Objective Analysis the bacteria distribution and drug resistance change in our hospital from 2011 to 2013 ,and pro‐vide evidence for clinical rational use of antimicrobial drugs .Methods Isolate all kinds of pathogens from outpatient ,inpatient from 2011 to 2013 in statistics and the analysis of drug resistance .Results The top four highest separation rates were Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus .Methicillin‐resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) separation rate of 3 years were 52 .17% ,57 .9% ,55 .52% respectively .Conclusion Production extended spectrum β‐lactamases (ELBLs) of Escherichia coli has a tendency to increase;the third generation cephalosporins and aztreonam resistance rates also show an upward trend ,Carbapenems Enterobacteriaceae is still the most active drugs;Glycopeptides ,linezolid ,moxifloxacin ,and rif‐ampicin always maintain a high activity against MRSA ;the resistant rates of non‐fermenting bacteria is higher ,we need to concerned about the emergence of multi‐drug resistant .Recommend giving antibiotics under the guidance of susceptibility results .

Objective To investigate the effects of exercise on serum soluble cell adhesion molecules and cytokines of patients with dyslipidemia. Methods Eighty patients with dyslipidemia were randomly and equally divided into an exercise group and a control group. The control group was treated with pravastatin,while exercise was administered in the exercise group in addition to the pravastatin. Both groups were observed for 8 weeks. Results Serum leves of soluble endothelial leucocyte adhesion molecule 1(sELAM),soluble intercellular adhesion molecule(sICAM 1)and interleukin 1?(IL 1?)of patients in both groups were decreased significantly. Moreover,serum levels of soluble vascular cell molecule 1(sVCAM 1)and tumor necrosis factor ?(TNF ?)in addition to sELAM,sICAM 1 and IL 1? were decreased significantly in the exercise group,with a significantly better result in the exercise group as compared with that of the control group. Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation of individual sELAM,sICAM 1 and sVCAM 1 with blood total cholesterol(TC),and negative correlation of individual sELAM,sICAM 1 and sVCAM with high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL C)in exercise group. Conclusion Adequate exercise has beneficial effects on patients with dyslipidemia by reducing serum levels of soluble adhesion molecules and the production of proinflammatory cytokines,which was realized possibly through modulating serum lipids and improving endothelial dysfunction.

Objective To investigate the correlations between chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn) infection and acute myocardial infarction(AMI). Methods Specific antibodies and DNA to Cpn were measured in 51 patients with AMI(AMI group),42 patients with elderly myocardial infarction (OMI group) and 31 normal controls (NC group), 33 patients(UC group)who had no angiographic evidence of coronary artery disease. Moreover,the levels of fibrinogen(Fg),6-ketoprostaglandin f1alpha(6-Keto-PGF1?),thromboxane B2(TXB2) and P-selection(GMP 140) were determined in the four groups. Results The prevalence of Cpn IgG antibody was associated with AMI(OR 3.65).Adjustment for the major cardiovascular risk factors did not attenuate this correlation(OR 3.17). Those who were Cpn positive in the AMI group had significantly higher levels of Fg,TXB2 and GMP 140, and a significantly lower level of 6-Keto-PGF1? than those who were Cpn negative in the same group.Correlation analysis revealed that the average concentration of IgG antibody to Cpn was positively associated with the levels of Fg,TXB2 and GMP140 but negatively associated with the level of 6-Keto-PGF1? in the Cpn positive patients of the AMI group. Conclusions There is a significant correlation between Cpn infection and AMI. Cpn infection is associated with the levels of Fg,TXB2, 6-Keto-PGF1? and GMP140 in plasma.

ObjectiveTo investigate the correlations between Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection and acute myocardial infarction(AMI).MethodsSpecific antibodies and DNA to HSV-1 were measured in 51 patients with AMI(AMI group),42 patients with old myocardial infarction (OMI group) and 31 normal controls (NC group) who had no angiographic evidence of coronary artery disease.Moreover,the changes of and relationships between fibrinogen(Fg),6-Keto-prostaglandin-F 1? (6-Keto-PGF 1? ),Thromboxane B 2 (TXB 2 ),P-selection(GMP 140 ) and HSV-1 infection were determined in the three groups.ResultsThe prevalence of HSV-1IgG antibody was associated with AMI(OR4.266).Adjustment for the major cardiovascular risk factors didn't attenuate this correlation(OR3.321).Those who were HSV-1 positive in the AMI group had significantly higher levels of Fg,TXB 2 and GMP 140 and a significantly lower level of 6-Keto-PGF 1? than those who were HSV-1 negative in the same group.Correlation analysis revealed that the average concentration of IgG antibody to HSV-1 was positively associated with the levels of Fg,TXB 2 and GMP 140 but negatively associated with the level of 6-Keto-PGF 1? in the HSV-1 positive patients of the AMI group.ConclusionThere is a significant correlation between HSV-1 infection and AMI.HSV-1 infection is associated with Fg,TXB 2 ,6-Keto-PGF 1? and GMP 140 .

