In this paper, the advances of the treatment for the most common pulmonary mycosis is introduced, and the recommended medications described. It is indicated that amphotericin B is still the first choice for the treatment of severe and rapidly progressive pulmonary mycosis. Lipid formulations of AmB can be used for those refractory or intolerant to the conventional amphotericin B. Fluconazole has proved effective in treating pulmonary candidosis, cryptococosis and coccidioidomysis. Itraconazole has been widely used in the treatment of pulmonary aspergillosis, histoplasmosis ans coccidioidomycosis.

Elderly individuals make up a considerable large part of the breast cancer population.There are many different biological and pathological characteristics for this population as compared with the younger ones.Evidences on the treatment of elder patients with breast cancer are scarce.This article reviews the studies in the treatment and provides suggestions for the care of elder women with breast cancer.

Objective To study the effects and the therapeutic mechanism of Humulus scandens particles ( HSP ) on the mice with chronic bronchitis ( CB ) . Methods Mice were divided into normal control group, dextromethorphan group or ammonium chloride group, the high-, middle-and low-dose of HSP groups ( These three groups received gavage administration of HSP at 3.00 g??kg-1, 1.50 g??kg-1 and 0.75 g??kg-1,respectively) randomly.The effects of HSP on ammonia-induced cough and trachea phenol red excretion in mice were observed.CB mouse model was established by inhaling smoke and formaldehyde.In total, 60 mice were divided into 6 groups by the method of random digits table: normal control group, model control group, Guilong kechuanning capsule group, the high-, middle-and low-dose HSP groups (n=10 each group).After modeling for 18 days, mice in normal control group and model control group were administered intragastrically with 0. 9% sodium chloride solution. Mice in the high-, middle-and low-dose HSP groups were daily treated with HSP at 3.00, 1.50 and 0.75 g??kg-1 ,respectively, by intragastric administration.Mice in Guilong kechuanning Capsule group were administered with Guilong kechuanning Capsule (600 mg??kg-1), once a day, for 15 days.The tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF-α) & interleukin-8 ( IL-8) contents in lung tissues of each group were determined. Results By hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, it was found that HSP alleviated the damage of CB in mice.The frequency of cough in 2 min in the normal control group, the high-, middle- and low-dose HSP groups were (17.50±5.38), (11.90±4.46), (12.60±3.47), (9.50±3.24), respectively, and the ecretion of phenol red were (0.52±0.11), (0.65±0.15), (0.64±0.14), (0.67±0.19) μg??mL-1, respectively.The content of TNF-α in lung tissues of the normal control group, model control group,the high dose HSP group was (25.8±6.9), (66.3±11.7), (43.5±7.7) ng??mg-1, respectively.The content of IL-8 in lung tissues of the normal control group, model control group, the high-dose HSP group were (27.1±9.1), (48.2±11.4) and (36.5±8.2) ng??mg-1, respectively.The contents of TNF-α and IL-8 in lung tissues of the model control group were significantly higher than those in normal control group (both P<0.01).Compared with the model control group, high-dose HSP could obviously decrease the contents of TNF-α and IL-8 in lung tissues (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Conclusion HSP can obviously alleviate the pathomorphological changes in mice with CB and has antitussive and expectorant effecs.The therapeutic mechanism of HSP for CB may be related to decreasing the contents of TNF-αand IL-8 in lung tissue.

Objective To observe the effect of the reinforcing kidney,nourishing and activating blood on promoting ovulation and improving the endometrium thickness and pregnancy rate in the process of in vitro fertilization-embryo transplantation(IVF-ET).Methods The 63 cases receiving IVF-ET were randomly divided into two groups: the treatment group(n=31) treated with GnRHa/r-FSH/HMG/HCG combined with the herbs of kidney-reinforcing,blood-nourishing and blood-activating in different periods of IVF-ET,and the control group(n=32) with GnRHa/ r-FSH/HMG/HCG alone.The dose of gonadotropin(Gn),endometrium thickness,follicular oocyte number,high-quality oocyte rate,fertilization rate,high-quality embryo rate and pregnancy rate of both groups were observed.Results In the treatment group,Gn dose was significantly lower(P

