Objective To evaluate the sensitivity of three different clinical consciousness scales to patients with disorders of consciousness.Methods A total of 84 patients in vegetative state (VS) were selected and scored by the consciousness scales including Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS),Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) and Chinese Vegetative State Scale (CVSS) respectively.The patients were followed every 2 weeks for 12 weeks or every 4 weeks for 12-24 weeks.The assessment finished in 6 months or till the time when patients emerged from minimally conscious state ( MCS.The diagnostic sensitivity and the sensitivities of each sub-scale in CRS-R were evaluated when the patients with MCS emerged from VS.The diagnostic consistency with other scales was observed and analyzed by Spearman correlation as well.The Spearman -relate was used to analyze the correlations among the total scores of three scales in the patients on admission (36 patients with acute and 48 patients with chronic phase).Results Of 84 VS patients,there were 47 emerged to MCS.CRS-R was the most sensitive in the diagnosis of MCS (P ＜ 0.05 ) among all scales.The visual subscale is the most sensitive among all the CRS-R subscales ( P ＜0.01 ).Among the 84 patients,the remaining 37 were diagnosed as VS by all three scales.The total scores correlation analysis showed that the score of CRS-R significantly correlate with that of GCS in acute and chronic phase ( P ＜0.01 ) and significantly correlate with that of CVSS only in the acute stage ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions It is indicated that CRS-R,especially the visual subscale of CRS-R is the more sensitive tool for detecting.MCS during recovery process in the disorders of consciousness.As to the patients with deep unconsciousness and with no significant recovery,the three instruments are in good agreement to determine the degree of disorders of consciousness.It is suggested that CRS-R can be widely used to assess the level of consciousness in various stages.

Objective To investigate the effects of ultraviolet irradiation on the morphology, cell proli-feration, mutation frequency and level of expression of ATP mRNA in human fibroblasts. Methods The infant foreskin fibroblasts were cultured and irradiated with different doses of ultraviolet A or B (UVA or UVB). Light microscopy was used for observing the morphologic change and cell counting of cell proliferation, HPRT-mutagenesis assay for the mutation detection, and RT-PCR for the expression of ATP mRNA. Results Compared with the control group, the irradiated cultured fibroblasts were damaged, cell growth was retarded (MTT assay showed 2.4 fold increase in the control group but only 0.2 fold in the UVB group 72 h after irradiation). Mutation frequency in 106 colony forming cells was increased from 20.4 ? 6.7 at 20 mJ/cm2 to 97.7 ? 7.1 under 60 mJ/cm2 of UVB irradiation. The expression level of ATP mRNA was down-regulated after UV irradiation. There was an increase of mutation frequency which was UVB dose-dependenct, and decrease of ATP mRNA expression which was dose- and time-dependent. Conclusions After UV irradiation of the cultured fibroblasts, the cell damage and growth inhibition are induced, and the mutation frequency is increased in a UVB dose-depen-dent maaner. The expression of ATP mRNA shows down-regulation in both dose- and time-dependent manner.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the content determination of total flavonoids in Morus alba. METHODS:UV-visible spectrophometry was performed with Al(NO2)3-NaNO2-NaOH color-test at the wavelength of 510 nm with the reference of rutin. RESULTS:The linear range of rutin was 0.031 2-0.156 mg/ml(r=0.999 9);RSDs of precision,stability and reproduc-ibility tests were lower than 2%;recovery was 95.7%-101.0%(RSD=2.1%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,sta-ble and reproducible,and can be used for the content determination of total flavonoids in M. alba.

Human bocavirus (HBoV) 1-4 have been detected both in respiratory and stool samples since the first HBoV was discovered in 2005. HBoV-1 is mostly associated with respiratory infection, while HBoV 2-4 are usually associated with intestinal tract infection. A variety of signs and symptoms have been described in patients with HBoV infection, including cough, wheezing, pneumonia, and diarrhea, but the research on pathogenic mechanism of HBoV is limited because HBoV cannot be cultured in vitro due to the lack of appropriate host cells. Three-dimensional epithelial cell culture, reverse genetics, and viral metagenomics are identified as novel tools that may promote the research on pathogenic mechanism of HBoV and the discovery of new viruses. This review summaries currently available diagnostic approaches such as electron microscopy, cell culture, PCR, and immunoassay in order to provide a method reference for indepth research on HBoV.
Animals ; Human bocavirus ; genetics ; growth & development ; isolation & purification ; pathogenicity ; Humans ; Parvoviridae Infections ; diagnosis ; virology ; Viral Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Virology ; methods ; Virulence ; Virus Cultivation

myocytes.In aging mice induced by D-galactose experiment.TP has anti-apoptosis and anti-oxidation effect in a dose-dependant manner.

