ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of expressional chimeric faces on the attentional bias in unilateral spatial neglect (USN) patients.Methods12 USN patients and 30 matched healthy controls (HC) were involved in this study.All of them were performed with happy-neutral and sad-neutral expressional chimeric faces (ECF) and the attentional deviation scores were compared between and within groups.ResultsThere were statistically significant differences of attentional deviation scores ( happy-neutral ECF:t =15.550,P ＜ 0.0l ; sadneutral ECF:t=12.192,P＜0.01 ) between the USN group (happy-neutral ECF:0.78 ±0.22;sad-neutral ECF:0.50 ±0.20) and the HC group (happy-neutral ECF:-0.31 ±0.20;sad-neutral ECF:-0.25 ±0.17),with rightward bias in the USN group and small leftward bias in the HC group.For the USN group,the magnitude of rightward bias in the sad-neutral ECF condition was reduced than in the happy-neutral ECF condition ( t =3.954,P=0.002 ).There were no statistically differences under happy-and sad-neutral ECF conditions within the HC group ( t =- 1.302,P =0.203 ).ConclusionsUSN patients show rightward attentional bias under both happyand sad-neutral ECF conditions.However,the magnitude of rightward bias under the sad-neutral ECF condition are reduced significantly.This might be attributed to the unconscious processing of stimuli in the neglected side and emotion cognition of the brain hemispheres.

Objective To explore neglect dyslexia in unilateral spatial neglect patients,the error type and whether there exists word length and semantic effect.Methods Ten left spatial neglect patients were investigated by Chinese characters reading material.Results Unilateral spatial patients showed neglect dyslexia (202 neglect errors,94.0％ of the total 215 errors) when reading.The most common errors were omissions (148 errors,73.3％ of the total 202 neglect errors),followed by substitutions and additions.The error rate of two words was 9.9％ ± 8.4％,while the rate of three words was 18.8％ ± 16.2％.Performance was worse with the increase of word length (T =-55,P ＜ 0.05).The error rate of words was 8.3％ ± 7.5％,while the rate of non-words was 18.9％ ± 16.6％,and the rate of non-words was worse than that of words (T =-55,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Our study has shown that omissions are the most common error type of neglect dyslexia in Chinese unilateral spatial neglect patients,and the impairment include word length effect.The patients with unilateral spatial neglect show preserved semantic processing in the neglect side.

The occurrence of malignant tunors is increasing annually around the world.In every year,8.2 million patients died of malignant tumors in which about 90％ patients died of malignant tumors associated multiple organs metastases.Inhibiting tumor metastasis is the key event to prolong the survival time of patients.With the further research,tumor-vessel associated extravascular tumor metastasis is playing an increasingly important role in the clinical application.This paper summarizes the new developments of tumor-vessel associated extravascular tumor metastasis to provide possible ideas for the therapy of malignant tumors.

OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of oil phase,emulsifier and drugs on reverse microemulsion.METHODS:Pseudo-ternary phase diagram was adopted to study the effect of Span-80/Tween-80(emulsifier),thymopentin(model drug), long-chain glyceride,medium-chain glyceride,non-glyceride(oil phase).on the preparation of reverse microemulsions.Optimal formula of reverse microemulsions was selected.RESULTS:The largest water-in-oil(W/O)area was obtained in reverse microemulsion which was prepared using medium-chain glyceride as oil phase.Final formula was confirmed and contained distilled water/ Span-80/Tween-80/caprylic/capric triglyceride(2∶3∶6∶9).In addition,thymopentin was incorporated into the aqueous phase.CONCLUSIONS:The preparation of reverse microemulsions will be influenced by emulsifier,constitution of oil phase and drug.The influence factors for the actual preparation of reverse microemulsions should be optimized.

Objective To investigate the effect of persistent concept based on strong concept on long-term hope of patients with breast cancer undergoing extended-concept nursing.Methods Two hundred and sixty-six patients with breast cancer were randomly divided into control group (n=62) and observation group (n=64) according to the discharge order.The routine health education and instruction were carried out plus strong concept of nursing intervention for three times during hospitalization.About 2 months after discharge the observation group was treated with the strong concept of nursing intervention (1 month,4 times) and the control group without strong concept of nursing intervention.The two groups were assessed with Hirth hope index (HHI) at discharge and six months after discharge.Results There was no significant difference in hope level between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05)at discharge.Six months after discharge,the scores of hope in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05) and with out statistical sigficance when comaparing to who at discharge(P ＞ 0.05).The HHI score of the control group 6 moths after discharge was significantly lower than that of the control group at discharge (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The strong concept nursing intervention during hospitalization can effectively improve the hope level of patients with breast cancer surgery.

