Either injury or reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) may damage proprioceptive sense, remodel central ner-vous system and impair motor control. It is necessary to systematically remodel neuromuscular function, including proprioceptive sense cor-rection, central nervous system remodeling and motor control strengthening etc., for patients after ACL reconstruction.

bstract: Objective To elucidate the distribution characteristics of mosquito species and the population genetic diversity of important mosquito species in the Wuyi Mountain Nature Reserve, with the aim of providing a scientific basis for the prevention and control of mosquito-borne diseases in the region. Methods Within Wuyi Mountain Nature Reserve 2022- 2023, 16 sampling sites were selected, where larvae were collected using the pipette method and adult mosquitoes were collected using the mosquito trap lamp method. Mosquito species identification was accomplished by integrating morphological characteristics and molecular identification techniques based on CO Ⅰ and CO Ⅱ gene sequences. Software tools such as ClustalX, DnaSP v5.0, and Network v4.6.1.0 were utilized to analyze the genetic differentiation (Fst), gene flow (Nm) among populations of Aedes japonicus, Aedes albopictus and Armigeres subalbatus. Results The mosquito specimens collected from the Wuyi Mountain Nature Reserve were identified as 30 species belonging to 8 genera within the Culicidae family. Among them, there were 10 species of Aedes, 13 species of Culex, 1 species each of Armigeres, Orthopodomyia, Uranotaenia, Tripyeroides, and Anopheles, and 2 species of Toxorhynchites. Analysis of the genetic structure of important mosquito populations showed that the haplotype diversity index (Hd) of Ae. japonicus was 0.994 7, with a generally moderate degree of differentiation between populations and a higher degree of genetic differentiation between populations 6 and 12; Aedeslbopictus had a haplotype diversity index of 0.634 0, with significant genetic differentiation between populations 1 and 2 compared to other groups; Armigeres subalbatus had a haplotype diversity index of 0.703 3, with substantial genetic differentiation and limited gene flow between population 2 and populations 3, 4, 6, and 7. Conclusions The mosquito species are rich in Wuyi Mountain Nature Reserve. A comprehensive survey of the composition and distribution of mosquito populations was carried out, and the characteristics of the population genetic structure of the important species of Ae. japonicus, Ae. Albopictus, and Ar. subalbatus populations were analyzed, providing valuable scientific data reference for local mosquito-borne ecological research and disease prevention and control.

Although previous studies have shown functional efficacy of myelotomy for the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI), the underlying mechanism remained unknown. This study aimed to determine the relationship between myelotomy-mediated neuroprotection and autophagy following SCI by evaluating the expression of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3-II) and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Ninety-nine adult female rats were randomly assigned to either sham-operated group (SG), model group (MG), or 24 h-myelotomy group (MTG). SCI at T10 was induced with a New York University impactor, and myelotomy was performed 24 h after SCI. Functional recovery was evaluated via the open-field test. The protein expression of LC3-II was analyzed by Western blot, and the mRNA expression of LC3-II and mTORC1 were detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Rats in the MTG exhibited significantly better performance in the hind limbs compared to those in the MG on day seven and fourteen post-injury. Myelotomy suppressed the protein and mRNA expression of LC3-II on day three, seven and fourteen post-injury and increased the mRNA expression of mTORC1 in the MTG on day three and seven post-injury. The LC3-II protein expression was significantly and negatively correlated with BBB scores at day seven and fourteen post-injury. These results showed that myelotomy-induced neuroprotection in a rat model of SCI was likely mediated by inhibition of autophagy by activation of the mTORC1 signaling pathway

