AIM: To investigate the preoperative binocular visual function of intermittent exotropia and the rebuilding and recovery of the postoperative binocular visual function, and analyze the effect of binocular visual function on orthophoria after surgery.
METHODS:From January 2011 to January 2014, 47 basic intermittent exotropia patients caming for treatment were collected in the clinical data. The changes in their near stereopsis, binocular visual function, binocular fusion and distance stereopsis after operations were recorded in the form of data. The preoperative binocular vision and the postoperative rebuilding were analyzed and contrasted with each other. In addition, the effect on the postoperative maintaining of orthophoria due to the existence, recovery and rebuilding of binocular visual function were observed.
RESULTS:Intermittent exotropia patients got damage in different levels on their binocular visual functions, especially on distance stereopsis, which was the heaviest and earliest. After the operation, all functions were obviously recovered and reconstructed and the improvements were statistically significant compared against those before the operation (P<0. 01). Patients having binocular visual function or part of it before the operation had a higher ratio of orthophoria compared against the patients who had lost binocular visual function before the operation and the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 01). The recovery and reconstruction of the postoperative binocular visual function played an important role in maintaining the orthophoria.
CONCLUSION: The intermittent exotropia cause damage to the stereopsis which happened the earliest. Obvious recovery and reconstruction of binocular visual function can be observed after the surgery. A relatively good preoperative binocular visual function may lead to the increase in the ratio of orthophoria or cure the intermittent exotropia. Performing an operation when distance stereopsis is damaged can increase the success rate for the surgery and reduce the recurrence rate.

Objective To further identify the isolated Mycoplasma genitalium (Mg) from the high risk population of STD in China. Mothods The morphology of Mg standard strains and clinical isolates were observed under electron microscopy (EM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Mg sample preparation for AFM was fixed on mica and AFM images of scanning observation were captured by contacting and tapping modes and operated under normal atmospheric pressure and temperature. Results and Conclusion Mg had a diversity of shapes, including flask, pear, spindle or round shape with projecting neck portion and slightly broadened terminal structure under EM. The morphologic features under AFM were similar to those observed by EM. The typical Mg showed shapes of flask and pear with noticeable narrow ring or mark in the neck portion. The size of Mg measured under EM and AFM was similar as well. Mycoplasma

Objective To systematically review findings on the effectiveness and safety of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for treating Parkinson's disease. Methods Foreign and Chinese databases were searched to find relevant trials. The searches were supplemented by searching the reference lists of the published trials. The studies were separated into two groups: those applying TMS at frequencies higher than 1 Hz, and those at 1 Hz or lower. Meta-analysis was performed with the aid of RevMan 5.0 software. Results Both low-frequency and highfrequency TMS can significantly reduce total scores on the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) compared with sham stimulations. High-frequency TMS can significantly reduce UPDRS motor scores compared with sham stimulations. On the other hand, low-frequency TMS studies showed no significant overall improvement in motor scores, mental scores or in the activities of daily living (ADL) UPDRS scores. Low-frequency and high-frequency TMS studies also showed no significant overall improvement in Schwab and England ADL scores. Conclusions TMS therapy is safe and partially effective for treating Parkinson's disease.

OBJECTIVE: To establish methods for screening of macromolecules in traditional Chinese medicine injections by molecular exclusion chromatography (SEC). METHODS: The separation was carried out by SEC with Phenomenon BioSep-SEC-s2000 (7.8 mm×300 mm, 8 μm) column. The mobile phase was 0.05 mol·L-1 Na2SO4, and differential detector was used when dextran was used as the reference standard. When proteins were used as reference standards, the mobile phase was the mixture of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid and acetonitrile (70-30), and UV detector was selected. RESULTS: With the differential detector, the molecular weight range of dextran was 7100-133800, and the limit of detection was 0.0979 μg; with the UV detector, the molecular weight range of the proteins was 1638-13700, and the limit of detection was 0.00358 μg. No macromolecules were detected in the selected traditional Chinese medicine injections. CONCLUSION: The proposed method can be used for the screening of macromolecules in traditional Chinese medicine injections.

Objective To find the key proteins associated with metastasis of ovarian cancer, and find potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets of this malignancy. Methods A comparative proteomic strategy, in a combination of two-dimensional electrophoresis separation and mass spectrometry identification, was adopted to search for proteome alternations in an ovarian cancer mother cell line HO-8910 and its highly metastatic cell subline HO-8910PM. Results Twenty-one significantly different spots (two-fold increase or decrease) were detected between the two cell lines, of which 17 candidate proteins were successfully identified and characterized. Compared with those in HO-8910 mother cell line, 16 proteins were significantly up-regulated, while 5 proteins down-regulated in the highly metastatic cell subline HO-8910PM. The seventeen identified proteins could be functionally classified into 7 groups as following: zinc finger protein, calcium-binding protein, DNA repair and synthesis protein, cell regulatory protein, metabolism-related protein, cell surface antigen, cell signals and transducing protein. Conclusions The results suggest that an obviously differential proteomic expression exists between the human ovarian cancer mother cell line HO-8910 and highly metastatic cell subline HO-8910PM. It provides a clue for further identification of metastasis-related proteins, novel diagnostic markers as well as therapeutic targets of this malignancy.

