BACKGROUND:Previous studies have found that endogenous gaseous signaling molecules such as NO, CO, H2S and SO2 play an important role in acute lung injury;there also have other gases participation, such as carbonyl sulfide.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of carbonyl sulfide for limb ischemia-reperfusion induced acute lung injury and its mechanism in rats.
METHODS:A total of 64 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into eight groups. Control group:without treatment;model group:limb ischemia for 4 hours and then reperfusion for 2 hours. Low-, moderate-and high-dose carbonyl sulfide groups were intraperitoneal y injected with 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 mL carbonyl sulfide respectively at 20 minutes before ischemia for 4 hours and reperfusion for 2 hours. Low-, moderate-and high-dose air groups were intraperitoneal y injected with 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 mL air respectively at 20 minutes before ischemia for 4 hours and reperfusion for 2 hours. 2 hours after reperfusion, the morphological changes of lung tissues and the change of lung coefficient were observed. The expressions of tumor necrosis factor-a, interleukin-1βand interleukin-6 both in lung tissue and serum were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Cel apoptosis was measured by TUNEL assay.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Compared with the control group, significant damage of lung tissue was seen, and the lung coefficient increased significantly in the model group (P<0.05). The expressions of tumor necrosis factor-a, interleukin-l and interleukin-6 both in lung tissue and plasma increased (P<0.05), and apoptotic rate increased. (2) Compared with the model group, low-, moderate-and high-doses of carbonyl sulfide could mitigate the degree of lung injury, and reduce pulmonary coefficient and apoptotic rate. The low dose showed the most obvious effect. Low-and moderate-dose carbonyl sulfide could significantly decrease expressions of tumor necrosis factor-a, interleukin-1βand interleukin-6 both in lung tissue and plasma (P<0.05). (3) No significant difference in each index was visible in the low-, moderate-and high-dose air groups compared with the model group. (4) Results suggested that low dose of exogenous carbonyl sulfide through anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant effects plays the protective role on limb ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute lung injury in rats.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of moxibustion with seed-sized moxa cone at "Ganshu" (BL 18) on liver furiction and morphology in rat with precancerous lesion of hepatic cellular cancer MCC).

METHODSA total of 60 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a normal group (10 rats), a model group (20 rats), a 20-day treatment group (15 rats) and a 40-day treatment group (15 rats). HCC model was established by intraperitoneal injection of diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Rats in the normal group received no treatment. Rats in the model group were treated with fixation. Rats in the 20-day treatment group and 40-day treatment group were treated by moxibustion with seed-sized moxa cone at "Ganshu" (BL 18), once every other day, for 20 days and 40 days, respectively. Blood sample in each group was collected 1 d before model establishment, 20 d, 40 d and 84 d after model establishment. Chemical method was applied to test the activity of ALT (alamine aminotransferase), AST (aspartate transaminase) and GGT (glutamyl transpeptidase); at the end of model establishment, all the rats were sacrificed to observe the liver morphology changes.

RESULTSAfter the first therapeutic course, the. content of ALT and AST in the 20-day treatment group was significantly lower than that in the model group (all P<0. 05); after the second therapeutic course, the content of ALT, AST and GGT in the 40-day treatment group was insignificantly lower than that in the model group (all P>0. 05). Under light microscope, the slice of liver tissue indicated that primary tumor was induced in the model group, and the tumor cells were stained and irregular; the cytoplasm in the 20-day treatment group was even, and the tumor cells were few with several nodules alone. In the 40-day treatment group the liver morphology was normal and the staining was even; the tumor cells were few without nodules or a few. Conclusion Moxibustion with seed-sized moxa cone at "Ganshu" (BL 18) could reduce the serum content of ALT, AST and GGT in rats with HCC, which could protect the liver and: delay the DEN-induced precancerous lesion on some levels.

Acupuncture Points ; Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; blood ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; Liver Neoplasms ; enzymology ; pathology ; therapy ; Male ; Moxibustion ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; gamma-Glutamyltransferase ; blood

The traditional conotation of combination of disease and syndrome means the combination of disease differentiation in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) diseases and TCM syndrome differentiation,which was derived from the Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic.And the Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases describes the clinical application of this theory.Under the background of integrative medicine,the modern conotation of combination of disease and syndrome means TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment based on modern medicine disease differentiation,which is commonly used in the current clinical practice.The disease and syndrome combination diagnosis mode based on syndrome,etiology,pathology and pharmacology can understand the disease from a multiple and comprehensive level,in order to realize the combination and complementation of advantages from both medicines.In addition,formula-syndrome relation means the relationship between the formula and its relevant indications.In general,indications often involve syndromes,symptoms,diseases and body constitutions.And the application of formula in the Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases is the representative of this theory.Hence,the application of associated classical formula gives example to the clinical formula-syndrome relation application in modem times.

