Goal To research the major factors affecting medical undergraduates' employment.Method In combination with quantity and quality,we reasonably analyzed the factors affecting the employment of Grade 2006 undergraduates in a Medical University in Chongqing.Result The major factors consist of the inadequate knowledge、the increased condition admission、hidden rule and the unreasonable objects.Conclusion Medical universities should try their best to adapt to the development of the society and medical students should try to become the useful talents.

Objective To evaluate the image quality of dynamic three-dimensional contrast enhanced ultrasonography(3D-CEUS) in liver tumors.Methods Twenty-five patients were examed with 2D-CEUS and dynamic 3D-CEUS.Contrast-enhanced computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging(CECT/MRI) were performed early or late.Two readers reviewed the images of both modalities and graded the images according to diagnostic criteria as follows:tumor blood fusion in arterial phase(unclear-score 0,moderate-score 1,clear-score 2),tumor boundry and relationship with periphery tissues (unclear score 0,moderate-score 1,clear-score 2).The concordance between the two modalities for showing liver tumors was evaluated by Kappa test.Results Twenty-three of 25 danymic 3D-CEUS were displayed successfully versus total objects in CECT/ MRI.Among them,for showing blood fusion,16 lesions scored 2,7 lesions scored 1,2 lesions scored 0 in danymic 3D-CEUS,meanwhile 18 lesions scored 2,7 lesions scored 1,0 lesion scored 0 in CECT/MRI,the Kappa value was 0.65.For showing tumor boundry and relationship with peripherytissues,16 lesions scored 2,7 lesions scored 1,2 lesions scored 0 in danymic 3D-CEUS,meanwhile 21 lesions scored 2,4 lesions scored 1,0 lesion scored 0 in CECT/MRI,the Kappa value was 0.52.Conclusions Danymic 3D-CEUS was shown to be useful for displaying tumor blood fusion,boundry and relationship with periphery tissues in single liver tuomor,the concordance between dynamic CEUS and CECT/MRI for single liver tuomor was fair.For huge liver tumor and multi-tumors,3D-CEUS can not give overall information.

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of arginine vasopressin receptor antagonist tolvaptan for treating hyponatremia caused by syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).Methods Six patients diagnosed with SIADH were enrolled in this study.Four cases were allocated to tolvaptan group (oral tolvaptan 15-60 mg/d,the dosage was adjusted based on the level of serum sodium).Two cases were allocated to regular treatment group (liquid was limited 1 000 ml/d,intravenous drip was less than 3％ sodium chloride and/or oral salt capsule 10-15 g/d several times was adjusted based on the level of serum sodium).Data of the level of serum sodium at 4,7 d,baseline value of serum sodium,serum sodium at the first normal time,24 h urine and weight change were collected.Safety assessment was given before and after treatment,including medical history,physical examination,electrocardiogram,laboratory tests,and incidence of adverse events.Results The level of serum sodium in tolvaptan group increased from the first day of the treatment.During the period of treatment,serum sodium at 4 d increased 22,16,14,11 mmol/L compared with the baseline value respectively.No obvious change of sodium was observed in regular treatment group compared with the baseline value.For 7 d treatment,serum sodium level increased 14,13,14,13 mmol/L in tolvaptan group compared with the baseline level respectively.Only 2 cases in regular treatment group increased 4 mmol/L,and sodium level in regular treatment group did not reach the lower limit of normal level of serum sodium.In tolvaptan group,all patients urine output increased after 1 d treatment and began to stabilize in 3 d.24 h urine putouts were much more than 1 500 ml during treatment.Urine putouts 780-1 400 ml were observed in regular treatment group.There was no difference before and after treatment.Although weight dropped after treatment in the two groups,weight in tolvaptan group fell obviously.In the two groups,there was no difference in blood pressure and heart rate before and after treatment.There were no serious complications and adverse events.Conclusions Compare with regular treatment,arginine vasopressin receptor antagonist is more effective therapy because it can correct the SIADH in patients with hyponatremia and reduce water retention.It also has a good security.