Objective To investigate the correlations between chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn) infection and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods Specific Cpn antibodies and the DNA were measured in 51 patients with AMI (AMI group), 42 patients with old myocardial infarction (OMI group) and 31 normal controls (NC group) who had no angiographic evidence of coronary artery diseases. Moreover, the changes of and relationships between fibrinogen (Fg), hemorheological parameters and Cpn infection were determined in the three groups. Results The positive rates and levels of Cpn IgG and Cpn IgM in the AMI group were higher than those in the NC group (P

Objective To study the changes in heme oxygenase-1/endogenous carbon monoxide system in rabbit aorta with atherosclerosis induced by high cholesterol diet, and the influence of the system on the atherosclerotic process. Methods Rabbits were given 1.5% cholesterol diet (Ch group, n=8) or 1.5% cholesterol diet plus hemin(15mg?kg~ -1 ?d~ -1 , ip., Hm group, n=8) or zincprotoporphyrin IX (Znpp-IX,45?mol?kg~ -1 ?d~ -1 , ip., Zn group, n=8).After 12 weeks,serum lipids and total bilirubin, aortic CO protduction and HO activity were assessed, the area of atherosclerotic plaques in aorta were measured by oil-red-O staining and image analysis software. Results Compared with control group (C group, n=8), aortic HO activity and CO production were higher significantly, and the aortic plaques area was (54.00?4.16)% in Ch group. Znpp-IX injection markedly decreased aortic HO-1 activity and CO production, the aortic plaques area was (61.13?3.50)%. Compared with Ch group, hemin injection increased markedly not only serum total bilirubin concentration, but also aortic HO activity and CO production, and the aortic plaques area was (17.88?3.01)%. Conclusion The HO-1/CO system may play a protective role against atherosclerosis. Enhancement of HO-1 activity is possibly the basic function of HO-1/CO system in prevention of atherosclerosis.

AIM:Aquaporins (AQP) are very important for the water transport across cell membrane. There are at least 10 mammalian AQPs( aquaporins 0-9) distributed in various organs and different kinds of cells. Each AQP has a distinct organ distribution, and this distribution could be useful in presuming the biological function of the aquaporin. The aim of this study was to figure out the distribution of aquaporin 7 (AQP7) and aquaporin 8(AQP8).METHODS：Semi-quantified RT-PCR was employed in this research. The ratio of OD value of target gene products divided by which of control gene products was calculated. Among 35 organs, testis, epididymis, skin, muscle, rectum, lung, bronchus, lymph node, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon, pancreas, liver, gall bladder, spleen, mammary gland, uterus, placenta, tonsil, urinary bladder, thyroid came from normal area of removed samples during operation. cDNA library of Prostate, thymus, salivary gland, penis, carotiol artery, adrenal gland, occipital lobe of brain, temporal lobe of brain, frontal lobe of brain, parietal lobe of brain, mid brain, choroid plexus are purchased from OriGene biotechnique company.RESULTS：①AQP 7 mRNA was found in testis, muscle, gall bladder, carotiol artery, lymph node and adrenal gland, and maximum expression of AQP 7 was in testis.②AQP 8 mRNA was found in pancreas, testis, skin and colon. and maximum expression of AQP 8 was in pancreas.CONCLUSION:Coexistence of AQP 7 and 8 in testis was confirmed, which suggested that both of these two aquaporins were involved in the regulation of testis function.

Objective To investigate the mechanisms of metformin (Met) for protecting H9C2 myocardial cells damage induced by saturated fatty acids (palmitic acid,PA) in rats.Methods Rat H9C2 myocardial cell lines in blank control group,PA group and three different concentrations of metformin and PA combination groups were cultured for 24 h.Then Western blot was adopted to detect the protein expression of nuclear factor κB p65 (NFκB p65),intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1),phosphorylated inhibitor of nuclear factor κB (p-IκBα) and phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase(p-AMPK);the quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression of nuclear factor of nuclear factor κB(NFκB),chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) andintercellular cell adhesion molecule-1(ICAM1).Results Compared with the control groups,the protein expression of NFκB p65,p-IκBα and ICAM1 in the PA group was increased (P<0.05);compared with the PA group,the protein expression of NFκB p65,IκBα and ICAM1 in the Met+PA combination groups was decreased in various degrees with the Met concentration increase (all P<0.05),while the protein expression of p-AMPK was significantly risen with the Met concentration increase (all P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the mRNA expression of CCL2 and ICAM1 in the PA group was increased (P<0.05);compared with the PA group,the mRNA expression of CCL2 and ICAM1 in the Met+PA combination groups was decreased (P<0.05).Conclusion Met can alleviate H9C2 myocardial cellular damage caused by saturated fatty acid inducing increase of CCL2 and ICAM1 expression.