Objective : To study the regulatory effect of coiled-coil domain containing 134 (CCDC134) on the osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). Methods : HDPSCs were isolated and cultured from dental pulp tissue and transfected with NC-CCDC134, shCCDC134 and CCDC134 lentiviruses. They were divided into the control group, negative control group, CCDC134 downregulation (shCCDC134) group and CCDC134 overexpression (CCDC134) group. Surface markers of hDPSCs (Stro-1, CD105, CD34, CD45) were detected by flow cytometry; colony formation was analyzed by toluidine blue staining; ALP expression was estimated by ALP staining; mineralized nodule formation was evaluated by alizarin red staining; lipid droplet formation was examined by oil red staining; and gene and protein expression of CCDC134, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteocalcin (OCN), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), and mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 1 (SMAD1) was detected by qPCR and western blot, respectively. Further, a BMP-2 activator (BMP-2) and inhibitor (Dorsomorphin) were used to down-regulate and up-regulate CCDC134, respectively (shCCDC134, shCCDC134+BMP-2, CCDC134, CCDC134+Dorsomorphin), in hDPSCs. The hDPSC aggregates were subcutaneously transplanted into nude mice for 2 months, and new bone formation was detected by H&E staining. The BMP-2/SMAD1 signaling in each group was detected by qPCR. Results: hDPSCs showed high expression of mesenchymal markers and low expression of hematopoietic markers. Compared with the control group, the expression of CCDC134 was increased in the osteogenic-induced hDPSCs (P < 0.05). Compared with the negative control group, the expression of CCDC134 was decreased in the shCCDC134 group, whereas it was increased in the CCDC134 group (P < 0.05). The mineralized nodules, osteogenic genes and proteins in the shCCDC134 group were decreased (P < 0.05), while they were increased in the CCDC134 group (P < 0.05). The expression of BMP-2/SMAD1 signaling decreased in the shCCDC134 group, while it increased in the CCDC134 group (P < 0.05). Compared to the shCCDC134 group, osteogenic genes and proteins increased in the shCCDC134+BMP-2 group, and subcutaneous new bone formation increased in nude mice (P < 0.05). The indexes of the CCDC134+Dorsomorphin group decreased compared with the CCDC134 group (P < 0.05). Conclusion CCDC134 promotes the osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs by regulating the BMP-2/SMAD1 signaling pathway.

Methylation plays a vital role in biological systems. SAM (S-adenosyl-L-methionine), an abundant cofactor in life, acts as a methyl donor in most biological methylation reactions. SAM-dependent methyltransferases (MTase) transfer a methyl group from SAM to substrates, thereby altering their physicochemical properties or biological activities. In recent years, many SAM analogues with alternative methyl substituents have been synthesized and applied to methyltransferases that specifically transfer different groups to the substrates. These include functional groups for labeling experiments and novel alkyl modifications. This review summarizes the recent progress in the synthesis and application of SAM methyl analogues and prospects for future research directions in this field.
S-Adenosylmethionine/metabolism* ; Methionine ; Methyltransferases/metabolism* ; Methylation ; Racemethionine

