Background:TLR4 can mediate immune and inflammatory responses,TFF3,MUC2 are the intestinal mucosa protection factor and can maintain the intestinal barrier function. Aims:To investigate the effect of Anchang Yuyang decoction on colon tissue TFF3,MUC2 and TLR4 gene expressions in rats with ulcerative colitis. Methods:TNBS was used to establish ulcerative colitis model in rats. Ninety Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group,model group,low,moderate and high dose Anchang Yuyang decoction groups and mesalazine group,and distilled water,different concentrations of Anchang Yuyang decoction and mesalazine were given respectively. All the rats were sacrificed after 21 days. Colonic histopathological score was assessed,and RT-PCR was used to detect gene expressions of colon tissue TFF3, MUC2 and TLR4. Results:Compared with model group,histopathological score and TLR4 expression were significantly decreased in moderate,high dose Anchang Yuyang decoction groups and mesalazine group(P < 0. 05),expressions of TFF3 and MUC2 were significantly increased( P < 0. 05). Compared with moderate dose Anchang Yuyang decoction group,histopathological score in high dose Anchang Yuyang decoction group and mesalazine group was significantly decreased(P < 0. 05),and TFF3 expression was significantly increased( P < 0. 01). Compared with moderate dose Anchang Yuyang decoction group and mesalazine group,MUC2 expression in high dose Anchang Yuyang decoction group was significantly increased(P < 0. 01),and TLR4 expression was significantly decreased( P < 0. 01). Conclusions:Anchang Yuyang decoction can promote the repair of colonic mucosa in rats with ulcerative colitis,and its mechanism may be related to the increase of TFF3 and MUC2 gene expressions and down regulation of TLR4 gene expression.