Objective To explore the influences of different inductive methods on cartilage repair by tissue engineered cartilage with the seed cell of mesenchymal stem cells.Methods Rabbit mesenchymal stem cells were divided into dexamethasone-inducing group and TGF-?_1-dexamethasone co-inducing group.The cartilage defects were repaired by autologous tissue engineered cartilage constructs.The defects of control group were filled with scaffold without cells.Specimens were harvested 6 and 12 weeks postoperatively and assessed by histological grading and in situ detection of apoptosis.Results The repair tissue formed perpendicular column structure resembling that of normal cartilage in TGF-?_1-dexamethasone co-inducing group.The histological score 12 weeks postoperatively was higher in co-inducing group(20.26?1.35) than those in dexamethasone-inducing group(14.52?1.46) and control group(4.12?1.13).But the formation of tidemark was not observed in the repair tissue.Cells of repair cartilage at the bone-cartilage interface showed apoptosis.The ratios of apoptosis in dexamethasone-inducing group were(21.4?4.5) six weeks postoperatively and(7.3?2.2) twelve weeks postoperatively.The ratios of apoptosis in TGF-?_1-dexamethasone co-inducing group were(19.8?4.7) six weeks postoperatively and(6.9?2.0) twelve weeks postoperatively.The ratios of apoptosis at 6 th week were higher than those at 12 th week postoperatively with statistical significance(P

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of colonoscopy for patients with chronic diarrhea.Methods Data of 2449 patients with chronic diarrhea who underwent colonoscopy from January,1999 to December,2008 were reviewed.A total of 2110 patients who underwent colonoscopy screening for health checkup during the same period were used as controls.The rates of clinic-relevant abnormal endoscopic findings and negative finding were compared between two groups.Results Lesions with clinic significance were found in 44.1％ of patients with chronic diarrhea (1080/2449) and in 41.7％ of controls (870/2110,x2 =2.756,P =0.097).Compared with controls,incidence of non-IBD and noninfectious colitis (x2 =58.578,P ＜ 0.001),IBD (x2 =59.609,P ＜ 0.001),malignant tumor (x2 =21.649,P ＜0.001),terminal ileitis (x2 =6.275,P =0.012),infectious colitis (x2 =17.019,P ＜0.001),intestinal tuberculosis (x2 =7.021,P =0.008),melanosis coli (x2 =6.040,P =0.014) and parasitic infection (x2 =4.245,P =0.039) were all significantly higher in patients with chronic diarrhea.However,incidences of adenomatous polyps (x2 =14.124,P ＜ 0.001),non-adenomatous polyps (x2 =33.427,P ＜0.001) and diverticular disease (x2 =9.921,P =0.002) were significantly higher in the control group.There was no significant difference in incidences of the benign tumor (x2 =1.627,P =0.202) and angiodysplasia (x2 =0.231,P =0.631) between the two groups.The overall screening rate of colonic polyps,diverticulosis,and vascular lesions was 37.3％ in chronic diarrhea group.Conclusion Colonic polyps,diverticulitis,benign tumors and angiodysplasia may not be the causes of chronic diarrhea.Etiology of more than 1/3 patients with chronic diarrhea remains unknown after colonoscopy.