Objective To develop and verify a multiplex fluorescence quantitative PCR(Taqman probe) method for the detection of telomerase activity.Methods Specific reverse transcription primers,two pairs of quantitative primers and probes were designed for the CDS sequence of telomerase catalytic subunit telomerase reverse transcriptase(TERT).After optimization of the reverse transcription primers(specific reverse transcription primers and random primers) and quantitative primers(two pairs of quantitative primer probes used alone or in combination) in the reaction system,with the primer probe of internal reference gene GAPDH,multiplex fluorescence quantitative PCR was performed in a single tube.In addition,telomerase positive standard and negative standard were prepared with 293T and MRC-5 cells respectively,and the stability and precision of the method were verified.The telomerase activity in 19 normal mesenchymal cell samples and 32 breast cancer cell samples were detected by the developed method.Results The optimum reaction system was as follows:using cDNA synthesized with specific reverse transcription primers as the template,2 pairs of quantitative primer probes of TERT gene were mixed with internal reference gene GAPDH primer probes for multiplex fluorescence quantitative PCR reaction in a single tube.After optimization,the sensitivity and TERT fluorescence signal quantity of the system were greatly improved,and the ΔRn was enhanced by 3 times.The amplification curve of positive standard TERT gene was normal,and the ΔCt between TERT gene and GAPDH gene remained stable.The amplification curve of GAPDH gene in negative standard was normal,while there was no amplification curve of TERT gene.There was a little difference in ΔCt between TERT and GAPDH genes in the positive standard frozen and thawed for 3 and 5 times repeatedly and the positive standard without freezing and thawing,and the CVs of precision in intra-and inter-groups were all less than 1%.Telomerase activity was negative in 19 normal mesenchymal cell samples and positive in 32 breast cancer cell samples,and significant difference in Ct value of TERT gene between them was observed(t=4.236,P <0.001).Conclusion The developed multiplex fluorescence quantitative PCR(Taqman probe) method for the detection of telomerase activity has good stability and precision,which is expected to be used in early diagnosis and gene therapy of tumors.

Objective To explore the clavicular hook plate in the treatment of distal clavicle fracture dislocation acromioclavicular joint clinical effects.Methods Twenty-three cases of Neer Ⅱ type distal clavicle fracture and 28 cases of Allman Ⅲ acromioclavicular joint dislocation line with open reduction and clavicular hook plate fixation.Results Fifty-one patients in this group have received 6-24 months of follow-up,an average of 18 months.2-3 weeks after the activities returned to normal off the shoulder,clavicle fractures were 3-12 months after bone healing and no-dislocation of acromioclavicular joint occur.According to Karlsson evaluation criteria:excellent in 40 cases,good in 9 cases and poor in 2 cases,excellent rate of 96.1％.Conclusion The clavicular hook plate fixation strength in the design and in line with the anatomical acromioclavicular joint physiological characteristics,surgical trauma,and has a fixed precise,allows early functional exercise.It is the ideal way to lock joint dislocation.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of hospitalized hypertension patients with different metabolic abnormalities associated with cardiovascular disease.Methods 1 843 patients with diagnosis of hypertension were selected,including 327 patients with metabolic syndrome as the research object.Metabolic syndrome of different age,gender,abnormal components epidemic status were analyzed.Results Positive rates of overweight,dyslipidemia,hyperglycemia,cardiovascular disease in 327 patients were 42.20％,37.92％,35.17％,71.25％,the highest positive rate for cardiovascular disease was significantly higher than the other three indexs(x2 =56.22,73.28,85.51,all P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant differences in the rates of overweight between men and women (x2 =0.42,P ＞ 0.05).Dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia incidence of women were significantly more than those of men,there was statistically significant difference (x2 =5.73,6.47,all P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of cardiovascular disease in males was high than that in females (x2 =24.66,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Preventive different metabolic abnormalities need to take different measures according to age and gender.Weight control,blood lipids and blood sugar are the key to the prevention of cardiovascular disease.

