Objective To study the effects and the mechanism of the ethanol extract of Blueberry(BE) on relaxation vascular endothelium or smooth muscle.Methods To use rat aorta as the specimen,to observe the effects of BE on induced relaxation of the phenylephrine-precontracted aorta.and approach the mechanism on vascular endothelium or smooth muscle.Results BE induced relaxation of the phenylephrine-precontracted(1.0×10~(-5)mol·L~(-1) aorta in a dose-dependent way(P<0.01),which was disappeared by removal of functional endothelium(P<0.01).Pretreatment of the aortic tissues with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester(L-NAME),methylene blue,or 1H[1,2,4]-oxadiazole-[4,3_a]-quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) inhibited the vascular relaxation induced by BE(P<0.01).BE-induced vascular relaxations were also markedly attenuated by addition of verapamil or diltiazem,while the relaxant effect of BE was not blocked by pretreatment with indomethacine,glibenclamide,tetraethylammonium(TEA),atropine,propranolol(P<0.01).Conclusion These results suggest that BE dilates vascular smooth muscle via endothelium-dependent nitricoxide-cGMP signaling pathway,possible involvement of L-type Ca~(2+) channel.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases, which as a group can degrade essentially all extracellular matrix components. The proteolytic property of the MMPs is important during wound healing to remove debris and facilitate cell migration. Targeting towards the decreased MMPs activities is a new treatment strategy for healing chronic wounds. Salvia miltiorrhiza is a popular Chinese herb that could promote chronic ulcers healing for topical use. Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) is the most abundant bioactive component in Salvia miltiorrhiza. The research was designed to explore the inhibitory effects of Sal B on MMP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities.

Objective To explore a reasonable,accuracy and effectual proposition model for medical imaging examination.Methods Mean scores and their standard deviation and distribution as well as the difficulty,discrimination,reliability and validity of the test paper were analyzed for the 2005 grade 7-year program students by using SPSS 13.0 statistic software.Results The scores of the 67 copies of test paper displayed a normal distribution,with the mean score of 73.76 and standard deviation of 11.88.The difficulty,reliability and validity indexes of the test paper were 0.74,0.78 and 0.25 respectively.The difficulty,discrimination,reliability and validity indexes of subjective items were higher than those of objective items(0.76 vs.0.73,0.94 vs.0.90,0.71 vs.0.68,0.32 vs.0.22,respectively).Conclusions We should keep quite high proportion of subjective items and make detailed scoring standard in medical imaging examination.Furthermore,as a supplement,objectively items such as multiple choice questions can expand the scope of knowledge examined.

AIM: To evaluate the effects of acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA, a main active component from frankincense, one of the traditional Chinese herb for healing wounds) on the activities of matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-1, MMP-2 and MMP-9.METHODS: Pure human interstitial collagenase (MMP-1) or gelatinase A (MMP-2) was activated by p-aminophenylmercuric acetate (APMA), and was incubated with AKBA for 1 h. The activities of the enzymes were observed by quenched fluorescent substrate. The lysates of rat polymorphonuclear neutrophils [PMNs, rich in gelatinase B (MMP-9)] was incubated with AKBA for 1 h, and activity of MMP-9 was tested by gelatin zymography. Three cell models: activated human dermal fibroblasts by TNF-α, activated THP-1 cells by PMA and fibroblasts-THP-1 co-culture system were established. AKBA was cultured with these cell models for 24 h. The levels of MMP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the cell culture supernatants were tested by ELISA and activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were tested by gelatin zymography assays.RESULTS: AKBA dose-dependently inhibited the activities of human MMP-1 and MMP-2 at the range of 0.1-0.8 mmol/L, with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.18 mmol /L and 0.27 mmol/L, respectively. In the range of 0.05-0.85 mmol/L, AKBA inhibited the MMP-9 activity (P<0.01). Although AKBA promoted fibroblasts to secrete MMP-2, the production of MMP-9 by THP-1 was inhibited. In the cell co-culture system, the inhibitory effects on MMP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-9 productions were also observed.CONCLUSION: AKBA, as a bioactive component of frankincense, has an inhibitory effect on MMPs production and activities, indicating the possible mechanism for healing chronic wounds by frankincense.

