BACKGROUND: Research about magnetic drug microsphere has developed rapidly at home or abroad; additionally, previous studies have been focused on glucan, chitosan, and polyester as coating materials; however, gel material has been less reported,in particular gel-coating berberine microsphere has been not reported yet.OBJECTIVE: To prepare berberine magnetic gelatin drug microsphere, and to evaluate drug releasing, loading, and cross-linking using dynamic dialysis and light electron microscope.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Preparation and property of microsphere were performed in Guizhou Yikang Pharmacy Co., Ltd.And Guizhou University from February 2004 to May 2006.MATERIALS: Gel, berberine, glutaraldehyde, liquid paraffin, and Fe_3O_4 were used in this study.METHODS: Magnetic microspheres of berberine drug with gelatin and Fe_3O_4 were prepared by a reverse phase suspension cold-condensation method according to biocompatibility of gel, solidification of glutaraldehyde, and disperse medium of liquid paraffin.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Structure, morphology, drug-loading rate, entrapment efficiency, and in vitro releasing of drug microsphere.RESULTS: The diameter of the microsphere was under 20 urn. Scanning electron microscope demonstrated that Fe_3O_4 and berberine were compounded by gel into a round shape, and the mixture was expressed on micrometer. Ultraviolet absorption and infrared analysis suggested that berberine magnetic gelatin drug microsphere still had structure and property of raw drug. The drug-loading rate of berberine microsphere was 7.2%, the content of Fe_3O_4 was 20.8%, and the entrapment efficiency was 62.6%.the sustained-releasing ability of microsphere was well, and the releasing content counted for 83.5% of total drug within 7 hours.CONCLUSION: The berberine magnetic gelatin drug microsphere which was prepared by reverse phase suspension cold-condensation method characterizes by sample preparation, small diameter, regular morphology, and great sustained-releasing ability.

Objective To survey aesthetics cognition for smiling beauty in young people smile. Methods Smile model was established. The middle incisor width/length ratio, lateral incisor and middle incisor width ratio, difference of lateral incisor and the middle incisor gingival level, gingiva exposure, buccal corridor width and smile line radian were used as variable values to change respectively. A total of 200 young people were selected to evaluate results. The differences in index of ideal value and acceptable range between different dender groups were calculated. Results The ideal value of middle incisor width/length ratio was 0.75, and acceptable range was 0.65-0.85. The ideal value of lateral incisor and middle incisor width ratio was 0.618, and acceptable range was 0.518-0.718. The ideal value of lateral incisor and the middle incisor gingival level difference was-0.5 mm, and the acceptable range was-1-0 mm. The ideal value of gingiva exposure was 0 mm, and the acceptable range was 0-2 mm. The ideal value of buccal corridor was 0.09, and the acceptable range was 0.05-0.21. Coordinate smile was ideal smile line (value=1), and the acceptable range was 0.5-1. There were no statistically significant differences in smile esthetics of six ideal value indicators and acceptable ranges between different gender groups. Conclusion The ideal values and acceptable ranges of six indexes of quantitative criteria can be used for clinical treatment.

Chinese medical culture is an important part of Chinese traditional culture and high-quality resources to cultivate and practice the core values of traditional Chinese medical culture among students.Institutions of Chinese medicine should make full use ofpeople-oriented,harmony,balance,big medicine sincere and other important concepts in Chinese medical culture,enhance the self-confidence of culture combined with the features of contemporary medical students,innovate the cultivation path of the core values of Chinese medical culture,cultivate a number of medical students who have good behavior habits and noble character literacy,thus to make outstanding contributions to the future development of Chinese medical culture.

Objective To summarize the clinical experience of hepatectomy with hepatic artery resection and reconstruction using gastroduodenal artery during radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.Methods From Dec.2004 to Dec.2008,nine cases of hilar cholangiocarcinoma with hepatic artery invasion were subjected to radical resection comhined with tumor invaded hepatic artery resection and reconstruction using gastroduodenal artery.The clinical data of these patients were reviewed.Results Nine cases underwent hilar cholangiocarcinoma radical resection with hepatic artery resection,immediate hepatic artery reconstruction using gastroduodenal artery end to end anastomosis while hepatic artery resection exceeding 1 cm.One patient underwent partial resection of the portal vein and repair using autogenous segment of great saphenous vein.Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy was performed in 9 patients with intrahepatic bile duct stents in 8 patients.All patients suffered from postoperative transient SIRS and recovered within 2-3 days after operation.One patient experienced massive bleeding from the upper alimentary tract 3 day after operation and the bleeding was controlled afterwards.The blood flow in the reconstructed hepatic arteries monitored by Doppler was normal two weeks after operation.There was no inhospital mortality.9 patients were followed up for 1-4 years,the median survival time is 23 months (6 months to 32 months).Conclusion Hepatic artery can be reconstructed using gastroduodenal artery during a radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma,and hepatic artery reconstruction decreases the postoperative complications.

