Objective To investigate the influence of atherosclerotic reference segments on coronary remodeling by intravascular ultrasound(IVUS) in patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS). Methods One hundred and three consecutively enrolled patients [male 68 cases,female 35 cases,average age (60 ±11) years] with ACS were undergone by coronary artery angiography and IVUS with time selecting operation. The remodeling index(RI) was defined as lesion external elastic membrane cross section aere (EEM CSA) divided by the mean reference EEM CSA at the culprit vessel. Positive remodeling was RI≥ (67 cases), negative remodeling was RI <1(36 cases). The parameters of plaque were analysed between two remodeling groups, as well as compared between distal and proximal references. Results Only one patients do not have plaque at reference sites. In the analysis of 103 lesions and 102 reference sites, there were not significant different in plaque burden,plaque CSA,lumen CSA and lesion EEM CSA between two groups. Distal plaque burden[(39. 76 ±12. 54)% vs (32.38 ± 13.97)%, P <0.001] and plaque CSA [(6.14 ± 3.20)mm2 vs (4. 75 ± 3. 07) mm2, P = 0. 001] were larger than those at proximal reference. EEM CSA at distal reference was smaller than proximal one[(14. 99 ± 4. 12)mm2 vs (28. 37 ± 4. 48)mm2 , P <0. 001]. Plaque burden, plaque CSA and lumen CSA persented positive corelation between distal and proximal reference sites. Conclusions The reference segments lay a severe diffuse atherosclerosis in the group of ACS, which may influence assessment of coronary remodeling. Coronary remodeling as a process, a accurate evaluation could be result from the combination of static and serial approach by IVUS.

Objective:To study protective effect of nitrates pharmacological postconditioning (PI‐PostC) on ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injured myocardium in rats .Methods :A total of 32 Wistar rats were randomly and equally divided into sham operation group ,I/R group ,ischemia postconditioning group (IPostC group) and PI‐PostC group .Myo‐cardial ischemic area ,infract size ,plasma level of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and cell apoptotic index were measured and compared among all groups .Results:Compare with sham operation group ,there was significant rise in plasma cTnI level [ (6.39 ± 2.35)μg/L vs .(70.33 ± 6.94)μg/L vs .(41.19 ± 4.50)μg/L ,(37.47 ± 4.20)μg/L ,P<0.01 all] in I/R group ,IPostC group and PI‐PostC group ,and those of IPostC group and PI‐PostC group were significant‐ly lower than that of I/R group , P<0.01 both .Compared with I/R group ,there were significant reductions in my‐ocardial ischemic area [ (53.31 ± 3.87)% vs .(46.46 ± 2.13)% vs .(42.08 ± 4.84)% ] ,infarct size [ (52.19 ± 3.44)% vs .(41.02 ± 2.93 )% , (38.13 ± 2.05 )% ] and cell apoptotic index [ (26.92 ± 1.91 )% vs . (20.54 ± 3.05)% ,(19.49 ± 2.41)% ] in IPostC group and PI‐PostC group ,P<0.01 all .Compared with IPostC group ,ische‐mic area significantly reduced (P<0.05) in IP‐PostC group ,but there were no significant changes in infarct size , cTnI level and cell apoptotic index between IPostC group and IP‐PostC group , P>0.05. Conclusion:Nitrates phar‐macological postconditioning possesses the same protective effect on myocardial I/R injury as ischemia postcondition‐ing ,and it can reduce myocardial ischemic area more effectively .

