Low-dose chemotherapy is concerned in treating malignant tumor in recent years.The lowdose,metronomic chemotherapy is not only effective in antiangiogenic,but also avoid chemotherapy side effects,such as suppression of bone marrow,dysfunction of liver and kidney,gastrointestinal reaction and drug resistance.Thereby it can increase patient compliance,improve life quality and prolong survival time.Currently chemotherapy in neuroblastoma still plays a key role,especially low-dose chemotherapy,which can protect self-immune function and reduce the physical injury in children.

As monosaccharide polymers,polysaccharides are widely distributed in nature,they are found in microorganisms,plants and animal cells and tissues.Glycosylation is of importance to maintain the structural stability and biological activity of protein molecules in eukaryotic cells.Polysaccharides represent the most important antigens recognized by immune system.The innate immune system senses invading microbes via their pathogen-associated molecular patterns,using pattern-recognition receptors on the surface of innate immune cells,many of which are polysaccharides uniquely expressed in certain microorganisms.Polysaccharides can also be processed intracellularly and presented to ??-T cells by MHC molecules.Polysaccharides can activate B lymphocytes,with or without T cell help,and induce production of specific antibodies.Amongst the polysaccharide-specific antibodies in human sera,some are products of adaptive humoral responses against microbial infection and others autoantibodies to glycan epitopes of host cells.Patients with autoimmune disorders tend to have higher titers of antibodies against various glycans.Immune clearance of senescence cells depends on the recognition of altered glycan epitopes on cell surface.Modification of glycan epitopes on tumour cell surface is at least partially responsible for activating antitumor immunity.Specific recognition of polysaccharides by the immune system is of importance to immunological defence,autoimmunity,anti-tumour immunity and immunological homeostasis,it will be the new focus of immunology research in the near future.

This paper presents a portable neurogenic bladder curer,which can produce a series of pulses according to human's physiology characteristic to stimulate bladder's points.Such bladder-related diseases can benefit from this curer as increased residual urine in the bladder,urine retention and urine incontinence.Being low-cost,small and portable,it can satisfy the needs of different patients.

Objective To study how to prevent the persistent ectopic pregnancy(PEP)effectively after the conservative celioscope surgery.Methods After conservative celioscope surgery,MTX(Group A)and the traditional chinese medicine(Group B)were taken to the people who had ectopic pregnancy to prevent PEP.Results 2 examples in group A had PEP,as well as non-PEP occurred in group B.Conclusion The function of the traditional chinese medicine after conservative celioscope surgery to prevent the persistent ectopic pregnancy was much better.

Objective To observe the effect of reduning inject a liquid in the treatment of EV71 infection cases.Methods The 52 cases were randomly divided into two groups by random number table.The treatment group were given reduning inject a liquid.The control group were given the treatment of Ribavirin inject.Observed and compared two groups of efficacy and Prognosis and adverse reactions.Results Prognosis of the observation group were Significantly better than the control group(x2 =5.016,P ＜ 0.05).Cooling time and deflorescence time of the observation group were shorter than the control group (t =3.475,3.687,P ＜ 0.05),the effect of fever and rash were significantly higher than the control group (x2 =6.272,6.349,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion It is valid and safety method in the treatment of EV71 infection cases with the reduning inject a liquid,and worth popularizing.

Objective To study the hotspots and frontiers in research of medical big data using CiteSpace.Methods The papers on medical big data covered in Web of Science were analyzed using bibliometrics in combination with CiteSpace.Results The achievements in research of medical big data have rapidly increased since 2012.The nodes in research of big data, system, care, medicine and personalized medicine were bigger.The burst value in research of quality, children and mapreduce was higher.Conclusion The number of current researches in medical big data is greater in medical big data technology, precision medicine, medical and health big data management, medical big data privacy while mapreduce, ontology and hadoop are the frontiers and future trend in research of medical big data.

10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.25.019

Objective To study the imaging characters of spinal teratomas.Methods 10 cases of spinal teratomas were analyzed with clinical and radiography. 8 cases intramedullary, 2 cases extramedullary. 10 cases had MR examination. Results The location of spinal teratomas in 5 cases was in lumbar, 3 cases in thorax, 1 case in thoracolumbar, 1 case in cervical. 7 cases were multicyst type, 3 cases were singlecyst type. 10 cases of MR image showed mix signal intensity. The contrast enhancement T 1WI with fat saturation presented disappear fat signal of spinal teratomas. The teratomas heterogeneous enhancement was found in 10 cases with MR examination. 3 cases lumbosacral area of spinal teratomas united tethercord. Conclusion Neuroradiological features of spinal teratomas has specific manifestation. The T 1WI fat saturation scan is a availability nicety method for spinal teratomas.

Objective To study the MRI findings of spinal hemangioblastomas.Methods The MRI findings of spinal hemangioblastomas proved pathologically in 29 cases (20 males,9 females) were retrospectively reviewed.Results The lesions were single in 12 cases (41.4%) and multiple in 17 cases(58.6%).Seven patients combined with intracranial hemangioblastomas.On unenhanced MRI,36 tumors were isointense on T 1WI and T 2WI,16 were mixed iso-hypointense on T 1WI and mixed iso-hyperintense on T 2WI,one was hypointense on T 1WI and hyperintense on T 2WI.Small hemangioblastomas tended to be isointense on T 1WI and T 2WI.After contrast injection,all tumors enhanced markedly and homogenously with clear borders.21 tumors in 17 patients had associated vascular flow voids on T 2WI.40 tumors in 27 patients were associated with syringes or cysts.Conclusion Hemangioblastomas of the spinal cord are often multiple and in company with intracranial hemangioblastomas.The marked contrast enhancements with clear borders and associated vascular flow voids are the most important signs on MRI.

Objective To study the imaging findings of cerebral venous sinus occlusion and to improve the knowledge of this disease.Methods CT,MRI and DSA data in thirty six cases with cerebral venous sinous occlusion were retrospectively reviewed.There were 15 male and 21 female,ranged in age from 23 to 59 years old.Results On T_1WI and T_2WI,abnormal signals in cerebral parenchyma were found in 26 cases,of that there were brain hemorrhage with abnromal long T_1 and long T_2 signal in 16 cases,only abnromal long T_1 and long T_2 signal in 6 cases,cerebral ventrical enlargment in 4 cases and brain swelling in 4 cases.The abnormal venous enhancement was found in 25 cases on contrast-enhanced MRI.On CT scan,low density in cerebral parenchyma was found in 10 cases,it might be edema or ischemia,astime goes by,the density of cerebral venous sinus became slightly high density to isodensity.DSA showed dural sinus occlusion includingsuperior sagittal sinus in 15 cases,transverse sinus in 8 cases,sigmoid sinus in 7 cases,straight sinus in 4 cases and inferior sagittal sinus in 2 cases.Conclusion The venous sinus occlusive disease is distinctively different from arterial occlusive disease.CT and MR imaging is very important in diagnosing the cerebral venous sinus occlusive disease,but DSA is still the gold standard.