Objective:To discuss the role of clinical pharmacists in avoiding, eliminating and alleviating the effect of medical dis-putes caused by adverse drug reaction ( ADR) and provide reflections and suggestions for the disputes. Methods:Clinical pharmacist participation in the treatment of one case of dispute caused by serious adverse drug reaction was described and analyzed. Results:Clini-cal pharmacists provided opinions and suggestions for the dispute, and promising effect was obtained. Conclusion: Clinical pharma-cists should have excellent medical knowledge and good communication skills, and medical personnel should closely monitor patients in order to avoid medical disputes caused by ADR.

Objective The purpose of this study is to explore the expression of 12 tumor Markerss in the serum of colon cancer patients by C 12 tumor marker protein chip ,screening most valuable Markers for diagnosis . Methods C12 tumor Marker of protein chips were used for 12 sorts of tumor marker detection among 60 CRC patients and 40 healthy controls ,address the most valuable tumor marker relative to colon cancer and contribution of combinations effect on diagnosis .Result CEA+CA199+CA242+Bete-HCG combination diagnosis has the highest effectivity and diagnosis sensitivity was greatly improved by combination detection .The optimized diagno-sis showed no significant tendency to be correlated with age ,sex,differentiation stage,pathology,Lymph node me-tastasis,clinical stage.Conclusion It is of importance to use sera CEA +CA199+CA242+Bete-HCG detec-tion as markers for colon cancer diagnosis ,which may improve diagnosis efficiency .

Objective:To explore the correlation between serum cystatin C (Cys C)content and renal function in aged patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Methods:Clinical data of 237 aged BPH patients were retro-spectively analyzed.According to international prostate symptom score (IPSS),they were divided into mild group (n=25),moderate group (n=67)and severe group (n= 145);another 110 patients without prostatic hyperplasia were enrolled as normal control group in the same period.Levels of serum Cys C,blood urea nitrogen (BUN),ser-um creatinine (Scr),fasting blood glucose (FBG),blood lipids and prostate-specific antigen (PSA)were measured in all groups,and prostate volume (PV)was calculated.Results:Compared with normal control group,PV signifi-cantly rose [(18.94±4.62)ml vs.(40.09±12.72)ml],maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax)significantly reduced [(18.67±4.60)ml/s vs.(9.93±3.54)ml/s],and serum Cys C level significantly increased [(1.03±0.23)mg/L vs.(1.53±0.61)mg/L]in BPH group,P <0.01 all.Subgroup analysis indicated that serum Cys C levels in mild, moderate and severe group [(1.32±0.45)mg/L,(1.42±0.32)mg/L,(1.61 ±0.64)mg/L]were significantly higher than that of normal control group,P <0.01 all;and that of severe group was significantly higher than those of mild group and moderate group (P <0.01 or P <0.05).Pearson correlation analysis indicated that serum Cys C level was positively correlated with of age,SBP,DBP,FBG,BUN,Scr,PV and IPSS (r=0.179~0.580,P <0.05 or P <0.01),and inversely correlated with Qmax (r=-0.243,P <0.05)in BPH patients.Conclusion:Serum Cys C level significantly rise,and related with BPH degree,correlated with renal function in aged BPH patients,which can be used to predict renal function of these patients.

Objective Aortic dissection is accute in occurrence along with fast change , which is inclined to to induce psy-chotic symptoms and affect the lives of patients .The study was to investigate the effects of healthcare cooperative intervention on pa-tients with psychiatric symptoms secondary to aortic dissection . Methods We established medical cooperation organization structure to clarify the division of responsibility along with a quick assessment form , a process chart and a green channel for emergencey treat-ment.The above method was applied to intervene 32 patients with psychiatric symptoms secondary to aortic dissection and observe the diagnosis time , the time from diagnosis to surgery , the remission time of psychiatric symptoms , the incidence of adverse events and the length of stay. Results 32 patients were diagnosed within 30min followed by emergency surgery within 30min after diagnosis, which was 1-2 hours shorter than the previous diagnosis and surgery preparation time .5-21 d after surgery , psychiatric symptoms have been effectively controlled.Extubation, falling out of bed, self-injury or injury and other adverse events did not occur .No patient died, and the average length of stay was 13.5d, which was 1.75d shorter than the length of stay of previous similar patients . Conclusion The healthcare cooperation method can quickly identify patients with psychiatric symptoms secondary to aortic dissection , prevent adverse events and shorten the length of stay .