Objective To explore the effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) on adiponectin (APN) expression and the mechanism of lowering blood-lipid and anti-inflammation in atherosclerotic (AS) mice.Methods C57BL/6J mice with normal feed were chosen as control group.Thirty-two ApoE-/-mice with high cholesterol diet were successfully established as AS models,and then the mice were randomly divided into model group and three LBP groups,which were feed with high,medium,and low dose of LBP.After feeding for four weeks,aortic blood and tissues were collected.Blood-lipid,inflammatory factors,endothelin-1 (ET-1),APN,AdipoR1,and AMPK pathway related protein expression were detected.Differentiated 3T3-L1 cells were divided into control group,LBP group,and LBP + BML-275 group.Triglyceride (TG),inflammatory factors,APN,AdipoR1,and AMPK pathway related protein expression was investigated.Results In mice,compared with the control group,typical AS pathomorphologic changes were found in aorta and the levels of TG,total cholesterol (TC),nitric oxide (NO),ET-1,interleukin-6 (IL-6),and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) in the model group were significantly increased,while the protein expression of HDL-C,APN,AdipoR1,PPARα,AMPKα,and p-AMPK-α and Acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO) mRNA expression was reduced.Compared with the model group,AS pathomorphologic state was obviously improved in aorta and the amount of TG,TC,NO,ET-1,IL-6,and TNF-α in LBP groups were markedly decreased,while the protein expression of HDL-C,APN,AdipoR1,PPARα,AMPKα,p-AMPKα,and ACO mRNA expression was up-regulated.These changes were all in a dose-dependent manner.In differentiated 3T3-L1 fat cells,compared with control group,LBP enhanced the expression of APN,AdipoR1,PPARα,AMPKα,p-AMPKα,and ACO,but decreased the amount of TG,IL-6,and TNF-α.Compared with LBP group,the levels of TG,IL-6 and TNF-α was notably increased in BML-275 group.Conclusion LBP up-regulates the expression of APN and AdipoR1,activates APN/AMPK pathway,plays a role in lowering blood-lipid and anti-inflammation,and thus relieves AS in mice.

Objective To systematically review the effect of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in an animal model of lung injury induced by paraquat (PQ),and to provide a theoretical basis for future clinical trials.Methods The Wanfang,CNKI,VIP,PubMed/MEDLINE,EMBASE database (from January 1979 to September 2012) were searched.All papers concerning TCM in animal model of lung injury induced by PQ were retrieved.Study selection and data extraction were performed on the basis of Cochrane systematic review methods.Weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95％ confidence interval (95％CI) with random effects model was adopted to investigate the effect of TCM on lung injury induced by PQ.Results Eighteen papers involving 1 188 rats met our criteria.Meta-analysis showed that TCM could improve the lung coefficiency (WMD-0.07,95％ CI-0.14 to-0.01,P=0.03),reduce lung wet/dry weight ratio (WMD-1.15,95％CI-2.03 to-0.27,P=0.01),increase the serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (WMD 56.08,95％CI 23.46 to 88.70,P=0.000 8),improve plasma glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) level (WMD 26.64,95％CI 18.95 to 34.33,P＜0.000 01),and lower serum malondialdehyde(MDA) level (WMD-0.65,95％CI-1.00 to-0.30,P=0.000 2),however there was no significant difference in the level of serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and hydroxyproline (HYP) level between TCM and controls (TNF-α:WMD-25.15,95％CI-54.87 to 4.57,P=0.10; HYP:WMD-0.11,95％CI-2.71 to 0.48,P=0.17).Conclusions These findings demonstrate the efficacy of TCM in animal models of lung injury induced by PQ.However taking account of heterogeneity,the efficacy should be interpreted with caution.

