BACKGROUND: Various artifacts are found to be appeared in the nuclear magnetic resonance; the frequently appearing ones are the motion artifacts, plait artifacts, metallic artifacts, partial volume effect artifacts, chemical shift artifacts, phase artifacts, zipper artifacts and so on. However, there is still has no report on the controlling and revising method of the zipper artifacts which is produced in the spin-echo sequence imaging process. OBJECTIVE: Based on the discussion of the mechanism of the production of zipper artifact in the spin-echo sequence imaging process, a new impulse sequence is worked out to avoid the zipper artifact. METHODS: Standard SE sequence was complied to obtain the standard image, and compiling the artifact sequence to obtain the linear disturbance image and zipper artifact image, compiling the modified sequence to obtain the modified zipper artifact image. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Usually, the linear disturbance image could obtained in the instantaneous gradient of 5 degree with the echo sequence of 120 degree, and the zipper artifact will be obtained in the instantaneous gradient of 90 degree with the echo sequence of 120 degree. Modified sequence instantaneous gradient of 90 degree with the echo sequence of 120 degree can completely eliminate zipper artifact. The interesting result obtained in this paper is that the zipper artifact can be totally avoided with this new impulse sequence.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) with laparotomy in the treatment of severe liver injury.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 48 patients with severe liver injury admitted to 909th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force (Affiliated Dongnan Hospital of Xianmen University Medical College) from December 2013 to June 2020, including 28 males and 20 females; aged 16-75 years [(45.7±6.2)years]. There were 25 patients with grade III, 15 grade IV and 8 grade V according to the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) classification. After general treatments such as infusion and hemostasis, TAE was performed in 26 patients (TAE group) and laparotomy in 22 patients (laparotomy group). The operation time and length of hospital stay were compared between the two groups. Erythrocyte, hemoglobin and serum creatinine were compared before operation and at postoperative 1 day. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were analyzed before operation and at postoperative 1, 3, 7 days. Complications were observed.Results:All patients were followed up for 12-60 months [(17.1±9.1)months]. The operation time and length of hospital stay were (65.7±9.2)minutes and (21.6±6.6)days in TAE group, significantly shorter than (162.5±28.1)minutes and (31.5±7.4)days in laparotomy group ( P<0.05 or 0.01). There was no significant difference between the two groups referring to erythrocyte, hemoglobin and serum creatinine before operation and at postoperative 1 day (all P>0.05). There was no significant difference in ALT and AST between the two groups before operation (all P>0.05). TAE group showed ALT level of 1 154(884, 1 698)U/L, (975.3±400.9)U/L and (403.4±232.9)U/L at postoperative 1, 3, 7 days, significantly lower than 2 053(1 965, 2 132)U/L, (1 604.1±188.2)U/L and (915.3±160.5)U/L in laparotomy group (all P<0.05). TAE group showed AST level of (1 313.2±542.0)U/L, 525(302, 971)U/L and 174(84, 324)U/L at postoperative 1, 3, 7 days, significantly lower than (1 962.9±245.4)U/L, 1 478(1 089, 1 677)U/L and 837(674, 1 006)U/L in laparotomy group ( P<0.05 or 0.01). The complication rate was 26.9% (7/26) in TAE group, significantly lower than 59.1% (13/22) in laparotomy group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:For severe liver injury, TAE can significantly shorten operation time and length of hospital stay, accelerate the recovery of liver function and reduce the complication rate in comparison with laparotomy.

Objective    To summarize the results of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgG antibody, total antibody and cellular immune function of COVID-19 convalescent patients one year after discharge, and to analyze the correlation between the SARS-CoV-2 antibody and the indexes of immune function. Methods    A total of 41 confirmed COVID-19 patients discharged from Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center from January to April 2020 and followed up one year after discharge were included in the study as the research group, including 18 males and 23 females with an average age of 47.83±12.95 years. The results of SARS-CoV-2 IgG, total antibody and immune function indexes one year after discharge were collected in order to discuss the correlation of SARS-CoV-2 and cellular immune function. A total of 40 healthy employees of the hospital vaccinated against COVID-19 were randomly selected as the vaccine group, including 10 males and 30 females with an average age of 43.90±6.86 years. The SARS-CoV-2 antibodies between the two groups were compared. Results    CD8+T cell count was higher and CD4+T/CD8+T was lower in male patients than those in female patients (all P<0.05). The IgG and total antibodies in patients with re-detectable positive RNA test were both higher than those in patients without re-detectable positive RNA test, but the differences were not statistically significant (P=0.158, 0.060). The positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 IgG in the research group was 80.5% (33/41). SARS-CoV-2 IgG was positively correlated with total antibody (P<0.001). There was a positive correlation between CD4+T cell count and SARS-CoV-2 IgG (r=0.455, P=0.003). The positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 IgG, SARS-CoV-2 IgG amount and total antibody amount in the research group were significantly higher than those in the vaccine group (all P<0.001). Conclusion    SARS-CoV-2 IgG of most COVID-19 patients one year after discharge is positive, and their SARS-CoV-2 total antibody is significantly higher than people vaccinated against COVID-19, which suggests that patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 can obtain lasting protection, but the protection may be gradually weaken over time. The degree of antibody attenuation in patients with re-detectable positive RNA test may be weaker. In the convalescence stage, the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 IgG may be closely related to cellular immune function.