Objective:To assess the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the eleven-item Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale (KADS-11)in Chinese adolescents,calculate its optimal cut-off value and the sensi-tivity and specificity,and explore the possibility of providing a useful tool to assess the severity of adolescent de-pressive symptoms.Methods:Totally 3180 students aged 11 -17 years were selected from schools in 6 provinces and Shanghai.All of them were asked to complete the KADS-11 and Children Depression Inventory (CDI). Students whose CDI scores were above 19 (including 19)were diagnosed with the DSM-IV criteria of depressive disorder,73 students from Shanghai sample were assessed with KADS-11 and CDI to analyze the test-retest reliabil-ity 1 month later.Results:Exploratory factor analysis showed that KADS-11 had 2 factors,and confirmatory factor analysis tested proved the 2-factor model fit better than the one-factor model.The KADS-11 total scores were posi-tively correlated with CDI total scores (r =0.74,P <0.01 ),and the KADS-11 scores were higher in depressive group than those in non-depressive group.The mean area under the curve (AUC)of KADS-11was 0.94,the mean area under the curve of each item ranged from 0.7 to 0.9.The optimal cut-off point of KADS-11 was total score≥9,sensitivity and specificity were 89% and 90% respectively.The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the KADS-11 was 0.84,the spilt-half reliability coefficient was 0.71 (P <0.01),and the test-retest coefficient was 0.77 (P <0.01).Conclusion:The KADS-11 is appropriate for Chinese adolescents because of its good validity,reliability and diagnosis accuracy,it could be used to assess depressive symptoms for adolescents.

Objective This article reviews the curriculum framework, teaching content, teaching method and application effects of stimulation teaching of hospice care for nursing undergraduates and reveals its inspirations to China, in order to provide a reference for the further development of China's hospice education.

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common malignant tumor in women worldwide, cervical cancer is also the only malignant tumor that is considered to be a known cause in human tumors, however, there is no significant decline in cervical cancer morbidity and mortality. It is estimated that there were about 570, 000 new cases of cervical cancer in the world in 2018, accounting for 3.15% of all cancer cases; and there were about 310, 000 deaths of cervical cancer, accounting for 3.26% of all cancer deaths. The burden of cervical cancer worldwide is severe. The article summarizes the epidemiological trends of cervical cancer worldwide with the latest data, and provides etiological basis and theoretical support for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer in women.

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common malignant tumor in women worldwide, cervical cancer is also the only malignant tumor that is considered to be a known cause in human tumors, however, there is no significant decline in cervical cancer morbidity and mortality. It is estimated that there were about 570, 000 new cases of cervical cancer in the world in 2018, accounting for 3.15% of all cancer cases; and there were about 310, 000 deaths of cervical cancer, accounting for 3.26% of all cancer deaths. The burden of cervical cancer worldwide is severe. The article summarizes the epidemiological trends of cervical cancer worldwide with the latest data, and provides etiological basis and theoretical support for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer in women.