Objective To evaluate the efficiency of our self-designed enriched filtrator of stem cells in screening and collecting enriched human bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) for rapid construction of bioactive materials.Methods Bone marrow blood from 32 patients was circulated in our self-designed enriched filtratorand filtered through beta-tricalcium phosphate(β-TCP).The numbers of BMSCs were counted pre-and post-filtration to assess the enrichment efficiency.The numbers of nucleated cells,red blood cells and platelets were compared pre-and post-filtration to assess the effects of the enriched filtrator of stem cells on blood cells.Bacteriological examinations were performed to test the safety of the device.Scanning electron microscopy was carried out to observe the adhesion of BMSCs on β-TCP.Results There was a significant difference between the pre-fihration colony number of BMSCs cultured (232.8 ± 128.6/mL) and the post-filtration one (37.8 ± 34.9/mL) (t =10.743,P ＜ 0.001).The efficiency of BMSCs enrichment of the device was 85.6％ ±8.4％ (from 63.8％ to 97.1％).There were no significant differences between pre-filtration and post-filtration in the numbers of nucleated cells [(16.8 ± 5.4) × 109/mL versus (16.3 ±5.0) ×l09/mL],red blood cells [(3.9±0.6) ×1012/mL versus (3.8±0.6) ×1012/mL] and platelets [(120.4 ± 54.6) × 109/mL versus (123.0 ± 51.8) × 109/mL] (P ＞ 0.05).All the bacteriological examinations of the bone marrow samples were negative.After in vitro osteogenic induction culture,formation of numerous BMSCs colonies was observed on the β-TCP by scanning electron microscopy.Conclusion Since our self-designed enriched filtrator can efficiently collect enriched BMSCs and combine them with β-TCP simultaneously,the device is capable of rapid and safe construction of bioactive materials.

Objective To investigate the correlation between reproductive hormone concentration and the amplitude and latency of speech-evoked auditory brainstem response (speech-ABR) in young adults, and to explore the effects of reproductive hormone on the speech processing ability of young people.Methods Speech-ABR of thirty five normal hearing young adults, including seventeen females (27.29±1.83 years old) and eighteen males (28.17±2.50 years old) were recorded.The speech syllable /da/ was transmitted as a stimulus sound to the right ears through insert earphones in speech-ABR test.All participants had air conduction hearing thresholds of 20 dB HL or better across the standard audiometric frequencies (250~8 000 Hz) in both ears, and click-ABRs were also within normal limits.At the same time, the concentrations of estradiol and testosterone in the serum were examined.Results ① Females had a shorter latency than males in transient responses (waves V, A and O) and sustained responses (waves D, E and F) of speech-ABR (P<0.05, respectively).The amplitude of transient response (waves V and A) and sustained response (waves D, E and F) in females was also significantly larger than that in males (P<0.05, respectively), except for amplitude of peak O (P>0.05).The V/A slope in females was significantly steeper than that in males (P<0.05).② Estradiol levels in females (118.77±102.66 pg/ml) were significantly higher than that in males (52.91±14.77 pg/ml) (P<0.05), and the total testosterone concentration in females (457.65±140.82 pg/ml) was significantly lower than that in males (3 677.37±1 155.80 pg/ml) (P<0.05).③ A correlation analysis between speech-ABR and estradiol or total testosterone showed that all peak latencies of speech-ABR in transient responses (waves V, A and O) and sustained responses (waves D, E and F) were negatively correlated with the estradiol concentration (P<0.05 respectively), in which the correlation coefficient was between 0.2~0.4.All peak latencies of speech-ABR were positively correlated with the total testosterone concentration (P<0.05 respectively), in which the correlation coefficient was between 0.4~0.7.④ The amplitudes of speech-ABR increased with estradiol concentration growing, the wave V and estradiol concentrations were positively correlated (P<0.05).The estradiol concentrations showed a significant negative correlation with wave A, D, E, F and O wave (P<0.05 respectively), with a correlation coefficient between 0.2~0.7.On the contrary, the amplitudes of speech-ABR decreased with the increasing of total testosterone concentration, and the wave V, wave A, V/A slope and total testosterone concentration were moderately correlated (P<0.05),with a correlation coefficient between 0.4-0.6.The correlation between the amplitudes of D wave and total testosterone concentration was not statistically significant (P>0.05), and the correlation between wave E and wave F and total testosterone concentration was weakly correlated (P<0.05).In addition, the amplitudes of the wave O were also independent with testosterone levels (r=0.133, P>0.05).Conclusion There are correlations between the level of reproductive hormone and the amplitude and latency of speech-ABR.It is one of the reasons for the gender difference in the brainstem speech coding ability of normal young adult.

Objective To investigate the Human papillomavirus(HPV)infection in different age groups of women in Shenyang, and explore its correlation with cervical biopsy diagnosis.Methods 7 311 women aged 13-85 did HPV test and thin-cytologic test (TCT)in the hospital.Some of them had biopsy detection under electronic colposcopy,and the pathological diagnosis was the golden standard for the diagnosis of cervical lesions.SPSS18.0 statistical software was used for all statistical analysis.Results The infection rate of <30 years old women was significantly higher than that of 30 - <40,40 - <50,≥50 years old women (P <0.05).The most prevalent high-risk HPV genotype in Shenyang were subtype 16,52,58,53,33,31 and 18,and the most prevalent low-risk HPV subtypes were 81,11 and 6.The former 4 subtypes of high-risk HPV infection accounted for 67.3% of all high-risk infection.As to the 4 subtypes with higher infection rate,the infection rate of ≥40 years old women was higher than that of <40 years old(χ2 =20.29,P =0.00).The top two low-risk HPV subtypes accounted for 74.8% of the infections.The mean age of the ICC patients were 48.3,which was statistically different from the other groups(P <0.05).Cervical lesions occured mostly in 40-49 years old,which accounted for 37.1% and was higher than the other agees(P <0.01).HPV16 infection rate increased with the severity of cervical lesions.Conclusion HPV DNA genotyping is a necessary methord for cervical cancer screen,an effective com-plement for precancerous lesions diagnosis which was missed in cytology test,and also an indispensable test for CIN treatment and follow-up after operation.

