In the past, panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) and vitrectomy (PPV) were the main treatments for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). In recent years, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs have been used more and more widely in PDR due to their advantages in rapidly subtracting new blood vessels, reducing leakage, and promoting the absorption of blood. The combination of anti-VEGF drugs and PRP in the treatment of PDR, especially high-risk PDR, can increase the rate of neovascularization and prevent some patients with mild to moderate vitreous hemorrhage from PPV. The application of anti-VEGF drugs during the perioperative period of PPV can also reduce bleeding during the operation, shorten the operation time, and reduce surgical complications. Although clinical studies have confirmed that anti-VEGF drugs can be used as an alternative treatment for PRP, most patients require multiple and long-term treatments, which increase the psychological and economic burden of patients. It is expected that the cost of anti-VEGF drugs and the development of long-acting dosage forms can be reduced and bring better efficacy and benefits to PDR patients in the future.

Objective To systematically evaluate the influence of acupuncture-moxibustion on the peroneal nerve conduction velocity in type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), and to provide clinical references for acupuncture-moxibustion treatment for DPN.Method By searching the CBM, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, Pubmed, Springer and Medline databases, randomized controlled trials (RCT) of acupuncture-moxibustion for the type 2 DPN published from January 2000 to January 2014 were retrieved and the relevant data of the peroneal nerve conduction velocity were collected for methodological evaluation. RevMan 5.1 software was adopted to conduct the meta-analysis.Result Totally 10 RCTs were recruited with 685 cases involved, including 355 cases in the treatment group and 330 cases in the control group. The meta-analysis results indicated that acupuncture-moxibustion can produce a better effect in improving the motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) and sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) of peroneal nerve in type 2 DPN than the treatments used in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant between the two groups [MD=3.55, 95%CI (0.79, 6.31); MD=4.10, 95%CI (0.22, 7.99)].Conclusion Acupuncture-moxibustion can improve the peroneal nerve conduction velocity in type 2 DPN, and thus is worth application in clinic. Due to the limitation of the included studies, such as small sample size and low quality of the articles and high probability of bias, RCTs of large sample size and high quality are required to confirm the above conclusions.

BACKGROUND:Based on the blood and urine biochemical changes in different intensities and types of exercise, this research describes the impact of exercise on bone metabolism. Meantime, these biochemical indexes also show a method of marking physiological differences of certain individuals, and also reflect the impact of exercise on bone. These can be regarded as a monitoring index of bone growth and metabolism. OBJECTIVE:To study exercise effect from the biochemical indicators in bone metebolism, and make a further discussion about its influence on bone formation and bone resorption. METHODS:Databases of CNKI and PubMed were retrieved by computer with key words of “exercise; bone metabolism; biochemical indicators” in Chinese and English, respectively, by screening titles and abstracts to search papers related to exercise effects on the blood and urine biochemical indicators. Totaly 236 papers were initialy found, and only 38 papers were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Low-intensity exercise shows less effect on the bone, but excessive exercise is harmful to the bone that can cause stress fractures. What’s worse, it causes a lack of female hormone and reduce bone mass. Exercise can alter the blood and urine biochemical indicators in aspects of types of exercise and intensities. Only the exercise at appropriate intensity makes positive effects on bone formation and resorption, and assists bone mineral density and bone biomechanical indicators to develop exercise prescription and arrange rehabilitation exercises. MechanismS of bone turnover need further discussion at the celular level.

AIM: To explore the molecular mechanisms of SC58125 on apoptosis in HepG2 cells. METHODS: Cell culture, ELISA, flow cytometry, RT-PCR, Western blot and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) analysis were employed to clarify the effect of SC58125 on apoptosis in HepG2 cells and related molecular mechanisms. RESULTS: SC58125 induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, which was accompanied by inhibition of NF-?B, activation of caspase-3, decrease of bcl-2 mRNA and increase of p53 mRNA. However, no significant changes were found in the DNA binding of AP-1. CONCLUSION: SC58125 induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells, which may be related to the inhibition of NF-?B, activation of caspase-3, decrease of bcl-2 mRNA and increase of p53 mRNA.