Objective To investigate the levels and distribution of radon in dwellings in Shenzhen cities of China.Methods A total of 108 low-,multi-,middle-and high-rise buildings were selected.Indoor radon concentrations were measured by using solid track detector.Results The arithmetic mean of indoor radon concentrations in Shenzhen was 64 Bq/m3,and geometric mean was 58 Bq/m3,in range of 15 to 155 Bq/m3.The average indoor radon concentration in Bao'an district was 50 Bq/m3 with the lowest value,and that in Pingshan new district was 87 Bq/m3 with the highest value.There were 12 measuring points where indoor radon concentrations were higher than 100 Bq/m3 in Shenzhen,accounting for 11.1％ of the total number.Shapiro-Wilk test showed that the frequency distribution of indoor radon concentration in Shenzhen follows lognormal distribution (P ＞ 0.05).The indoor radon concentrations showed a downward trend from 1990 to 2015.The indoor radon concentration decreases with the elevated floors except 10th and above floors.Conclusions The indoor radon concentrations in Shenzhen increased by 35％,compared to the previous investigations.It is recommended that efforts continue to improve radioactive materials standards about building material and to enhance the natural ventilation in high-rise buildings in order to lower the radiation hazards from radon.

Objective There is still a concern that epidural labor analgesia could affect uterinecontraction.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of epidural labor analgesia on uterinecontraction.Methods Forty ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ primiparous women aged 20-30 yr at full term in normal uncomplicateddelivery were enrolled in this study.They were taller than 1.5 m and weighed less than 100 kg.The amnioticmembrane was artificially ruptured at 3 cm cervical dilation and a catheter was inserted into uterine cavity beyondthe head of the fetus and connected to a maternal-fetal monitor.The patients were randomly divided into 2 groupswith 20 patients in each group:Ⅰ control group received no analgesia and Ⅱ epidural group received continuousepidural analgesia(PCEA).An epidural catheter was placed at L_2-3.After a loading dose of 8-10 ml of the PCEAsolution(0.1% ropivacaine+1 ?g?ml~(-1) fentanyl)PCEA was started(bolus 3 ml,lockout interval 15 min andback ground infusion 6-8 ml?h~(-1)).The height of block was controlled below T_10.Blood samples were taken frommaternal vein at 3 cm cervical dilation(T_1),1h later(T_2)and at delivery(T_3)and from umbilical vein andamniotic fluid was aiso collected for determination of cortisol,PGE_2 and pitocin levels.VAS scores,intrauterinepressure,the frequency and duration of uterine contraction,the use of pitocin(%),incidence of cesareansection,the length of labor and neonatal Apgar scores were recorded.Results The maternal blood eortisolconcentration was significantly lower during PCEA(T_2,T_3)in group Ⅱ than in control group(P

Objective To study the protective role of AngiotensinⅡreceptor inhibitor in ventilator-induced lung injury of rats.Method Forty healthy male SD rats were equally divided into four group (A,B,C,D group,n=10).Group A served as control group,group B had low tidal volume (V_T=10 ml/kg) with breathing rate (P)=80/min;group C had high tidal volume (V_T=40 ml/kg) group with breathing rate 80/min;group D had high tidal volume (V_T=40 ml/kg) group with breathing rate 80/min,all rats in group D were pretreated with Losartan.The duration of ventilation in 'all groups was two hours.Rats were sacrificed after experiment finished. The lung lavage liquid and lung tissue were collected and preserved with well established methods.Lung pathological change was observed by microscope;lung cell apoptosis was assessed with TUNEL;the expression of ANGⅡwas assayed with RT-PCR.The measured variables also included total protein,WBC,W/D,MPO. Results In comparison with B group,all variables in group C were significantly increased (P