Elaphurus davidianus( Milu),a rare animal unique to China,has been used as medicine for more than a thousand years,but the extinction of Milu in modern times resulted in the unavailability of related medical products. Today,the reintroduction of Milu population makes it possible to restore its medicinal usage. The resource reserves of Cervi Cornu,the natural shedding product from Milu,are increasing with the expansion of the population,allowing it to be fully utilized in the medical field. Mijiao Pills,first recorded in Important Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold for Emergency( Bei Ji Qian Jin Yao Fang) by Sun Simiao in the Tang Dynasty,is the first Chinese medicinal prescription with Cervi Cornu as the sovereign medicinal,which is effective in tonifying. Its composition,preparation,efficacy and indications,and administration are described in detail in the Important Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold for Emergency,which however,have changed significantly over the thousands of years,seriously affecting the clinical application of this classical prescription and related product development. Therefore,the key information of this prescription should be systematically collated and summarized. According to the principles of textual research on key information in ancient classical prescriptions promulgated by relevant authorities,this paper reviewed ancient Chinese medical books of the past dynasties,modern literature,as well as the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China( 2020 Version) to figure out such key information as the source,historical evolution,original plants and animals and their processing,dosage,preparation,and usage of Mijiao Pills. This paper aimed to provide a basis for the clinical application of Mijiao Pills and subsequent product development,thus facilitating the development and utilization of this precious medicinal animal resource.
Books ; China ; Cornus ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Prescriptions

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Dingzhi Xiaowan （DZXW） in post-stroke cognitive impairment （PSCI） model mice. MethodsThe cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model of mice was established by using the middle cerebral artery occlusion method. Forty C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into the sham operation group， model group， low-dose DZXW group （1.43 g·kg^-1）， and high-dose DZXW group （2.56 g·kg^-1）， with 10 mice in each group. Both the sham operation group and the model group were treated with equal amounts of normal saline by gavage， and the above four groups of mice were gavaged once a day for 30 consecutive days. Morris water maze test was used to evaluate the learning memory ability of mice. Serum levels of amyloid precursor protein （APP）， amyloid 42 （Aβ₄₂）， acetylcholinesterase （AChE）， and superoxide dismutase （SOD） were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Deoxyribonucleotide end transferase-mediated nick end labelling （TUNEL） assay was applied to detect the degree of apoptosis in the mouse's hippocampal neurons. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of phosphoinositol-3 kinase （PI3K）， protein kinase B （Akt）， mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR）， hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha （HIF-1α）， B-cell lymphoma 2 （Bcl-2） homologous structural domain protein （Beclin1）， sequestosome 1 （p62）， microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 （LC3）， Bcl-2， and Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax） in hippocampal tissue. Prussian blue staining was used to detect iron deposition in hippocampal tissue. Transmission electron microscopy was taken to observe the ultrastructure of the mouse's hippocampal neurons. ResultsCompared with the sham operation group， the latency， APP， Aβ₄₂， AChE， TUNEL positivity， ferric ion deposition， HIF-1α， Beclin1， Bax， and LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ were significantly increased in the model group （P<0.01）， while the number of crossing platforms， SOD， p-PI3K， p-Akt， p-mTOR， p62， and Bcl-2 were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the latency， APP， Aβ₄₂， AChE， TUNEL positivity rate， ferric ion deposition， HIF-1α， Beclin1， Bax， and LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ were significantly reduced in the DZXW groups （P<0.05）， while the number of crossing platforms， SOD， p-PI3K， p-Akt， p-mTOR， p62， and Bcl-2 were significantly higher （P<0.05）. ConclusionDZXW can alleviate cognitive impairment induced by oxidative stress-aggravated hippocampal neuronal damage in PSCI model mice by modulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/HIF-1α autophagy signalling pathway.