Objective:To evaluate the clinical application of urine sediment score (USS) in early diagnosis, etiological differentiation, staging and prognosis of acute kidney injury (AKI), and to investigate the diagnostic efficacy of independent USS and its combination with blood urea nitrogen(Bun) serum creatinine(sCr) and uric acid(UA) in AKI.Methods:From August 23 to September 28, 2023, 9 020 morning urine samples of hospitalized patients in the First Hospital of Jilin University were detected by Sysmex UF5000.A total of 3 226 ssamples with small and round cell (SRC) > 1/μl and/or CAST>1/μl were screened for microscopic examination, and 404 cases with positive renal tubular epithelial cells and/or cast were enrolled in this study. There were 218 males and 186 females, aged 59.5 (49.0, 71.0) years. The 404 cases were divided into the USS AKI group (345 cases) and the USS non-AKI group (59 cases) according to the USS results based on the microscopic findings. According to Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria, they were divided into KDIGO criteria AKI group (63 cases) and KDIGO criteria non-AKI group (341 cases), and the AKI group was divided into renal AKI group (33 cases) and non-renal AKI group (30 cases). According to the clinical diagnosis recorded in the medical records, they were divided into clinically diagnosed AKI group (29 cases) and clinically diagnosed non-AKI group (375 cases).The χ 2 test or Fisher exact test was used to compare USS in different AKI causes and stages. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio of renal AKI and stage 3 AKI. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of USS, sCr, UA and Bun alone and in combination in the diagnosis of AKI, and the best cut-off value, sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of AKI were calculated. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:The USS was used to identify the etiology of KDIGO standard AKI group,and there were significant differences in USS between renal AKI group and non-renal AKI group (χ 2=11.070, P<0.001). Compared to USS=1, the odds ratio of renal AKI was 8.125 when USS≥2 (95% CI 2.208—29.901). There was a statistically significant difference in the comparison of USS between groups in each stage of the AKI staging study based on USS (χ 2=15.724, P<0.05). Compared to USS=1, the odds ratio of stage 3 AKI was 9.714 when USS≥2 (95% CI 1.145-82.390). The AUC of independent USS in the diagnosis of AKI was 0.687 (95% CI 0.618-0.757, P<0.001), the specificity was 65.7% and the sensitivity was 61.9%. The AUC of USS combined with Bun, sCr, UA in the diagnosis of AKI was 0.794 (95% CI 0.608-0.980, P<0.05), the specificity was 82.4%, and the sensitivity was 88.9%. Conclusions:There wasan increased likelihood of renal AKI or stage 3 AKI while USS≥2,and whose combination with Bun, sCr and UA will improve the diagnostic efficiency of AKI.

Injury to peripheral nerves can lead to neuropathic pain, along with well-studied effects on sensory neurons, including hyperexcitability, abnormal spontaneous activity, and neuroinflammation in the sensory ganglia. Neuropathic pain can be enhanced by sympathetic activity. Peripheral nerve injury may also damage sympathetic axons or expose them to an inflammatory environment. In this study, we examined the lumbar sympathetic ganglion responses to two rat pain models: ligation of the L5 spinal nerve, and local inflammation of the L5 dorsal root ganglion (DRG), which does not involve axotomy. Both models resulted in neuroinflammatory changes in the sympathetic ganglia, as indicated by macrophage responses, satellite glia activation, and increased numbers of T cells, along with very modest increases in sympathetic neuron excitability (but not spontaneous activity) measured in ex vivo recordings. The spinal nerve ligation model generally caused larger responses than DRG inflammation. Plasticity of the sympathetic system should be recognized in studies of sympathetic effects on pain.
Action Potentials ; physiology ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Ganglia, Sympathetic ; pathology ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; metabolism ; Hyperalgesia ; etiology ; Ligation ; adverse effects ; Macrophages ; pathology ; Male ; Neurogenic Inflammation ; etiology ; Pain ; etiology ; pathology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries ; complications ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta ; metabolism

Objective To explore the valve regurgitation status of left heart after the implantation of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) and its effect on prognosis of patients with LVAD implantation. Methods A total of 35 patients with cardiomyopathy who underwent magnetic levitation LVAD implantation at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University from February 2021 to July 2024 were retrospectively selected. Clinical data during hospitalization were collected, including preoperative basic data and postoperative valve regurgitation status. Telephone follow-ups were conducted to monitor patients’ survival status and transthoracic echocardiography was used to assess left valve function. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and log-rank test were employed to compare the survival rate of patients with different levels of valve regurgitation. Results The 35 patients had a mean age of (53.9±11.1) years, with 85.7% male, and 3 patients (8.6%) died during hospitalization. Preoperatively, 17 patients (48.6%) had moderate or greater mitral regurgitation, while all 35 patients had less than moderate aortic regurgitation. One month postoperatively, thirty patients were followed up, among which 24 patients (80%) had less than moderate mitral regurgitation, including 11 cases with alleviated regurgitation compared to pre-surgery; 6 patients (20%) had moderate or greater mitral regurgitation, including 4 cases with stable regurgitation and 2 cases with progression of regurgitation compared to pre-surgery; 2 patients (6.7%) had progression of aortic regurgitation to moderate or greater. The follow-up time was 1.2 (1.0, 2.1) years, with 1-year survival rate of 91.4% and 3-year survival rate of 71.1%. Survival analysis showed that the 3-year survival rate of patients with moderate or greater mitral regurgitation one month postoperatively was significantly lower than that of patients with less than moderate regurgitation (66.7% vs 83.3%, P＝0.046). Conclusions After the implantation of magnetic levitation LVAD, most patients showed improvement in mitral regurgitation, while aortic regurgitation remained unchanged. The degree of mitral regurgitation one month postoperatively is associated with prognosis.