AIM: To investigate relevant factors of stem cell transplantation for treating diabetic foot. METHODS: Disposal, outcome, adjuvant method and safety during stem cell transplantation for treatment of diabetic foot were analyzed. RESULTS: ①After autologous stem cells were depurated at a low temperature for 24-48 hours, number of malignant stem cells decreased. Compared to simple stem cell transplantation, tissue regeneration and neovascularization increased after adding fibrin base during transplantation. ②Ankle-brachial index and transcutaneous oxygen pressure were obviously elevated, rest pain and intermittent lameness were improved, new collateral circulation appeared, and arterial blood flow increased in patients undergoing bone marrow stem cell transplantation in the treatment of ischemic disease of lower extremity. ③Chinese medicine for supplement- ing qi and activating blood circulation for stem cell transplantation fully played regulatory effects of biological responses. Adjuvant methods such as ultrasound ablation in combination of stem cell transplantation could significantly increase lower collateral circula- tion of broken popliteal artery. ④No significant adverse reaction or severe outcome was detected in autologous stem cell transplan- tation in a short term. CONCLUSION: ①Autologous stem cells after purified by low temperature can effectively purify malignant stem cells in bone marrow stem cell transplantation. Transplanted outcome can be elevated by adding fibrin. ②Adjuvant methods can enhance outcome of stem cell transplantation. ③Stem cell transplantation for treating diabetic foot has obtained satisfactory outcomes, but some problems still exist.

BACKGROUND: Human apolipoprotein H which characterizes by polymorphism is related to metabolism of triacylglycerol (TG) and function of platelet; therefore, it is suspected that it is possibly related to coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CAHD).OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation among apolipoprotein H(ApoH) exon-8 polymorphism with CAHD and its effect on lipometabolism.DESIGN: Case-controlled observation.SETTING: Department of Cardiology, Haici Medical Group, Qingdao,Shangdong. PARTICIPANTS: 110 CAHD patients selected from Qingdao Haici Medical Group were regarded as CAHD group, and other 100 healthy subjects were regarded as control group.METHODS: 2 mL blood was collected from peripheral vein of all cases. Polymerase chain reaction and technique of restriction fragment length polymorphism were used to determine the genotype of ApoH exon-8; meanwhile, lipids were measured with oxidase technique.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① polymorphism of ApoH exon-8 genotype; ② gene frequency of ApoH exon-8 (Try316Ser); ③ comparisons of lipid level of cases with various genetypes.RESULTS: All 210 cases were involved in the final analysis. ① G1025C (Try316Ser) existed in ApoH exon-8, including types of GG and GC, butnot CC type. ② The frequency of GC in the CAHD group was 25.5％, and the frequency of C allele was 0.13; they were significantly higher than those in control group (10％, 0.05, P ＜0.05). ③ TG level in genotype GC of CAHD group was significantly higher than that both in GG genotype and in any genotype of control group [(1.38±0.24), (1.16±0.10),(1.09±0.78), (1.12±0.76) mmol/L, P ＜ 0.05]. Level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (C-LDL) was higher in CAHD group than that in control group (P＜0.05).CONCLUSION: The polymorphism of ApoH exon-8 is closely related to CAHD and TG level.

Objective To investigate the relationships between vascular factors and plaque morphology in the patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS). Methods lntravascular ultrasound(IVUS) was performed on 56 consecutively enrolled patients with ACS. Cytometric bead array for seven vascular factors(sPE,t-PA, MCP-I, IL-8,IL-6,sVCAM-1, and sCD40L) was measured by cytometry. The others biomarkers were tested by ELISA or biochemistry. Differences in bio-factors were compared between vulnerable plaque and non- vulnerable plaque groups, accte myocardial infarction (AMI) and ustable angina (UA) patients, and occurring plaque rupture. The relationship between the parameters of morphology and vascular factors was analyzed. Results There were positive correlations between sVCAM-1sPE, sVCAM-1-sCD40L, sCD40L-sPE, IL-6-IL8,IL8-MCP4, and MCPI-sVCAM-1; CRP (18.868±4.907mg/L vs 5.806±3.553 mg/L)and IL-6 (19.5 pg/ml [9.2±44.6 pg/ml]vs 5.3 pg/ml [2.3～ 13.4 pg/ml])were elevated in the vulnerable plaque group(P <0.05). sCD40L(473.82±126.11 vs 237.94±34.78 pg/mi),sPE (107.214±39.90 vs 49.06±5.61 μg/L) and MCP-1(132.42±17.85 vs 127.174±13.27 pg/ml) were increased in the plaque rupture group(P < 0.05);There was correlation between tPA and plaque morphology(P < 0.05). Increases in sCD40L, MCP-1, sPE, and TC were independent factors for plaque rupture. Conclusions IL-6 and CRP may be biomarkers for vulnerable plaque and for diagnosis ofAMI, sCD40L, MCP-1 and sPE are potential markers when for plaque rupture patient present with severe ACS.