AIM: Aquaporins(AQP) are very important for the water transport across cell membrane. Aquaporin 7(AQP 7) and aquaporin 8(AQP8) expressed in the rat testis, but the biophysical functions of these two aquporins in testis and the regulatory mechanism of their expression remain unclear. The aim of this study was to find out if the expression of these two aquporins was correlative with the function of testis, and if panaxadiol saponins (PDS) affected their expression. METHODS: 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks old rats were divided into saline and PDS injection groups. Semi-quantified RT-PCR method was employed to detect aquaporin 7 and 8 gene expression: using total RNA extracted from rat testis as PCR template, then using optical scanner to measure the OD value of bands on agrose electrophoresis. OD value of target gene products was divided by which of contol gene. The ratio was identified as the quantity of target gene expression. Western blot was also employed to detect expression of these two proteins in the testis. RESULTS: ①OD value of AQP 7 mRNA products in testis of 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks rats were 48 227, 51 536, 59 567 respectively and the ratio divided by OD value of control gene was 0.82, 0.85, 0.99; OD value of AQP 8 mRNA products in testis of 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks rats were 23 092, 39 302, 43 316 respectively, the ratio divided by OD value of control gene was 0.39, 0.65, 0.72. Thus, AQP 7 and 8 mRNA expression increased with age. ②After PDS injection for 2 weeks. AQP 7 and 8 mRNA expression in 4 weeks old rats increased to 0.97 and 0. 72,which in control group were 0. 82 and 0. 39; the ratio decreased to 0.77 and 0.55 in 8 weeks old rats, which in control group were 0.85 and 0.65. There was no PCR product of neither aquaporins in 12 weeks old PDS injected rats, except products of control gene. ③ Western blot of AQP 7 and 8 protein showed little difference between PDS and saline injected 12 weeks old rats. CONCLUSION: ①Quantity of AQP 7 and AQP 8 expression was related to testis function of rats. ②PDS influenced the expression of AQP 7 and AQP 8 mRNA, perhaps by promoting the secretion of LH in pituitary.

Objective: To study effect of small ubiquitin related modifier protein 1 (SUMO1) in inflammatory reactions mediated by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and nuclear factor (NF)-κB in myocardial damage of rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: A total of 20 Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats with spontaneous diabetes mellitus (DM) were randomly divided into group DM1 (pure DM group, n=10) and group DM2 (DM+high-fat diet group, n=10), and another 10 normal Wistar rats were regard as healthy control group. Expressions of SUMO1, TNF-α and NF-κB were measured by immunohistochemical method. Results: 1. Levels of blood glucose and TG in group DM1 and group DM2 were significantly higher than those of healthy control group, and those of DM2 group were higher than of DM1 group ,P<0.05 all; 2. Myocardial cells lined up in order and there was no hypertrophy in group DM1; but those in group DM2 showed cells loosely lined up and hypertrophy under light microscope; 3 Immunohistochemical assay indicated that expression of SUMO1 in group DM2 and DM1 group were significantly higher than those of healthy control group [(44.5±1.1) vs. (27.2±2.2) vs. (21.7±3.0)], and of group DM2 was significantly higher than that of DM1 group (P<0.01 all); expression of TNF-α in group DM2 and group DM1 were significantly higher than that of healthy control group [(27.5±1.5) vs. (20.2±2.7) vs. (13.1±1.6)], and of DM2 group was significantly higher than that of group DM1 (P<0.01 all)；expression of NF-κB in group DM2 and group DM1 were significantly higher than that of healthy control group [（30.1±1.7）vs.40.7±1.5）vs.（16.0±2.6）], but of group DM1 was significantly higher than that of group DM2 (P<0.01 all). Conclusion: There are obvious metabolic disorders of glucose and lipid in T2DM rats, and complicated morphological changes of myocardial tissues similar to myocardial lesions in DM humans; the expressions of SUMO1, NF-κB and TNF-α significantly increase, suggest SUMO1 takes part in inflammatory reaction mediated by NF-κB, TNF-α in myocardial lesion of rat with T2DM，and may inhibit NF-κB, possesses effect of protect myocardium.