AIM To explore the molecular mechanism of hydroquinone genotoxicity in human bronchial epithelial cells and investigate whether human X-ray repair cross complementing group 1 (XRCC1)was involved in protecting cells from the damage caused by hydroquinone. METHODS XRCC1 gene was knocked down by RNA interference and XRCC1-deficient cell was established by transfected recombinant plasmid pEGFP-C1-pU6-dsRNA. Normal human bronchial epithelial cells (normal cells) and cells transfected with the empty vector of pEGFP-C1 (vector cells) were used as the normal control and vector control. All cells were treated with different concentrations of hydroquinone (10-100 μmol·L-1) for 4 h. MTT assay was used to test cell viability and comet assay was used to detect the DNA damage and repairment. RESULTS MTT assay showed that hydroquinone inhibited the growth of cells in a concentration-dependant manner and the survival number of XRCC1-deficient cell was less than that of the two control groups. Comet assay revealed that different concentrations of hydroquinone caused more severe DNA damage in XRCC1-deficient cell line than in control cells and there were no significant difference in the two control groups. CONCLUSION The results suggest XRCC1 be involved in preventing cells from damage caused by hydroquinone.

Objective: Our aim was to investigate the effects of phenylephrine (PH) and angiotensin Ⅱ (AT) on reperfusion arrhythmias in the isolated rat heart and its mechanism. Methods: Isolated rat hearts were subjected to dual coronary perfusion. After 15 minutes of aerobic perfusion of both coronary beds, flow to the left coronary bed infused selectively into that bed. Ventricular tachycardia (VT) and fibrillation (VF) were analyzed 5 minutes after reperfusion. Results: The reperfusion arrhythmias was significantly exacerbated by PH; however, AT alone did not have the same effect. The selective Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) inhibitor, HOE642, which was infused along with PH, reversed the proarrhythmic effects of PH. The specific protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor GF109203X (GF) infused along with PH can only partially reverse the proarrhythmic effect of PH. The AT2 receptor inhibitor PD123319 (PD) alone increased the incidence of reperfusion-induced arrhythmias. However, no statistical significance showed. Combination of PD and AT significantly increased the incidence of reperfusion-induced arrhythmias. Conclusion: Activation of α1-adrenoceptor can exacerbate reperfusion-induced arrhythmias. The AT1 receptor activated by AT can exacerbate reperfusion-induced arrhythmias. The activation of AT2 receptor may reduce reperfusion-induced arrhythmias.

OBJECTIVETo reveal the effects of UV-B radiation on the growth of medical plant Mentha piperita, simulate an enhanced UV-B radiation and evaluate intensity of radiation on the photosynthesis of M. piperita.

METHODThree different levels of UV-B radiation were set in the experiment which included: natural light control (0 W x m(-2)), light UV-B radiation stress (0.15 W x m(-2)) and heavy UV-B radiation stress (0.35 W x m(-2)). The chloroplast ultrastructure, photosynthesis indexes and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the M. piperita were observed under the three treatments.

RESULTAlthough the chloroplast ultrastructure was destroyed to some degree under the light UV-B radiation stress, F(v)/(F)m, F(v)/F(o), qP, phiPS II and ETR could resume to the comparative level of natural light control. At the same time, qN increased firstly and decreased thereafter. But under the high strength UV-B radiation stress, the photosynthetic structures were badly destroyed, which could not recover through protecting mechanism by itself.

CONCLUSIONIt was showed that M. piperita was able to protect photosynthetic structures by increasing respiration and dissipation when photosynthetic capacity reduced under light UV-B radiation stress. It is demonstrated that M. piperita has high adaptation to light UV-B radiation stress, which is kind of promising medical plant for area with higher UV-B radiation.

Chlorophyll ; metabolism ; Chloroplasts ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; ultrastructure ; Mentha piperita ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; ultrastructure ; Photosynthesis ; radiation effects ; Ultraviolet Rays

Objective To explore the ultrasonographic and CT imaging features of predominantly cystic thyroid carcinoma (PCTC).Methods The retrospective analysis was performed on 30 cases of thyroid carcinoma with predominantly cystic composition confirmed by pathololy in the General Surgery Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University from Jan.2011 to Dec.2016.The distribution of their solid portion's ultrasound characters including the eccentric configuration,irregular margin and increased vascularity were observed in all PCTCs.The CT images of 9 cases were analyzed,and the distribution of their solid portion's CT characters including irregular margin,uneven enhancement and papillary structure were observed in 9 PCTCs.Results In the ultrasound images of 30 PCTCs' whole shapes,26 cases (86.7％) showed oval and 24 cases (80.0％) showed smooth margin.26 cases (86.7％) showed eccentric configuration,20 cases (66.7％) showed rich blood flow and 19 cases (63.3％) showed irregular margin in the solid portion's ultrasound image.Only 7 cases(23.3％) showed microcalcification.Every ultrasound image of 30 PCTCs showed at least one or more of the three ultrasound characters,including eccentric configuration,irregular margin and increased vascularity.In the solid portion of 9 PCTCs,7 cases (77.8％) showed irregular margin,6 cases (66.7％) showed uneven enhancement and 6 cases(66.7％) showed papillary structure in the CT image,and every one of them showed at least one or more of the above 3 CT characters.Conclusion When the solid portion of predominantly cystic thyroid nodule appears to have some suspicious malignant characters in the image of ultrasound or CT,we should be vigilant that the nodule may be malignant.

BACKGROUND: LY01005 (Goserelin acetate sustained-release microsphere injection) is a modified gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist injected monthly. This phase III trial study aimed to evaluated the efficacy and safety of LY01005 in Chinese patients with prostate cancer. METHODS: We conducted a randomized controlled, open-label, non-inferiority trial across 49 sites in China. This study included 290 patients with prostate cancer who received either LY01005 or goserelin implants every 28 days for three injections. The primary efficacy endpoints were the percentage of patients with testosterone suppression ≤50 ng/dL at day 29 and the cumulative probability of testosterone ≤50 ng/dL from day 29 to 85. Non-inferiority was prespecified at a margin of -10%. Secondary endpoints included significant castration (≤20 ng/dL), testosterone surge within 72 h following repeated dosing, and changes in luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and prostate specific antigen levels. RESULTS: On day 29, in the LY01005 and goserelin implant groups, testosterone concentrations fell below medical-castration levels in 99.3% (142/143) and 100% (140/140) of patients, respectively, with a difference of -0.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], -3.9% to 2.0%) between the two groups. The cumulative probabilities of maintaining castration from days 29 to 85 were 99.3% and 97.8%, respectively, with a between-group difference of 1.5% (95% CI, -1.3% to 4.4%). Both results met the criterion for non-inferiority. Secondary endpoints were similar between groups. Both treatments were well-tolerated. LY01005 was associated with fewer injection-site reactions than the goserelin implant (0% vs . 1.4% [2/145]). CONCLUSION: LY01005 is as effective as goserelin implants in reducing testosterone to castration levels, with a similar safety profile. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04563936.
Humans ; Male ; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use* ; East Asian People ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/agonists* ; Goserelin/therapeutic use* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Testosterone