Objective To assess the correlation between the level of ambient particulate matter in sand-dust climate and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR value) of the exposed children in Inner Mongolia of China. Methods PEFR values of the subject children were measured with a mini-wright peak flow meter three times per day continuously for 40 days, with a standard procedure and recorded by themselves. Meanwhile, the weather data and the ambient concentrations of SO2, NO2, CO, PM10 and PM2.5 were also monitored. The SPSS 13.0 was used for statistical analysis of the data. Results The concentration of PM10 increased to 3.183 mg/m3 and PM2.5 to 1.067 mg/m3 when the sand-dust weather broke out and the increase in PM10 was more than that in PM2.5.The schoolboy’s PEFR value decreased to 268.67 L/min and the schoolgirl to 256.79 L/min when the sand-dust weather broke out. A negative relationship was observed between the concentration of PM2.5 and the schoolgirl’s PEFR value.(P

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of secondary pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with autologous platelet concentrate (APC) injection in patients with a persistent macular hole that failed to close after the primary surgery. Methods: This study included 10 eyes of 10 patients who required secondary PPV and APC injection due to unsuccessful hole closure following primary macular hole surgery between February 2021 and July 2023. We measured the minimum and base diameters of the holes before primary and secondary PPV, respectively. Furthermore, we evaluated the anatomical closure of the holes and changes in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) for 6 months following secondary PPV. Results: The mean age of the 10 patients was 61.6 ± 9.5 years. Prior to the primary PPV, the mean BCVA (LogMAR) was 1.6 ± 0.7, the mean minimum diameter of the hole was 654.4 ± 98.9 μm, and the mean base diameter of the hole was 1,135.4 ± 276.5 μm. Prior to the secondary PPV with APC injection, the mean BCVA (LogMAR) was 1.3 ± 0.7, the mean minimum diameter of the hole was 666.8 ± 270.2 μm and the mean base diameter of the hole was 845.4 ± 292.4 μm. Following secondary surgery, all holes were successfully closed, the mean BCVA (LogMAR) was 0.9 ± 0.6 and the BCVA was significantly improved (p = 0.007). Conclusions PPV with APC injection can be an effective therapeutic option for persistent macular hole that failed to close following primary surgery both in terms of anatomical and functional outcomes.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of secondary pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with autologous platelet concentrate (APC) injection in patients with a persistent macular hole that failed to close after the primary surgery. Methods: This study included 10 eyes of 10 patients who required secondary PPV and APC injection due to unsuccessful hole closure following primary macular hole surgery between February 2021 and July 2023. We measured the minimum and base diameters of the holes before primary and secondary PPV, respectively. Furthermore, we evaluated the anatomical closure of the holes and changes in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) for 6 months following secondary PPV. Results: The mean age of the 10 patients was 61.6 ± 9.5 years. Prior to the primary PPV, the mean BCVA (LogMAR) was 1.6 ± 0.7, the mean minimum diameter of the hole was 654.4 ± 98.9 μm, and the mean base diameter of the hole was 1,135.4 ± 276.5 μm. Prior to the secondary PPV with APC injection, the mean BCVA (LogMAR) was 1.3 ± 0.7, the mean minimum diameter of the hole was 666.8 ± 270.2 μm and the mean base diameter of the hole was 845.4 ± 292.4 μm. Following secondary surgery, all holes were successfully closed, the mean BCVA (LogMAR) was 0.9 ± 0.6 and the BCVA was significantly improved (p = 0.007). Conclusions PPV with APC injection can be an effective therapeutic option for persistent macular hole that failed to close following primary surgery both in terms of anatomical and functional outcomes.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of secondary pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with autologous platelet concentrate (APC) injection in patients with a persistent macular hole that failed to close after the primary surgery. Methods: This study included 10 eyes of 10 patients who required secondary PPV and APC injection due to unsuccessful hole closure following primary macular hole surgery between February 2021 and July 2023. We measured the minimum and base diameters of the holes before primary and secondary PPV, respectively. Furthermore, we evaluated the anatomical closure of the holes and changes in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) for 6 months following secondary PPV. Results: The mean age of the 10 patients was 61.6 ± 9.5 years. Prior to the primary PPV, the mean BCVA (LogMAR) was 1.6 ± 0.7, the mean minimum diameter of the hole was 654.4 ± 98.9 μm, and the mean base diameter of the hole was 1,135.4 ± 276.5 μm. Prior to the secondary PPV with APC injection, the mean BCVA (LogMAR) was 1.3 ± 0.7, the mean minimum diameter of the hole was 666.8 ± 270.2 μm and the mean base diameter of the hole was 845.4 ± 292.4 μm. Following secondary surgery, all holes were successfully closed, the mean BCVA (LogMAR) was 0.9 ± 0.6 and the BCVA was significantly improved (p = 0.007). Conclusions PPV with APC injection can be an effective therapeutic option for persistent macular hole that failed to close following primary surgery both in terms of anatomical and functional outcomes.