ObjectiveTo discuss the potential relationship of plaque burden (PB) and coronary remodeling in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients.MethodsNinety-one patients with ACS in Qingdao Municipal Hospital during January 2011 to June 2014 underwent the conventional coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasonography (IVUS). The remodeling of 60 cases were positive (remodeling index [RI]>1) and those of 31 cases were negative (RI<1). All 91 patients were included in this study, including 9 cases (PB<60%), 19 cases (60%≤PB<70%), 48 cases (70%≤PB<80%) and 15 cases (PB>80%). The difference of plaque cross-sectional area (P-CSA), lumen cross-sectional area (L-CSA), external elastic membrane cross-sectional area (EEM-CSA), average EEM-CSA, PB between positive remodeling andnegative remodeling were compared by independent-samplest test. ANOVA was used to compare P-CSA, L-CSA, EEM-CSA and RI among patients with different PB. The relevance of PB, P-CSA, EEM-CSA, L-CSA and RI were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis.ResultsThere were no signifi cant differences in P-CSA, L-CSA, EEM-CSA and PB between patients with positive remodeling and negative remodeling. Average EEM-CSA of patients with negative remodeling were signifi cantly greater than that of patients with positive remodeling ([13.24±1.98] mm2vs [17.30±3.16] mm2,t=2.46,P<0.05). P-CSA, EEM-CSA and L-CSA had signifi cant differences (F=24.56, 28.97 and 7.14,P<0.001) while RI had not statistical signifi cant difference among patients with different PB. With the increase of PB, P-CSA and EEM-CSA increased (P-CSA: [6.01±1.68], [9.12±2.00], [11.42±2.05] and [14.05±4.00] mm2, EEM-CSA: [11.43±1.90], [13.64±2.93], [15.14±2.64] and [16.64±4.08] mm2), L-CSA reduced ([5.44±0.89], [4.52±0.99], [3.72±0.74] and [2.60±0.63] mm2). PB was positively correlated with P-CSA and EEM CSA (r=0.76, 0.50,P<0.001), but was negatively correlated with L-CSA (r=-0.74, P<0.001). RI had no relationship with PB, P-CSA, L-CSA and EEM-CSA.ConclusionsCoronary artery remodeling is a very complicated dynamic process. Except the PB, other factors probably affect the direction of remodeling. RI is not suitable as the index for the assessment of vascular remodeling.

Objective To investigate the relationship between β-fibrinogen (β-Fg) gene -455G/A,- 148C/T polymorphisms and atrial fibrillation (AF) with cerebral infarction.Methods Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to detect the genotypes of -455G/A and -148C/T in 97 patients with AF with cerebral infarction (AF with cerebral infarction group),80 patients with AF alone (AF group),and 98 health subjects (healthy control group).Results The A allele frequencies of -455G/A in the AF with cerebral infarction group and the AF group were 0.304 and 0.344 respectively.They were significantly higher than 0.179 in the healthy control group (all P＜0.05).The T allele frequencies of - 148C/T in the AF with cerebral infarction group and the AF group were 0.348and 0.369,respectively.They were significant higher than 0.240 in the healthy control group (all P＜0.05).Conclusions The A allele of -455G/A and the T allele of -148C/T were associated with AF with cerebral infarction and AF.