AIM: To observe the tear film changes after phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation in age - related cataract patients and to compare the therapeutic effect of hydroxyl-glucoside and sodium hyaluronate on the postoperative dry eye.
METHODS:A total of 49 patients ( 70 eyes ) with age-related cataract suffering from dry eye after phacoemulsification combined with IOL implantation were divided into treatment group 1 ( group A, 23 eyes with conventional therapy and hydroxyl - glucoside at 7d postoperatively) , treatment group 2 ( group B, 22 eyes with conventional therapy and sodium hyaluronate at 7d postoperatively) and control group ( group C, 25 eyes with conventional therapy only ) . Questionnaire score of dry eye symptoms, SchirmerⅠtest ( SⅠt) , tearfilm break up time ( BUT ) and corneal fluoresce in staining ( CFS ) were measured at 2d preoperatively and 7, 14, 30, 90d postoperatively.
RESULTS: No statistical differences existed among the three groups of preoperative 2d ( P > 0. 05 ). At 2d preoperatively and 90d postoperatively, the results of questionnaire score of dry eye symptoms, SⅠt, BUT, and CFS displayed no statistical differences in the patients of three groups (P>0. 05). While there was statistical significance among preoperatively and 7, 14, 30d postoperatively of the three groups (P<0. 05). At 14, 30d postoperatively, the questionnaire score of dry eye symptoms, SⅠt, BUT, CFS in group A and B were better than in group C, which displayed statistical differences ( P<0. 05). At 30d postoperatively the questionnaire score of dry eye symptoms , SⅠt, BUT in group B were better than in group A, which displayed statistical differences ( P<0. 05).
CONCLUSION: At the early stage after phacoemulsification combined with IOL implantation, the tear film stability is decreased, which may promote eyesymptoms. Management with hydroxyl-glucoside or sodium hyaluronate plays a role in relief of the structure and stability of the tear film and improves dry eye symptoms, while sodium hyaluronate eye drops is more effective.

Objective To investigate the significances of karyotyping analysis on umbilical cord vein blood lymphocytes in the diagnosis of abnormal karyotypes in middle to late period of pregnant fetus.Methods A volume (0.5 ～ 1 ml) of umbilical cord vein blood was extracted from pregnant women in third trimester pregnancy with prenatal detection indications,and collected in sterilized anticoagulant tube.Lymphocytes were cultured and collected for karyotyping analysis after fixed and dropped on slides.Data were analyzed statistically.Results Lymphocytes were cultured successfully in 1 211 cases out of total 1 213 cases collected.Totally 142 abnormal karyotypes were found,which includes 81 cases (detection rate 6.68 ％) of non-heteromorphic abnormal chromosomes and 61 cases (detection rate 5.03％) of heteromorphic chromosomes.Among these abnormal karyotypes,50 cases (accounting for 35.21％ in total abnormal cases) of aneuploidy include 4 cases of chimerical karyotype.Structural abnormalities were found in 31 cases (accounting for 21.83％ in total abnormal cases) samples including 11 cases of translocations,17 cases of inversion and 3 cases of deletion.Conclusions Based on our findings,karyotyping analysis on umbilical cord vein blood lymphocytes could be an effective method for detect abnormal karyotypes in middle to late period of pregnant fetus and played an important role in prenatal diagnosis.

Objective To summarize the clinical presentations, the findings of lab tests and procedures and the genetic investigation of collagen type Ⅵ related myopathy, and to help clinicians recognize and diagnose this rare disease.Methods Seven familiar or spontaneous collagen type Ⅵ related myopathy patients diagnosed by gene detection were analyzed.We emphasized on the features of clinical manifestations, serum creatine kinase level, electromyography, lower-limb muscle MRI, muscle biopsy and correlation between genotype and pZenotype.Results Among 7 patients, 3 were caused by COL6A1 mutation, 1 was caused by COL6A2 mutation and 3 were caused by COL6A3 mutation.Two patients were familiar wZile 5 were spontaneous.HigZligZted clinical presentations were proximal weakness in lower limbs and joint contrature.Serum creatine kinase level was sligZtly elevated.ElectromyograpZy sZowed sligZt myogenic damage.Muscle MRI of tZigZ sZowed distinct pattern of muscle involvement.Muscle patZology revealed dystropZic myogenic cZanges with proliferation of connective tissue between muscle fibers.Conclusions Neurologists should recognize the features of collagen type Ⅵ related myopathy, such as progressive weakness, early-onset joint contraetures, slightly elevated serum creatine kinase and selective muscle involvement on leg MRI scan, and then perform next-generation sequencing based genetic test on suspected patients.This approach would improve the diagnostic rate of the disease.