AIM: To clarify the effect of SC58125 on cell proliferation and apoptosis in HepG-2 cells and explore the molecular mechanisms. METHODS: Cell culture, MTT, TUNEL, DNA ladder, flow cytometry and Western blot analysis were employed in the present study. RESULTS: SC58125 inhibited the growth of HepG-2 cells and induced the apoptosis. Furthermore, it arrested G_0/G_1 phase and inhibited S phase in HepG-2 cells. Depressed expression of P33 cdk2 ,P34 cdc2 ,cyclin B_1,cyclin E ,Mpm-2,Rb ,PCNA proteins were found in HepG-2 cells treated with SC58125. CONCLUSION: SC58125 inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis, which may be related to the altered low protein levels of P33 cdk2 ,P34 cdc2 ,cyclin B_1,cyclin E ,Mpm-2,Rb,PCNA

Objective To evaluate the impacts of slice thickness and registration frame range on the accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography ( CBCT) image-guided head and neck ( HN) radiotherapy, and to provide a basis for positioning correction in image-guided radiotherapy.Methods A planned CT scan was performed for an anthropomorphic HN phantom with slice thickness of 1 mm and 3 mm and simulated positioning errors in x, y, and z directions on the accelerator.CBCT scan and reconstruction were performed with slice thickness of 1 mm and 3 mm.Two different registration frame ranges were used ( range 1:from C7 to superior orbit;range 2:from C7 to calvaria ) .Automatic bony registration was performed for CBCT and planned CT images with slice thickness of 1 mm and 3 mm.The registration accuracy was evaluated.Results For range 1, the registration errors in x, y, and z directions with a slice thickness of 1 mm were significantly lower than those with a slice thickness of 3 mm (0.5±0.2 mm vs.-0.7±0.2 mm, P=0.00;0.5±0.3 mm vs. 1.0±0.3 mm, P=0.00;-0.1±0.5 mm vs.1.5±0.5 mm, P=0.00).For range 2, the registration errors in x, y, and z directions with a slice thickness of 3 mm were-0.4±0.2 mm, 0.5±0.2 mm, and 0.7±0.4 mm, respectively.Conclusions Engagement of calvaria in registration range can substantially enhance the registration accuracy in CBCT or CT images for HN.The registration error with slice thickness of 1 mm can be controlled within 1 mm.

Objective To explore the experiences of prostatic hyperplasia patients with dysuria. The thesis is designed to meet the demand of different individuals and to provide basis for reasonable and effective intervention measures. Methods Semi-structure interview is carried out on 16 patients. Data was analyzed by Colaizzi's seven steps of analysis methods. Results The prostatic hyperplasia patients with dysuria experiences were classified into three aspects. The first one was mental experience: the patients used to be healthy and unaware of his illness at first. Later the patients were very painful and lack of correct guidance. The result can lead to incontinence in life and poor quality of sleeping. The second one was psychological experience: the patients have low emotional control ability, which leads to depression and fear-related complications. The patients expect professional guidance and help;therefore, they need to establish a positive attitude towards life. The last one was medical experience:the process of treatment is long and painful, which needs a long period of waiting. Conclusion Patients suffering from dysuria with prostatic hyperplasia experience inconvenience in life. The nurses can help patients to build upon a certain confidence of life by understanding their physical and mental experience and promote physical and mental rehabilitation of patients.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the radical effect and postoperative anal function of total mesorectum excision (TME) combined with different intersphincter resection (ISR) in treatment of T1 and T2 stage ultra-low rectal cancer.