Objective To investigate the effects of aging on procollagen α polypeptide gene transcription and protein expression in rat vascular smooth muscle cells.Methods Vascular smooth muscle cells from thoracoabdominal aorta in neonate and 9 months old healthy Wistar rats were cultured in vitro.Results Transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT PCR) and Western blotting were used to detect type Ⅰ and Ⅲ pro-collagen α polypeptide mRNA and protein.The RT-PCR displayed that type Ⅰ procollagen α polypeptide mRNA expression had no significant difference between young group and adult group [(76.62±1.05) vs.(78.37±2.42),P＞0.05].Type Ⅲ procollagen α polypeptide mRNA expression was (105.40 ± 2.66) in young group and (123.10 ± 3.81) in adult group(P＞0.05).Type Ⅰ procollagen α polypeptide mRNA expression was (3.13 ±0.54) in young group and (4.63 ± 1.03) in adult group (P=0.05).Type Ⅲ procollagen α polypeptide mRNA expression had no significant difference between the adult and young groups[(6.86 ±0.41) vs.(7.68±0.63),P＞0.05].Type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ procollagen α polypeptide protein expressions were increased significantly in adult group as compared with the young group [(0.10 ± 0.03) vs.(0.06±0.03),(0.58±0.06) vs.(0.40±0.02),both P＜0.05].Conclusions Aging increases the procollagen α polypeptide level in vascular smooth muscle cell,which may involve in the development of vascular remodeling and atherosclerosis.

Objective To investigate the effects of PTD4-GFP-Apoptin protein on proliferation inhibition and apoptosis-inducing of different types of leukemia cells. Methods Genetic engineering was used to restructure a carrier containing PTD4-GFP-Apoptin gene, and MTT was applied to detect the expressed PTD4-GFP-Apoptin fusion protein and its effect on the leukemia cell proliferation. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to detect the effects on cell apoptosis. Results MTT cell proliferation inhibitory experiment showed that PTD4-GFP-Apoptin had different degree of proliferation inhibition on different types of leukemia cells;furthermore, the inhibitory effect presented positive correlation with time and concentration. FCM showed that PTD4-GFP-Apoptin had apoptosis-inducing effect on HL-60 cells, and the apoptotic rate had significant difference compared with the control group (P <0.05). Conclusions PTD4 can carry large proteins to penetrate the cell membrane, and PTD4-GFP-Apoptin may produce the inhibiting proliferation in vitro for a variety of leukemia cells. Apoptin can induce tumor cell apoptosis without affecting normal cells, which might become a new agent for the clinical treatment of leukemia.

Objective To investigate the effect of glutamine (Gln) on the content of reduced glutathione hormone (GSH) and aminoglutaminic acid (Glu) of spinal cord following ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods Totally 40 healthy adult male rabbits were randomly divided into five groups: sham-operation group (S group), ischemia-reperfusion injury group (I/R group), low-dose glutamine group (L Gln group), median-dose glutamine group (M Gln group) and high-dose glutamine group (H Gln group). After glutamine preconditioning, the model of spinal cord ischemia-reporfasion injury was established according to Zivin's method. The general status of animals was observed and the changes of Jacobs scoring were recorded in each group. Malondialdehydes (MDA), GSH, Glu and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in lumbar spinal cord tissues were determined using chemical colorimetry. The neuron number and deviation rate in spinal cord anterior horn were observed histopathologically. Results There was no significant difference between L Gin group and I/R group in behavior scoring, SOD activity, content of MDA and Glu, neuron number and deviation rate of spinal cord (P>0.05); however, there was a significant difference in GSH content of spinal cord (P<0.05). M Gln group and I/R group differed significantly (P<0.05) in behavior scoring, SOD activity, content of MDA, Glu, GSH, neuron number and deviation rate of spinal cord. Between H Gln group and M Gln group, there was no significant difference in behavior scoring, content of MDA and Glu, SOD activity, neuron number and aberration rate in spinal cord (P>0.05), whereas there was a significant difference in SOD activity and Giu content (P<0.05). Conclusion Pretreatment with medium-dose glutamine has a protective effect on spinal cord ischemia-reporfasion injury in rabbits, which may be related to the maintenance of GSH content, increase of SOD activity and reduction of MDA.