Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Rhinitis ; Sinusitis

Environment ; Humans ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; epidemiology

Chronic Disease ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Humans ; Research ; Sinusitis ; therapy

Humans ; Rhinitis ; classification

Child ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal ; diagnosis ; therapy

Objective To explore the effect of vagus nerve stimualtion on wake-promoting and the expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) 2A receptor in the prefrontal contex of coma rats with traumatic brain injury. Methods 72 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divid-ed into control group, sham-stimulated group, stimulated group and antagonist group with 18 rats in each group. Traumatic brain injury mod-el was established by a weight-drop head injury. The antagonist group was injected with SB334867, and both the antagonist group and the stimulated group received vagus nerve stimulation. Their behaviors were recorded. And immunohistochemistry technique was used to detect the expression of 5-HT2A receptor in the prefrontal cortex. Results 12 rats in the stimulated group, 9 in the antagonist group and 4 in the sham-stimulated woke up. The expression of 5-HT2A receptor from low to high was ranged as the control group, the antagonist group, the sham-stimulated group and the stimulated group (χ2=11.464, P=0.009). Conclusion Vagus nerve stimulation could raise consciousness in co-ma rats after traumatic brain injury, which may be related to up-regulating the expression of 5-HT2A receptor.

Multi-tragets are used for deep brain stimulation (DBS) to promote wakefulness, such as midbrain, thalamus, hypothalamus, etc. Lateral hypothalamic area may be one of the most potential tragets.

Humans ; Neoplasms ; genetics ; immunology ; therapy ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering ; RNA-Induced Silencing Complex

Child ; Humans ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial

Anaphylaxis ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Rhinitis ; classification ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal ; Terminology as Topic