Objective:To investigate the effects of IL-18BP blockade on apoptosis of synovial cell in IL-18 induced Collagen-induced-arthritis(CIA) in mice and its possible mechanism.Methods: CIA mice were established by freund′s complete adjuvant,and divided into 5 groups:normal group,CIA model group,IL-18-CIA group,MTX group and IL-18BP group,each for 10,total 50 mice.The expression of Fas and FasL in the synovial tissue of the left posterior ankle joint taken from each group were detected by immunohistochemistry analysis.Results: IL-18BP group compared with the model group,the mice of joint swelling was inhibited,the expression level of Fas and FasL increased significantly,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01);IL-18BP group has a significant curative effect and basically recovered to normal level(P<0.05).Conclusion: IL-18BP can promote the apoptosis of synoviocytes by regulating the expression of apoptosis genes Fas and FasL,which is helpful for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective To detect the expression of translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) tissue and cell lines A431 and SCL-1,and to evaluate the effect of TCTP on apoptosis in and proliferation of SCC cells.Methods An immunohistochemical method was used to measure the expression of TCTP in tissue specimens from 65 patients with SCC.Western blot was performed to detect the expression of TCTP in A431 and SCL-1 cells.Three small interference RNAs (siRNAs) targeting the TPT1 gene were designed,synthesized,and transfected into A431 cells.Then,reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and Western blot were conducted to measure the expression of TPT1 mRNA and TCTP,respectively,methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and flow cytometry were carried out to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis,respectively.Results TCTP was overexpressed in SCC tissue specimens,and the expression level was positively correlated with the histologic grading of SCC (P ＜ 0.05).Western blot showed that TCTP was expressed in both A431 and SCL-1 cells,and the expression was relatively high in A431 cells.The transfection efficiency of siRNAs varied from 90％ to 95％.A decrease in the expression of TPT1 mRNA and TCTP was induced by the siRNAs in A375 cells (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The downregulation of TCTP expression may increase the apoptosis in and suppress the proliferation of A431 cells.

OBJECTIVEThis study is to establish the fingerprint and find out the common chromatographic peaks of Inula cappa by HPLC.

METHODThe HPLC analysis was performed on an Agilent Eclipse Plus C18 column (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 1.8 μm) with 0.1% fomic acid aqueous solution-0.1% fomic acid acetonitrile solution as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.3 · mL(-1) · min(-1); The detective wavelength is 325 nm; The column temperature is 45 °C.

RESULTThe results indicated that 5 of 17 common peaks were identified . The similarity about 10 groups of Inulacappais is over 0.95.

CONCLUSIONThis method is able to be a scientific basis of quality assessment according to its convenient and reliable.

Objective To explore the risk factors of recurrent low hemoglobin(RLH) level among students from 6 to 13 years old, and to formulate strategies and policies in this regard. Methods Surveillance on hemoglobin concentration was conducted among 71 742 students aged from 6 to 13y between 2013-2014 based on the annual physical examination for primary and middle school in Minhang District.Of those students, 670 were diagnosed with low hemoglobin level according to WHO criteria.A 1 ︰ 1 matched case-control study was conducted based on gender, age and school type.Questionnaire surveys for data collection were analyzed using Cox′s proportional hazards regression. Results Factors as pregnancy anemia(OR=2.32, 95%CI:1.49-3.63), non-pregnancy anemia(OR=4.65, 95%CI:1.22-17.69), maternal anemia(OR=2.51, 95%CI:1.50-4.21), drinking strong tea(OR=2.56, 95%CI:1.27-5.13) and dietary bias(OR=1.94, 95%CI:1.45-2.59) were risk factors of recurrent low hemoglobin level.Chewing pencils(OR=1.80, 95%CI:1.25-2.59) or toys(OR=1.79, 95%CI:1.10-2.86) and wasting(OR=3.37, 95%CI:1.11-10.21)might be the risk factors. Conclusion The risk factors of recurrent low hemoglobin level among students aged from 6 to 13 years are related to maternal anemia status and their dietary habits.We should strengthen education for women of child-bearing age, and help to develop healthy eating practices for their babies.Emaciated students should be focused on in this regard.

An 81-year-old male presented with an 8-year history of recurrent ulcer on the left dorsal foot which gradually spread to involve both lower limbs. Physical examination revealed no abnormality of any organ systems and no palpable superficial lymph nodes. Skin examination showed erythematous swelling of the left dorsal foot with an ulcer sized 7 cm × 10 cm on the surface. Tendon was visible at the base of the ulcer, and the ulcer margin was elevated giving a dyke-like appearance. The perilesional skin was purple-brown. There were several millet-like papuloid lesions circularly arranged at the inner side of the right foot as well as dark erythematous or brown nodules and pigmented patches with tenderness on both lower limbs. Histopathology of the ulcer of the left dorsal foot and papuloid lesions on the right foot revealed a visible epidermotropic infiltrate in the epidermis as well as an infiltration throughout the entire dermis with medium-sized atypical lymphoid cells with obvious mitoses. Immunohistochemical examination showed the coexpression of both T cell markers (including CD3, CD45RO, CD43) and B cell marker (CD20), with scatted positive staining for PAX-5and negative staining for CD79α or CD1 9. PCR confirmed the rearrangement of T cell receptor (TCR)-γgene. A diagnosis of peripheral T cell lymphoma unspecified was made in view of the rearrangement of TCR-γgene and above findings. The patient was treated with the following modified CHOP regimen: intravenous cyclophosphamide 0.8 g, leurocristine 2 mg and epirubicin hydrochloride 60 mg, as well as oral prednisone 15 mg twice daily for 5 days every 3 weeks (one treatment session). After 3 treatment sessions, the lesions improved markedly.