Purpose To investigate the cell components in different tumor lineages of multiple synchronous pituitary neuro-endocrine tumors(PitNETs)/neuroendocrine tumors(MSPs)and to carry out accurate histological typing,which provides an important basis for determining the follow-up plan and adjuvant therapy after surgery.Methods The clinical data of 855 pa-tients with PitNETs were collected and reclassified according to the new WHO standard.The clinicopathological features of 13 patients diagnosed as MSPs were analyzed retrospectively.The immunohistochemical EnVision two-step method was used to de-tect the expression of PIT-1,SF-1,T-PIT,GH,PRL,TSH,LH,FSH,ACTH,etc.,and related literatures were reviewed.Methods A total of 855 cases of pituitary neuroendocrine tumor from the second hospital of the Chinese Hebei Medical U-niversity were collected and reclassified according to the new WHO standard,and review the literature.Results(1)The age of patients were 39-68 years with median age of 55 years.7 cases were female and 6 were male;(2)Imaging findings:There was 1.2～3.8 cm(mean 2.5 cm)in maximum tumor di-ameter.13 patients were large adenomas,neither MSPs nor sin-gle lineage PitNETs could not assessed on imaging;(3)Clinical manifestations:3 cases had hyperprolactinemia which all contai-ning PitNETs components of PRL,one case was immature PIT-1 polyhormone cell tumor,one was dense granular prolactinoma,and one case was eosinophilic stem tumor.One patient had Cushing's disease and contained a Crook cell tumor component;two had elevated ACTH,and one had an adrenocorticotropic ad-enomatous component.In the two patients with no evidence of hormone excess,all contained gonadotropin cell tumor compo-nents;(4)Combination form:11 cases of the combination of the two cell lineages(5 cases of combination of SF-1 lineage and PIT-1 lineage;4 cases of combination of T-PIT lineage and PIT-1 lineage;1 case of null cell tumor and PIT-1 lineage;1 case of plurihormonal PitNETs and SF-1 lineage);Two cases of three cell combinations(null cell tumor,PIT-1 lineage,and T-PIT lineage);Among them,13 cases were PIT-1 lineage tumors,46.2％(6/13)were gonadotropin cell tumor,38.5％(5/13)were prolactinoma;(5)The presence of high-risk lineage tumors in the 10 patient combinations:3 immature PIT-1-lineage tumor,1 Crooke cell PitNETs,1 acidophil stem cells tumor,3 zero-cell PitNETs,and 4 silent-type sparse granular adrenocorti-cotropic hormone PitNETs;Two of them were combinations of two high-risk subtypes.Conclusion MSPs in our center are large adenomas,although their incidence is only 1.5％of Pit-NETs,2/3 cases have high-risk lineage tumor components,and the use of pituitary cell lineage transcription factors and adeno-hypophyseal hormones plays an important role in distinguishing and clarifying the different components of MSPs.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of acidophil stem cell pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNET)/adenoma.Methods:Five cases of acidophil stem cell PitNET/adenoma were diagnosed between May 2022 and July 2023 at the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China. The clinicopathological features of the tumor were analyzed by using histology, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. The relevant literature was reviewed.Results:There were 1 male and 4 females, aged from 23 to 69 years. Patient 3 was 55 years old at the time of diagnosis and first surgery, and relapsed 5 years later. The patients′ median age was 32 years. Patients 1 and 5 showed elevated blood prolactin, with various degrees of hormonal symptoms except Patient 3, who showed only tumor compression symptoms. Imaging studies showed that all cases involved the sellar floor. The tumors of Patients 1, 2 and 5 were closely related to the cavernous sinus segment of the internal carotid artery. The tumors exhibited a diffuse growth pattern with chromophobic to slightly acidophilic cytoplasm. A few of tumor cells showed chromophobic cytoplasm. The nucleoli were conspicuous. Intranuclear inclusion bodies and variably-sized clear vacuoles were observed occasionally. Under electron microscope, marked mitochondrial abnormalities were observed, including increased mitochondria number, expanded hypertrophy, and absence of mitochondrial ridge fracture. Some mitochondrial matrices were dense, while some were vacuolated.Conclusions:Acidophil stem cell PitNET/adenoma is a rare type of pituitary adenomas/PitNETs. It often has a more clinically aggressive manner with immature cells, diffuse expression of PIT1, prolactin, and varying degrees of growth hormone expression. Because of the obvious diversity of their clinical hormone status and hormone immune expression, the diagnosis of this type tumor is still a challenge.

Objective:To observe the ratio of helper T cells 17 (Th17)/regulatory T cells (Treg) in peripheral blood of patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and the expression changes of related cytokines in serum, and to explore their role in the occurrence and development of HT.Methods:Using the case-control study method, 35 HT patients examined in the General Hospital of Heilongjiang Beidahuang Group from February to November 2019 were selected as HT group, and 39 healthy people in the same period were selected as control group. Early morning fasting venous blood samples of the two groups were collected to test the levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT 4), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb). The expressions of serum interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17 and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); the number of Th17, Treg in peripheral blood were determined by flow cytometry. Results:The levels of TPOAb, TgAb and TSH in HT group [130.60 (43.37, 714.40), 368.10 (136.90, 1 103.00) U/ml, 9.05 (6.62, 15.23) μU/ml] were significantly higher than those in control group [2.66 (1.52, 4.69), 12.63 (11.43, 14.60) U/ml, 1.87 (1.36, 2.23) μU/ml, U = 6.87, 6.62, 4.85, P < 0.001], and the FT 4 level [0.76 (0.63, 1.04) ng/dl] was lower than that in control group [1.14 (1.02, 1.26) ng/dl, U = 7.39, P < 0.001]. The expressions of IL-6, IL-17 and TGF-β in HT group were higher than those in control group ( t = 2.41, 9.04, 2.44, P < 0.05). The number of Th17 and the ratio of Th17/Treg in HT group were higher than those in control group ( t = 4.20, 3.50, P < 0.05), and the number of Treg was lower than that in control group ( t = 4.45, P = 0.001). Conclusion:In HT patients, Th17 are increased, Treg decreased, Th17/Treg ratio increased, and the expressions of IL-6, IL-17 and TGF-β are increased.