Objective To observe the changes in proliferative activity of and autophagosome formation in human HaCaT keratinocytes and primary keratinocytes after different doses of ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation,and to assess the potential relationship between proliferation impairment and autophagosome formation.Methods Both cultured HaCaT cells and primary keratinocytes from human foreskin were irradiated with different doses (5,10,20and 40 mJ/cm2) of UVB.Those receiving no irradiation served as the control.After additional 12-hour culture,methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was performed to evaluate the proliferative activity of cells,monodansylcadaverin (MDC) staining to detect autophagosomes in cells.The number of autophagosome-positive or negative cells was counted using inverted fluorescence microscopy.Results UVB radiation induced a significant decrease in the proliferation of keratinocytes,especially in that of HaCaT cells.The proliferative activity expressed as the absorbance value at 490 nm was significantly lower in HaCaT cells (1.367 ± 0.035,1.173 ± 0.034 and 0.873 ±0.025 vs.1.519 ± 0.022,all P＜ 0.01) and primary keratinocytes (0.782 ± 0.012,0.773 ± 0.021 and 0.725 ± 0.031 vs.0.887 ± 0.035,all P ＜ 0.05) irradiated with UVB of 10,20 and 40 mJ/cm2 than in the unirradiated control cells.Significant differences were also observed in the proliferative activity among HaCaT cells irradiated with UVB of 10,20 and 40 mJ/cm2.The proportion of autophagosome-positive cells was increased after irradiation with UVB of 5,10 and 20 mJ/cm2,but decreased after irradiation with UVB of 40 mJ/cm2 in keratinocytes,especially in the primary keratinocytes.In detail,the proportion of autophagosome-positive cells was 22.69％ ± 2.15％,28.10％ ± 2.92％ and 22.92％ ± 2.61％ in HaCaT cells irradiated with UVB of 10,20 and 40 mJ/cm2 respectively,significantly higher than that in the unirradiated cells (10.18％ ± 1.50％,chi-square test for trends:x2 =27.48,P ＜ 0.01).No significant changes were observed in the proportion of autophagosome-positive cells in primary keratinocytes after irradiation with UVB of 5,10 and 20 mJ/cm2,but a marked decrease was found after irradiation with UVB of 40 mJ/cm2 compared with unirradiated keratinocytes (chi-square test for trends:x2 =6.86,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions UVB radiation (10-40 mJ/cm2) decelerates the proliferation of HaCaT cells and primary keratinocytes in a dosedependent manner,and primary keratinocytes seem to be more resistant to UVB damage than HaCaT cells.Low to moderate doses (5-20 mJ/cm2) of UVB promote autophagosome formation in HaCaT cells in a dose-dependent manner,and exert no significant influence on that in primary keratinocytes; however,UVB of 40 mJ/cm2 suppresses autophagosome formation in keratinocytes,especially in primary keratinocytes.

To study the regulation of androgen receptor (AR) expression in human prostate cancer LNCaP cells by triptolide (TP) and the possible mechanism, by using qRT-PCR and Western blot, the AR mRNA and protein levels in TP treated LNCaP cells were detected, and the AR protein level in TP and NF-κB inhibitor treated LNCaP cells was also detected; a series of pGL3-AR promoter reporter gene vectors were built using restriction-free cloning method, and the vectors were employed to investigate the effects of TP on the transcriptional activity of AR promoter in LNCaP cells; the upstream proteins which may play regulatory roles were detected using western blot assay. After treated LNCaP cells with TP for 48 h, AR mRNA and protein expressions decreased with increasing TP concentration. The expression of AR target gene PART1 and prostate specific antigen (PSA) was also downregulated by TP treatment; a series of pGL3-AR promoter reporter vectors were constructed and validated by sequencing and luciferase activity; the results of dual luciferase reporter assay showed that TP downregulated AR at the transcriptional level; PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway which is associated with AR promoter activity was drowregulated by TP. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the transcriptional activity of AR in LNCAP cells was downregulated by TP, and PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway may be involved in the regulation mechanism.

Objective To evaluate the effects of ultraviolet A (UVA) on autophagy in human skin fibroblasts (HSFs).Methods Cultured HSFs were randomly divided into chronic and acute UVA radiation groups.HSFs in the chronic UVA radiation groups were irradiated with UVA at 5,10 and 20 J/cm2 separately once a day for 4 consecutive days,with HSFs receiving no radiation serving as the chronic radiation control group;HSFs in the acute UVA radiation groups received a single session of radiation with 5,10,30 and 60 J/cm2 UVA separately,with HSFs receiving no radiation serving as the acute radiation control group.After additional culture for different durations,methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was performed to evaluate the proliferative activity of HSFs,monodansylcadaverin (MDC) staining to determine autophagy levels,and Western blot analysis to track the conversion of the microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain-3 (LC3)-Ⅰ to LC3-Ⅱ.Statistical analysis was carried out by using one-way analysis of variance followed by Students-Newman-Keuls (SNK) test for multiple-group comparisons and by the independent sample t test for two-group comparisons.Results The cellular proliferative activity significantly decreased in the 3 chronic radiation groups at 1 hour after the final UVA radiation compared with the chronic radiation control group (F =155.5,P ＜ 0.05),and in the 4 acute radiation groups at 1,6 and 12 hours after UVA radiation compared with the acute radiation control group (F =1 335,1 649,2 774,all P ＜ 0.05).MDC staining showed that the autophagy levels in HSFs significantly increased in the 3 chronic radiation groups after UVA radiation compared with the chronic radiation control group (F =748.62,P ＞ 0.05),but showed no significant changes in any of the acute radiation groups at 1,6 or 12 hours after UVA radiation compared with the acute radiation control group (F =0.014,0.004,0.002,all P ＞ 0.05).The ratio of LC3-Ⅱ to LC3-Ⅰ was significantly elevated in all the 3 chronic radiation groups at 1 hour after UVA radiation compared with the chronic radiation control group (t =9.002,21.772,18.33,all P ＜ 0.05),but experienced no obvious changes in any of the acute radiation groups at 1,6 or 12 hours after UVA radiation compared with the acute radiation control group (F =0.13,0.27,0.06,all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Chronic UVA radiation can upregulate autophagy levels in HSFs,but acute UVA radiation has no evident effects on it.