Multiple myeloma (MM) originates from malignant plasma cells, leading to multiple destructive lytic bone lesions that occur in more than 80%of MM patients. MicroRNAs have been reported to be involved in the development of bone lesions in MM. However, it is still unclear that microRNAs can be considered as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for bone lesions. MiR-214 and miR-135b may participate in the pathogenesis of bone marrow, which has shown a certain guiding significance in its prognosis. This paper will introduce the relationship between miR-214, miR-135b and myeloma bone disease.

Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is a rare tumor characterized by proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells,often occurs in the head and neck,followed by gastrointestinal and skin.Diagnosis is based on biopsy,which is the only accurate and reliable method.EMP is needed to discriminate with similar diseases.Radiotherapy is the preferred treatment method of EMP,because it has a higher radiation sensitivity.Sometime we can choose comprehensive treatment because of illness need.Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is not as the preferred treatment option because of transplant rejection.

Primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare malignancy with peculiar clinical and biologic features,aggressive course,and unsatisfactory outcome.the particular microenvironment of this malignancy,and sanctuary sites where tumor cells grow undisturbed, strongly affects treatment efficacy. The execution of prospective trials is also difficult because of the rarity of the tumor and the impaired general condition and poor performance status of patients. Chemotherapy is indispensable for the treatment of PCNSL. High-dose methotrexate is the most effctive drug.PCNSL is sensitive to irradiation,but responses to radiotherapy alone are short-lived. MTX-based chemotherapy followed by whole-brain radiotherapy prolonged survival but is associated with delayed neurotoxicity especially in patients older than 60 years. A new approach is attempted to treat PCNSL with chemotherapy alone with defered radiotherapy in old patients with similar survival rencenfly. High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation HDC/ASCT yielded promising results for recurent PCNSL.Clinical investigation with Temozolomide or rituximab have been reported.Further studies with these new drugs are needed.

Objective To assess the efficacy of high dose dexamethasone combined with bortezomib and thalidomide in multiple myeloma (MM) patients with acute renal failure.Methods 23 newly diagoosed MM patients with acute renal failure were treated with high dose dexamethasone combined with bortezomib and thalidomide.Results Reversal of renal failure was documented in 58.3 ％ (7/12) of those severe renal failure patients and 81.8 ％ (9/11) of renal failure patients.Renal function was reversed in 69.5 ％ (16/23) of all patients.The total response rate for MM was 60.9 ％ (14/23).The median time to response was 2 (1-5) months. Overall survival (OS) at 3 years was 56.5 ％ and the median survival time was 34.4 months.Conclusion Renal failure was reversible in the majority of newly diagnosed MM patients treated with highdose dexamethasone containing regimens.The addition of novel agents thalidomide and (or) bortezomib is safe and induces a more rapid renal failure reversal compared with routine chemotherapy.

Along with the increase of the population having malignant tumors with time,the effective treatment strategy is far behind the clinical needs. There are significant individual variation in terms of treatment response and toxic profile with the same chemotherapy regimen. Therefore,the research about the occurrence and the individualized treatment of malignant tumor is one of the current hot topics. cytochrome P450(CYPs) is part of I metabolism enzymatic system,and also is the most rich in content,the most widespread in distribution and has the broadest substrate spectrum in nature. This article reviews the relationship between cytochrome P450 and the occurrence and treatment of malignant tumors.

Objective To compare the efficacy and toxicity of thalidomide-COMP (T-COMP) and thalidomide-VAD (T-VAD) regimens in previously untreated multiple myeloma (MM) patients.Methods Forty-nine newly diagnosed MM patients were randomly allocated to either A group (thalidomide-MP/-COMP,19 cases) or B group (thalidomide-VAD,30 cases).All patients received thalidomide 200 mg p.o.daily.Patients in group A received additionally vincristine 0.4 mg i.v.on day 1-4,cyclophosphamide 200 mg i.v.on day 1-4,melphalan 4 mg tid p.o.on days 1-5,prednisone 60 mg p.o.daily on days 1-5.Patients in group B received additionally vincristine 0.4 mg i.v.on day 1-4 and epirubicin 10 mg/m2 i.v.,on day 1-4 and dexamethasone 40 mg p.o.daily on days 1-4,9-12 and 17-20 for the first cycle and on days 1-4 for the next three cycles.Treatment was administered every 28 days.The therapeutic response was evaluated based on the International Myeloma Working Group Criteria (IMWG 2006) after the treatment.The toxicity was graded according to NCI common terminology criteria for adverse events v 3.0.Results On an intention-to-treat basis,at least partial therapeutic response was observed.The rates were 73.7 ％ and 53.3 ％ in group A and B respectively (x2 =2.029,P =0.154).Overall survival (OS) rate at 2 years were 52.6 ％ (10/19) in group A and 53.3 ％ (16/30) in group B,respectively (x2 =2.468,P =0.116).Considering overall toxicity,constipation,peripheral neuropathy,dizziness/somnolence,skin rash and edema were significantly higher in group B compared with group A,but the incidence of toxicities grade 3-4 was low and similar in both arms.Conclusion The overall response rate of T-MP/T-COMP regimen is similar with that of T-VAD regimen,suggesting this regimen cannot be chosen as the first treatment for patients with non-implantation therapy.