Purpose: To report the clinical outcomes of Root Z-epicanthoplasty combined with lower eyelid rotation suturing in patients with lower eyelid epiblepharon, focusing on a 3-year follow-up. Methods: Patients who underwent Root Z-epicanthoplasty combined with lower eyelid rotation suturing from March 2012 to February 2020 were included. Patients aged < 15 years, and who had a minimum 3-year follow-up, were included. We assessed changes in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), cycloplegic refraction, astigmatism, and surgical outcomes. To evaluate the influence of preoperative amblyopia, patients were divided into subgroups based on amblyopic status; surgical outcomes were compared between these groups. In addition, subgroups were divided based on age at operation and astigmatism were compared between subgroups. Results: A total of 55 patients (109 eyes) exhibited successful correction of lower eyelid epiblepharon without recurrence; one case experienced a delayed episode of lower palpebral conjunctival hemorrhage. Significant changes were observed of BCVA improvement, myopic shift of cycloplegic refraction, and astigmatism reduction three years post-surgery (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.024). In the group without preoperative amblyopia (86 eyes), significant changes were noted in BCVA, cycloplegic refraction, and astigmatism (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.025). In patients with preoperative amblyopia (23 eyes), significant improvements were observed in BCVA and myopic shift in cycloplegic refraction (p < 0.001, p = 0.003), whereas astigmatism showed no significant change (p = 0.431). There is significant reduction of astigmatism in under 6-year-old group (p = 0.011) and no significant reduction of astigmatism in over 6-year-old group (p = 0.589). Conclusions Root Z-epicanthoplasty with lower eyelid rotation suturing demonstrated a low complication rate and no recurrence over 3-year follow-up, confirming its effectiveness in correcting lower eyelid epiblepharon. The procedure also positively influenced visual development and reduction of astigmatism in pediatric patients.

Purpose: To report the clinical outcomes of Root Z-epicanthoplasty combined with lower eyelid rotation suturing in patients with lower eyelid epiblepharon, focusing on a 3-year follow-up. Methods: Patients who underwent Root Z-epicanthoplasty combined with lower eyelid rotation suturing from March 2012 to February 2020 were included. Patients aged < 15 years, and who had a minimum 3-year follow-up, were included. We assessed changes in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), cycloplegic refraction, astigmatism, and surgical outcomes. To evaluate the influence of preoperative amblyopia, patients were divided into subgroups based on amblyopic status; surgical outcomes were compared between these groups. In addition, subgroups were divided based on age at operation and astigmatism were compared between subgroups. Results: A total of 55 patients (109 eyes) exhibited successful correction of lower eyelid epiblepharon without recurrence; one case experienced a delayed episode of lower palpebral conjunctival hemorrhage. Significant changes were observed of BCVA improvement, myopic shift of cycloplegic refraction, and astigmatism reduction three years post-surgery (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.024). In the group without preoperative amblyopia (86 eyes), significant changes were noted in BCVA, cycloplegic refraction, and astigmatism (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.025). In patients with preoperative amblyopia (23 eyes), significant improvements were observed in BCVA and myopic shift in cycloplegic refraction (p < 0.001, p = 0.003), whereas astigmatism showed no significant change (p = 0.431). There is significant reduction of astigmatism in under 6-year-old group (p = 0.011) and no significant reduction of astigmatism in over 6-year-old group (p = 0.589). Conclusions Root Z-epicanthoplasty with lower eyelid rotation suturing demonstrated a low complication rate and no recurrence over 3-year follow-up, confirming its effectiveness in correcting lower eyelid epiblepharon. The procedure also positively influenced visual development and reduction of astigmatism in pediatric patients.