METHODSClinical data of 102 T1 and T2 stage ultra-low colorectal cancer patients who received TME combined with different ISR from January 2004 to December 2013 in our department, including 33 cases of complete internal anal sphincter excision ISR (complete ISR group), 39 cases of partial internal anal sphincter excision ISR (partial ISR), 30 cases of partial dentate line reservation ISR (dentate line group). All the operation procedures followed the principles of TME. Radical conditions were compared and similarly, postoperative anal function was evaluated by Williams classification standard among 3 groups.

RESULTSThe general information, such as gender, age, BMI, maximum diameter of tumor, distance of tumor edge to dentate line, TNM staging, degree of differentiation among 3 groups had no statistically significant differences (all P>0.05). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, length of removed intestinal canal, resection margin, the harvested number of lymph nodes, and postoperative complications among 3 groups also had no statistically significant differences (all P>0.05). Twelve months after surgery, good anal function rate in part ISR group and dentate line group was 100%, significantly better than that in complete ISR group (75.8%) with significant difference (χ2=4.654, P=0.015).

CONCLUSIONTME combined with ISR surgery in treatment of T1 and T2 stage ultra-low rectal cancer is safe and effective, which, as far as possible to preserve partial internal sphincter and dentate line on the premise of the guarantee of radical condition, can help to improve the postoperative anal function.

Anal Canal ; Digestive System Surgical Procedures ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Staging ; Operative Time ; Postoperative Complications ; Postoperative Period ; Rectal Neoplasms

Objective To investigate the influence of respiratory motion on target dose distribution in radiotherapy for patients with lung tumors. Methods The Big Bore Brilliance CT with bellows system was used to gain the 4DCT sets and respiratory frequency information of the patients. The moving ranges of the tumors in left-right (LR), anterior-posterior (AP) and cranial-caudal (CC) directions were measured from the center coordinate values of gross tumor volume of ten time-phase CT sets in the treatment planning sys-tem. Then a breathing model was used to simulate the tumor motions due to respiration. A 4-dimensional motion table was used to mimic the motion of lung tumor in beams-eye-view (BEV). A 2-dimensional semi-conductor beams measurement system was fixed to the table to measure the 2-dimensional dose distribution of static and dynamic targets using the treatment beams at gantry angle of 0°. Finally, the differences of the dose distribution between the static and moving phantom were compared and analyzed with the statistical soft-ware R. Results When the amplitude (half of the moving rang) in the CC direction was 1 cm, the passing ratio of relative dose difference ≤4% in one beam field was minimal (1.1%), and there was 58% maximal relative dose absence. The 4% passing ratios media in the CC direction were 94.7%, 79.4%, 58.6% and 37.1% in <0.25, 0.25-<0.50, 0.50- <0.75 and ≥0.75 mm amplitude (X<'2>=29.20,P=0.000), but were all similar in the AP and LR directions. The mean value of the relative dose change in the high dose area was smaller than the low dose area in the 89% beam fields. When only the CC direction was consid-ered, the 4% passing ratio of 3.6 s and 8.2 s period was 72% and 60%, respectively. Conclusions The amplitude in the CC direction is a factor impacting the dose distribution of the moving target. The influence of respiratory motion on high dose area is more than that on low dose area. When the other respiratory param-eters are fixed, the motion of long period has more influence on the dose than that of short period. Special at-tention should be paid to the patients with tumor of more than 0.5 cm amplitude in the CC direction when planning the intensity modulated radiotherapy.

Objective To optimize the best extraction technology of total flavonoids in Wudang pine needle tea.Methods The contents of total flavonoids were taken as index, and orthogonal design of L9(34) was applied to process ultrasonic extraction.Results The order of factors of affecting extraction technology was solid to liquid ratio > ultrasonic power > ultrasonic time. The optimized extraction technology was as follows: adding 500 times volume of purified water, ultrasonic extracting for 15 minutes with ultrasound power 500 W at 40℃. The average content of total flavonoids was 39.701 mg/g.Conclusions The optimal extraction technology is simple, efficient and feasible, and can be used for extracting total flavonoids from Wudang pine needle tea, providing basis for the formulation of quality standards.