Objective To explore the mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in the treatment of concanavalin A (ConA)-induced acute immune liver injury in mice.Methods MSC were isolated and cultured from bone of the four limbs of three-week-old C57BL/6 mice.The specific surface markers were identified and osteogenic,adipogenic differentiation ability were tested.A total of 15 six to seven-week old C57BL/6 mice were divided into control group,MSC treatment group and phosphate buffer saline (PBS) treatment group,five mice in each group.The mice of MSC treatment group was injected through tail firstly with ConA and then MSC,PBS treatment group was injected through tail firstly with ConA and then PBS,control group was injected through tail with PBS twice.The mice were sacrificed in 14 to 16 hours after injection.The level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate transaminase (AST) in peripheral blood were detected and the pathological change in liver tissue was scored by Knodell score system.Activation rate of splenic CD4+ T cells and the proportion changes of T hepler cell (Th)1,Th2,Th17 and regulatory T cells (Treg) were detected by flow cytometry and the ratio of Th17/Treg was calculated.The levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α),interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-4 in peripheral blood were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Independent-sample t test was used for comparison between groups of measurement data.Results ALT,AST and Knodell score of MSC treatment group was (174.2± 46.9) U/L,(185.6± 71.6) U/L and 3.4±1.3,respectively,which were better than those of PBS treatment group ((647.0± 118.0) U/L,(749.0± 104.0) U/L and 5.2 ±0.8,respectively),and the differences were statically significant (t =8.33,9.98 and 2.55,all P＜0.05).The activation rate of splenic CD4+ T cell of PBS treatment group was (26.10±2.17) ％,the proportion of Th1 and Th2 in CD4+ T cell was (5.81±0.79) ％ and (5.98± 1.22)％,the ratio of Th17/Treg was 0.29±0.03,the levels of TNF-α,IFN-γ and IL4 in peripheral blood were (1 281.95±88.61) U/L,(1 838.66±196.91) U/L and (1 192.36±163.94) U/L,which were higher than those of control group ((13.74±1.59)％,(1.35±0.17)％,(2.13±0.17)％,0.15± 0.05,(21.71±2.50) U/L,(11.84±1.28) U/L and (24.46±3.96) U/L),and the differences were statistically significant (t=10.26,12.37,7.02,5.30,31.79,15.93 and 20.75,all P＜0.01).There was no statistically significant difference in the activation rate of splenic CD4+T cell between MSC treatment group and PBS treatment group ((26.20±3.09)％ vs (26.10±2.17)％,P＞0.05).However,in MSC treatment group,the proportion of Th1 and Th2 in CD4+ T cell ((1.83±0.52) ％ and (2.75±1.06％)),the ratio of Th17/Treg (0.18±0.02) and the levels of TNF-α,IFN-γ and IL-4 in peripheral blood ((760.71± 73.19) U/L,(742.49±76.46) U/L and (825.76±101.74) U/L) significantly decreased compared with those of PBS treatment group,and the differences were statistically significant (t=9.45,4.48,6.41,10.14,5.56 and 10.22,all P＜0.01).There was no significant difference in the ratio of Th17/Treg between MSC treatment group and control group (P＞0.05).Conclusions The therapeutic effects of MSC on ConA induced acute immune liver injury were through influence splenic CD4+ T cell subsets by decreasing the proportion of Th1 and Th2 and then declining the levels of secreted cytokines such as TNF,IFN-γ and IL-4 in peripheral blood,increasing the proportion of Treg and decreasing the proportion of Th17 and keeping the balance of Th17/Treg.

Objective To examine the expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) in a rat model of retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI),and investigate the protective effect of 17β-Estradiol (E2) on RIRI and explore the mechanism.Methods The RIRI model was established in Sprague-Dawley rats by increasing the intraocular pressure.Relative expression levels of SDF-1 mRNA and protein in the retina at 6 hours,12 hours and 24 hours following reperfusion was determined by RT-PCR and Western blot,respectively.E2 was administered to investigate the effects of estrogen on SDF-1 expression,and the estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182-780 was administered to investigate the effect of estrogen receptor on the expression of SDF-1.Results SDF-1 expression in RIRI 6 hours group,12 hours group and 24 hours group was increased compared with normal control group (all P ＜ 0.05),with maximum expression at RIRI 12 hours group.As expected,pretreatment of RIRI rats with E2 had a protection on RIRI retina;SDF-1 expression was increased in RIRI + E2 group compared with IR control group and RIRI + vehicle group (all P ＜ 0.05).RIRI + E2 + ICI 182-780 group could decrease SDF-1 expression compared with RIRI + E2 group(all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion E2 offers protection against RIRI by inducing an up-regulation in SDF-1 expression through activation of the estrogen receptor.