This study was aimed to establish a method to determine the content of phenolic acids in the soil of cultivation base ofCoptis chinensis, in order to study the accumulation and decrease law of phenolic acids. The content of total phenolic acid was determined by ferric chloride-ferricyanatum calcium colorimetric method. Thecontent of ferulic acid in Coptis chinensis was determined by HPLC. The results showed that the contents of total phenolic acid and ferulic acid in the soil of cultivation base of Coptis chinensis were in the range from 0.545-0.026 mg·g-1 and 0.139 to 0.652 μg·g-1, respectively. It was concluded that the variation of phenolic acids in the soil of cultivation base ofCoptis chinensis was obvious. With the increase of growth age of Coptis chinensis, the contents of total phenolic acid and ferulic acid in the soil of cultivation base of Coptis chinensis were increased in the cultivation period. With the increase of fallow age, the contents of total phenolic acid and ferulic acid in the soil of cultivation base ofCoptis chinensis showed decrease tendency in the fallow period of Coptis chinensis. The variation tendency of phenolic acids contents in the soil of cultivation base ofCoptis chinensis can be referred to in the study of the continuous cropping obstacle of Coptis chinensis.

ObjectiveTo analyze clinical manifestations and treatment of eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE) in children.MethodsThe clinical data of 10 children with EGE under the treatment from June 2014 to June 2012 were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsThere were 10 children (6 males and 4 females) aged from 9 months to 14 years. Clin-ical symptoms of eight preschool and school age children included abdominal pain (8 cases), vomiting (4 cases), diarrhea (3 cases), ascites (3 cases), rash (3 cases), fever (2 cases) and hypoalbuminemia (2 cases). Clinical symptoms of two in-fant and toddler were diarrhea and hematochezia. Peripheral blood eosinophils were increased in 10 children. IgE was elevated in 9 children. One child had very high C-reactive protein. Endoscopic examination showed mucosal congestion, swelling, erythema, erosion. Multiple sites of biopsy showed eosinophil count> 20/HP. One child was diagnosed by lap-aroscopic exploration. The treatment included diet avoidance, omeprazole, anti-allergic drug. Four children were treated with corticosteroids. All children had been followed up for 6 months to 2 years. One child had relapsed.Conclusion The clinical manifestations of EGE are various. Endoscopic biopsy is necessary for diagnosis. Laparoscopy also is help-ful for diagnosis. Dietary and glucocorticoid therapy were effective.

Objective To explore the significance of serum cystatin C (Cys C)and β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) levels in blood and urine samples in hypertension grading and risk stratifying. Methods One hundred and thirty six cases with primary hypertension were enrolled into the study and classified into three grades and four risk stratifications. The serum Cys C levels were determined by ELISA assay. The blood and urine β2-MG were measured by radioimmunoassay. The serum BUN, Cr concentration were measured by the automatic biochemical analyzer. Results The positive rates of urine β2-MG were the highest index in patients with grade 1 (32%) and low risk hypertension( 8% ) ,followed by serum Cys C levels( grade 1 hypertension 24% ) ,compared with other indices( Ps ＜ 0. 05 ). With the blood pressure elevating, as well as the risk stratification increasing,serum Cys C level and the blood, urine β2-MG levels increased gradually by grading and stratifications (Ps ＜0. 05 or Ps ＜0. 01 ). We also found linear regression relationship between serum Cys C ,urine β2-MG levels and the risk stratifications of hypertension( r =0. 851 and r =0. 469 respectively,Ps ＜0. 01 ). The significant changes of serum BUN,Cr were only found in patients with grade 3 or very high-risk hypertension. Conclusion Joint detection of serum Cys C and urine β2-MG may help to detect early glomerular and tubular dysfunction in primary hypertension patients. Serum Cys C and blood, urine β2-MG levels are also related with the occurrence and development of hypertension,which show clinical significance in hypertension prognosis.