein level was higher in severe group (P ＜0.05); they were both significantly higher than that in control group ( 0.22 ± 0.11, P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions Gadd45α mRNA and protein levels in placenta tissues of patients with preeclampsia are higher than that of normotensive women, and up-regulated with aggravation of preeclampsia; the Gadd45α protein is located in trophoblast cells, which are closely related to pathogenesis of preeclampsia.These results indicate that Gadd45α plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of preeclampsia.

Objective To compare the isometric muscle strength of muscle groups in the lower extremities of children with spastic hemiplegia among sides or ages. Methods17 spastic hemiplegic children were measured the muscle strength of hip, knee and ankle muscle groups with hand-held dynamometry (HHD). ResultsMuscle strength was weaker in the involved side than in the other side. In younger children, it was weaker of overall extremity, while in the older it was of the distal end mainly. ConclusionWhen applying strength training to spastic hemiplegic children, it is important to notice strength of all groups in lower extremity in younger children and the distal groups in older ones.

Objective To understand teachers' cognition and behavior of PBL teaching in nursing college.Methods Eighty teachers were investigated by questionnaire at eight nursing colleges in Hunan province.The percentage was used to do statistical description.Results Totally 75 copies of valid questionnaires were returned,the effective recovery rate was 93.75％.Among all,96％ of teachers thought that teacher was the guide;85.3％ teachers thought that students were knowledge's seekers;93.3％ teachers heard of PBL teaching;81.3％ teaches thought that PBL teaching played a positive role ;74.7％ teaches understood PBL teaching by communication or reading literature; 72％ teachers were willing to try PBL teaching;46.8％ teachers emphasized on multidisciplinary knowledge fusion in teaching; 88.3％ teachers encouraged student discussion in class.The main factors effecting PBL teaching were case and problem design,teaching result evaluation,lack of expert guidance and teacher instruction.Conclusion Teachers have certain understanding of PBL.Organizers should formulate related policies for teachers and students in order to create good education environment.

Objective To study expression and activation of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) in vascular endothelial cells dysfunction in preeclampsia. Methods From Sept. 2009 to Mar.2010, 54 pregnant women underwent deliveries in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were enrolled in this study, including 20 patients in mild preeclampsia group, 16 patients in severe preeclampsia group and 18 women with term cesarean section without perinatal complications as control group. Placental endothelial cells were labeled by CD34 to assay microvessel density (MVD) of each group. Immunohistochemical SP and western blot were used to detect localization and expression of p-p38 MAPK protein, respectively. The levels of sera soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1)and soluble endoglin(sEng) were measured by ELISA. Results ①The MVD of placenta were 103 ± 3 in control group, 81 ±5 in mild preeclampsia group and 63±4 in severe group, respectively, which showed statistical difference among each group (P＜0.05).②The expression of p38 MAPK protein were 0.84±0.05 in control group,0.90±0.14 in mild group and 0. 86 ±0.18 in severe group, which did not reach remarkable difference among each group (P＞0.05). The expression of p-p38 MAPK protein were 0.13±0.05 in control group,0.59±0.12 in mild group and 1.16±0.18 in severe group, which show statistical difference among each group(P＜0.05).(3) The localization of p-p38 was in trophoblast, endothelial cells and a few (5.2±0.3)and(10.9±0.4)μg/L in control group,(12.5±1.2) and (20.4±5.3)μg/L in mild group and (19.3±3.0) and (29. 5 ±3.7) μg/L in severe group. When drawing paired comparison in those p-p38 MAPK protein levels and the concentrations of serum sFlt-1, sEng in preeclampsia groups (r=0.68,P＜0.05;r=0.87,P＜0.05). Conclusions The remarkable activation of the p38 MAPK in the placenta of patients with preeclampsia induced the increased levels of sFlt-1 and sEng in maternal serum, which confer the injury of vascular endothelial cells that caused the significant decline of MVD in placentas. p38 MAPK signaling might be one of the key pathways in vascular endothelial cell dysfunction in preeclampsia.

Objective: To research the functional segments of B-FA molecule binding invariant chain and their characters. Methods:The DNA segments (α1α2, sα1α2 and α3TC ) of B-FA genes were respectively cloned and inserted into prokaryotic or eukaryotic expression plasmids,then they were singly or co-transfected with Ii gene into the engineering bacteria E. coli (BL-21)or 293T cells. After induction of expression,affinity chromatography and SDS-PAGE identification,the binding between B-FA segments and Ii molecule and co-localization in cells were observed with Pull-down and Western blot. Results:First three recombinant prokaryotic expression plasmids and four recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmids were constructed. The single molecules expressed by B-FA segments were observed after an affinity chromatography. Secondly the complexes of Ii/B-FA-α1α2 and Ii/B-FA-sα1α2 were detected by a Pull-down from the co-transfected corresponding prokaryotic expression plasmids,but no complex of Ii andα3TC,also in the western blot it was detected that B-FA-α1α2 or B-FA-sα1α2 as functional segment could bind Ii to form complex. Finally in eukaryotic expression 293T cells B-FA-sα1α2 kept localization, the same as B-FA. Conclusion: Chicken B-FA-α1α2 is function segment to bind with Ii molecule and keeps the location characters same as B-FA. The results of this research first time provide experimental evidence about B-FA functional region binding segment to Ii molecule.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of low frequency electrical pulse therapy combined with α-lipoic acid on diabetic gastroparesis in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods A total of 65 patients diagnosed as diabetic gastroparesis were selected from our hospital and divided into three groups according to random number table:the control group(n =23,the α-lipoic acid treatment),the conventional treatment group (n =16),and the experimental group (n =26,treating with α-lipoic acid combined with low-frequency electrical pulse therapy).All patients received the conventional diabetic therapy.Clinical effects,gastric emptying rate and serum gastrin(GAS) and fasting blood glucose levels were compared before versus after treatment among the three groups.Results The cure and total effective rates were higher in the experimental group than in the control group [46.15％ (12 cases) vs.30.43％ (7 cases),80.76％ (20 cases) vs.65.21％ (15 cases),x2 =0.867,P＜0.05].There were significant differences in gastric emptying rate,serum gastrin and fasting plasma glucose levels among the 3 treatment groups before versus after treatment.And the gastric emptying rate and serum gastrin level were better improved in the experimental groups compared with the conventional treatment and control groups.Conclusions The low-frequency electrical pulse therapy combined with α-lipoic acid has a significant clinical efficacy,which can improve clinical effects,promote gastric emptying,decrease fasting plasma glucose levels in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.