Objective:To study the effect and influence factor analysis of DLBCL patient with early stage who receive radiotherapy after chemotherapy.Methods: 374 cases of patients with DLBCL was selected from January 2010 to December 2015 in our hospital. By random number table method, the patients were divided into CHOP group (n=104), R-CHOP+RT group (n=93), R-CHOP group (n=80), CHOP+RT group (n=97). CHOP chemotherapy was given to all patients, 180 patients received radiotherapy after chemotherapy, and 169 patients received rituximab. Survival rates were compared between the 4 groups.Results: The survival rate of R-CHOP group in 12 months, 24 months, 50 months and 100 months were lower than R-CHOP+RT group, but the difference was not statistically significant in twelfth months(x2=2.02,P>0.05). The differences of 24 months, 50 months and 100 months were statistically significant (x2=4.08,x2=4.03,x2=8.79;P<0.05); The survival rate of CHOP group was 12 months and 24 months was higher than CHOP+RT group which the difference was not statistically significant (x2=1.05,x2=0.22;P>0.05); The survival rate of CHOP group in 50 months and 100th months was lower than CHOP+RT, but the difference was no significant difference (x2=1.62,x2=0.03;P>0.05). Smoking index, whether the use of rituximab, the age associated with the survival of patients, the difference was statistically significant.Conclusion: Early DLBCL patients with R-CHOP and radiotherapy combined treatment can be effective in patients with survival, while the use of rituximab chemotherapy, in addition to smoking on the prognosis of patients with serious adverse effects.

Objective To establish a method for detecting chimerism after allogeneic stem cell transplantation using microsatellite polymorphism. Methods DNA was extracted from bone marrow or peripheral blood of 10 recipients and their donors, DNA fragments including 5 microsatellite loci were amplified by PCR, the polymorphism of PCR products was analyzed by PAGE and sliver staining, and the quantitative analysis of chimerism was performed using image analysis software. Results [WTBZ]The five selected STR loci had high polymorphism, and were suitable for detecting chimerism. The sensitivity of sliver staining was 90%. Conclusion Microsatellite polymorphism analysis based on PCR is a sensitive and accurate method to detecting chimerism after allogeneic stem cell transplantation, but the sensitivity of sliver staining was not so good,so more sensitive methods should be used.

This paper studied on breeding selenium-enriched yeast by protoplast mutagenesis. A strain which the content of selenium is the highest is selected from thirteen strains yeast. The optimum conditions to form protoplast are lysed by 1 g/100 mL lywallzyme for 120 min, the formation and regeneration being 95.2% and 21.8% respectively. By mutating breed a strain of A1 which the content of selenium is 821 mg/kg and the amount of dry cell of 0.84 g/100 mL is obtained.

Trypanosoma is a human parasite severely affecting poor tropical areas.However,current frontline drugs for Trypanosoma treatment have severe side-effects with decreased effectiveness.Based on the fact that aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase is a bonafide drug target for several microorganisms,including bacteria and fungi,it is plausible that it may also be effective target of Trypanosoma.The Trypanosoma brucei leucyl-tRNA synthetase(tbLeuRS)was cloned,expressed and purified to develop an in vitro enzymatic assay system.The assay conditions were further optimized for the effective screening of tbLeuRS inhibitors thus establishing an anti-Trypanosoma drug screening system targeting tbLeuRS.The results indicated that this system can be employed for the effective screening of anti-Trypanosoma drugs with satisfactory specificity.In addition,this system can also be used for compound optimization,as well as IC50 testing.Using this system a series of compounds are identified that are effective Trypanosoma inhibitors without toxicity to human cells.Therefore,targeting tbLeuRS may represent a new venue for the development of anti-Trypanosoma drugs.