Purpose: To report the clinical outcomes of Root Z-epicanthoplasty combined with lower eyelid rotation suturing in patients with lower eyelid epiblepharon, focusing on a 3-year follow-up. Methods: Patients who underwent Root Z-epicanthoplasty combined with lower eyelid rotation suturing from March 2012 to February 2020 were included. Patients aged < 15 years, and who had a minimum 3-year follow-up, were included. We assessed changes in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), cycloplegic refraction, astigmatism, and surgical outcomes. To evaluate the influence of preoperative amblyopia, patients were divided into subgroups based on amblyopic status; surgical outcomes were compared between these groups. In addition, subgroups were divided based on age at operation and astigmatism were compared between subgroups. Results: A total of 55 patients (109 eyes) exhibited successful correction of lower eyelid epiblepharon without recurrence; one case experienced a delayed episode of lower palpebral conjunctival hemorrhage. Significant changes were observed of BCVA improvement, myopic shift of cycloplegic refraction, and astigmatism reduction three years post-surgery (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.024). In the group without preoperative amblyopia (86 eyes), significant changes were noted in BCVA, cycloplegic refraction, and astigmatism (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.025). In patients with preoperative amblyopia (23 eyes), significant improvements were observed in BCVA and myopic shift in cycloplegic refraction (p < 0.001, p = 0.003), whereas astigmatism showed no significant change (p = 0.431). There is significant reduction of astigmatism in under 6-year-old group (p = 0.011) and no significant reduction of astigmatism in over 6-year-old group (p = 0.589). Conclusions Root Z-epicanthoplasty with lower eyelid rotation suturing demonstrated a low complication rate and no recurrence over 3-year follow-up, confirming its effectiveness in correcting lower eyelid epiblepharon. The procedure also positively influenced visual development and reduction of astigmatism in pediatric patients.

PURPOSE: The homeobox (Hox) genes a and d controlling limb and genital development influence the digit ratio and the fetal production of testicular androgen, which may result in testicular descent in boys. To assess whether the digit ratio reflects disease status, we investigated the second and fourth finger lengths in children with cryptorchidism, in children with hydrocele as a disease control, and in healthy controls (boys and girls). MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred ninety-six children (46 with cryptorchidism, 50 with hydrocele, 50 healthy boys, and 50 healthy girls) who were 6 to 23 months of age were prospectively enrolled. Digit lengths were measured by 2 investigators, and the mean value was recorded. RESULTS: The second-to-fourth digit ratios (2D:4Ds) of the left hand in the cryptorchidism group, hydrocele group, healthy boys, and healthy girls were 0.958, 0.956, 0.950, and 0.956, respectively. The 2D:4D values of the right hand were 0.946, 0.945, 0.952, and 0.969, respectively. The right and left 2D:4D ratios were not significantly different among groups. The 2D:4D of both hands was not related to age, weight, or height. CONCLUSIONS: According to these results, the 2D:4D was not significantly different in boys with cryptorchidism than in boys with hydrocele or in healthy controls (boys and girls) and failed to reflect disease conditions in the infant period.
Anthropometry ; Case-Control Studies* ; Child ; Cryptorchidism* ; Extremities ; Female ; Fingers ; Genes, Homeobox ; Hand ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; Research Personnel