Objective To investigate the awareness of osteoporosis and to evaluate the effect of related health education among Beijing community residents.Methods Total 1 000 patients,who visited in 4 community health service centers in Beijing from June to December 2011,were selected as study participants.The questionnaire survey on the awareness of osteoporosis was conducted in all participants,and the items of questionnaire included the risk factors,symptoms,prevalence of osteoporosis,the recommended daily calcium intake and risk of falls.Five hundred participants in 2 health service centers were designated as intervention group and 500 in another health service centers as control group.In intervention group the health education of osteoporosis was conducted every 2 to 3 months and the outpatient follow-up was provided every 2 months;the contents of health education included the clinical manifestation,prevention and control of osteoporosis,and the preveution of fall.In control group only the general outpatient consultation and referral were provided.The second questionnaire survey was conducted 2 years after intervention,the results were compared with baseline and the intervention effect was evaluated.Results Before intervention,58.0％ (580/1 000) participants had exercise,43.1％ (431/1 000) participants took calcium supplement and vitamin D,and 12.1％ (121/1 000)took medication following doctor's advance.The rates of fall prevention and administration of calcium vitamin D in intervention group before intervention [27.8％ (139/500) and 38.7％ (194/500)] were lower than those in control group [33.8％ (308/500) and 47.5％ (237/500)].After two-years of intervention the adoption rate of health behavior in intervention group was improved markedly,the highest one was diet control [increased by 38.4％ (192/500)] and the lowest one was medication [increased by 17.3％ (87/500)].Compared to control group the diet control rate in intervention group was significantly higher [74.0％ (370/500) vs.23.6％ (108/457),x2 =261.887,P=0.000].In addition,unhealthy behaviors were also reduced:55.0％ participants reduced caffeine consumption and 72.2％ participants reduced sodium intake in intervention group.Conclusion The awareness of osteoporosis among Beijing community residents is not satisfactory,but intervention focusing on osteoporosis prevention education is effective to change their behavior.