Objective To investigate the effects of erythropoietin (EPO) pretreatment on the acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats and the underlying mechanism. Methods Thirty-two male SD rats weighing 180-220 g were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=8 each): group Ⅰ control (C);group Ⅱ EPO;group Ⅲ LPS and group Ⅳ EPO + LPS. EPO 3 000 U/kg was given IP in group Ⅱ , LPS 6 mg/kg was given iv in group Ⅲ . In group Ⅳ EPO 3 000 U/kg was given IP at 30 rain before iv LPS 6 mg/kg, The animals were killed at 4 h after LPS administration. Lung tissue specimens were obtained for microscopic examination. Wet/dry ratio (W/D), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) content in lung tissue were determined. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitrotyrosine (NT) in lung tissue was determined by Western blot. Results W/D ratio, MPO activity, MDA and NO content were significantly increased and iNOS and NT expression was significantly up-regulated in LPS group as compared with control group. EPO pretreatment significantly attenuated the LPS-induced changes in group EPO + LPS. Conclusion EPO pretreatment can ameliorate the acute lung injury induced by LPS by down-regulating iNOS expression and reducing NO production.

ObjectiveTo explore a minimally invasive,reliable,and efficient method for endotracheal intubation to instill lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for preparation of acute lung injury (ALI) in mice.MethodsA total of 80 BALB/C mice was randomly selected into LPS group ( n =40) and control group (Normal saline,NS; n =40).After a successfully endotracheal intubation,each mouse was instilled by LPS (3 mg/kg) in LPS group,and NS ( 1.5 ml/kg) in NS group,respectively.The one-time success rate and final success rate of the endotracheal intubation,and survival rate were recorded.After 24 hours,the total number of cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of left lung was counted with light microscope.The cells were classified and counted after Wright's stain.Total protein concentration in BALF was assayed with a BCA kit.Wet/dry value was calculated after the lung became dry.Artery blood PaO2 was tested and the oxygenation index was counted.ResultsCompared to NS group,the LPS group had the one-time success rate 92.5％,and the final success rate 100％,survival rate 100％,the total number of cells [ ( 10.82±3.51) ×105/mlvs (0.72±0.52)×105/ml.t =-6.294 P ＜0 01]the rate of polymorphonulear leukocytes in total cells [ (93.93 ± 1.77) ％ vs (2.2 ± 0.91 ) ％,t =- 105.565,P ＜ 0.01 ],the rate of mononuclear leukocytes in total cells[ (6.07 ± 1.77)％ vs (97.8 ±0.91 )％,t =- 105.565,P ＜0.01 ],total protein concentration[ (0.49 ± 0.13 ) mg/ml vs (0.29 ± 0.11 ) mg/ml,t =- 2.823,P ＜ 0.05 ],W/D ratio(4.60 ±0.18 vs 4.16 ±0.25,t =-4.793,P ＜0.01 ),PaO2[ (68.57 -±7.23)％ vs(87.00 ±6.33 )％,t =4.571,P ＜ 0.01 ],and oxygenation index [ (326.53± 34.43 )mmHg vs (414.29 ± 30.16)mmHg,t =4.571,P ＜0.01 ].ConclusionsImproved method for endotracheal intubation has high success rate and minimal injury,and instillation of LPS (3 mg/kg)can induce mice ALI successfully.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of adefovir dipivoxil made in China for treating hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B patients.Methods This was a multicenter,double-blinded,randomized controlled trial.Two hundred and thirty-eight patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B were assigned to receive either adefovir dipivoxil(10 mg/d,120 patients)or placebo(118 patients)for 12 weeks in 5 medical centers in China.Then,both groups of patients entered 36 weeks open-labeled adefovir dipivoxil treatment phase(10 mg/d),The rates of serum HBV DNA clearances,alanine aminotransferase levels(ALT)normalization,HBeAg loss and anti-HBe seroconversion were evaluated respectively during and post the 48-week treatment.Results After 12 weeks of treatment,the rates of serum HBV DNA clearance(real-time fluorescent quanti- tative polymerase chain reaction,the detection limit was 1?10~4 copy per milliliter),ALT normaliza- tion,HBeAg loss and anti-HBe seroconversion of adefovir dipivoxil group were all significantly higher than those of placebo group(50.0% vs 5.1%,35.0% vs 8.5%,12.5% vs 2.5% and 5.8% vs 0, respectively,x~2=59.89,24.52,P0.05).The safety profile of adefovir dipivoxil was similar to that of placebo. Conclusions The safety profile and efficacy of domestic adefovir dipivoxil for treating HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients are similar to its counterparts that have been licensed aboard.