Objective: Using system dynamics to provide prospective and simulation of double exponential smoothing on Basic Medical Insurance Fund and related indexes from 2013-2022 in Liaoning. Methods: Using the post testing to select the best value of αand projecting the whole procedure of forecast into the software of system dynamics to get the prospective result. Results: In ending of simulation, the increase of fund and other objects will reach about 2 times as much as those in 2013 , and out-of-pocket in total expenditure on health will be declined greatly. Conclusion: The economy of province is developing fast while Basic Medical Insurance is in relatively lower level.

Objective To detect the genetic diversity and prevalent strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Tibetan patients in Tibet and to analyze factors associated with prevalent strains.Methods A total of 577 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were genotyped by spacen oligonucleotide typing (spoligotyping) and the results were analyzed with BioNumerics software (Version 5.0) and compared with the international spoligotype database of SITVIT2.Results Among the 577 cases of Tibet patients,329 were male and 248 were female.Based on spoligotyping,23 different spoligotypes were identified among 577 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates,with a genetic diversity of 3.99 ％.The majority (97.57％,563/577) of the isolates belonged to four known families,such as Beijing family,T family,CAS family and MANU2 family.The remaining 14 isolates had 11 novel spoligotypes.522 (90.47％)isolates belonging to Beijing family presented with 7 spoligotypes,resulting in the genetic diversity of Beijing family of 1.34％.With high similarity,Beijing family strains could be clustered into one genotype;among non-Beijing family strains,strains belonging to T family and MANU2 family were similar and could be clustered into one genotype.Changdu had the highest prevalence (97.83％) of Beijng family strains.In this study,the occurrence of Beijing family strains was not associated with age,sex,bacillus CalmetteGuerin vaccination or treatment history (P=1.00,0.36,0.83 and 1.00,respectively).Conclusions In this study,the genetic diversity of Tibetan Mycobacterium tuberculosis is low and Beijing family strains are highly prevent in Tibet,by classical spoligotyping.

Objective To report a case of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B (MEN 2B) combined with analogous Marfan's syndrome with the related literature review,in order to improve the knowledge of this disease.Methods A case of MEN 2B combined with analogous Marfan's syndrome was admitted in Peking Union Medical College Hospital in Nov 2011.The patient was a 21-year-old male with the chief complaint of tongue thick for 13 years,found a tumor in right adrenal gland for 3 months.The patient underwent radical thyroidectomy and lymph node dissection in April 2011 because of thyroid tumor,and postoperative pathology confirmed the diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma(T2N1bM0).The patient had normal blood pressure without fluctuation.Physical examination indicated that the patient had thin limbs,long fingers and long toes.Carpal syndrome and finger syndrome were positive.There were multiple tumor like nodules in the tip of the tongue,lips,inner canthus of eyelids,and laryngoscopy showed multiple nodulars in bilateral vocal cord and bilateral tip splitting.Enhanced CT showed a tumor of 2.9 cm×3.4 cm×3.8 cm in the right adrenal gland.Endocrine examination revealed high catecholamines:norepinephrine 159.3 nmol,epinephrine 13.3 nmol,and DA 918.2 nmol.131I-MIBG was positive for pheochromocytoma.The clinical manifestation was in stationary state.Preoperative diagnosis was MEN 2B,right adrenal pheochromocytoma,medullary thyroid carcinoma (T2N1bM0)after operation,multilple mucosa neurofibroma and analogous Marfan's syndrome.Results The pheochromocytoma in right adrenal gland was removed by laparoscopy under general anesthesia successfully on Dec 12,2011.The postoperative pathology confirmed the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma.And gene mutation was found in exon 16 of RET gene.MEN 2B with analogous Marfan's syndrome was diagnosed.During the follow-up period for 28 months,the patient had normal blood pressure and heart rate without tumor recurrence or metastasis.Conclusions MEN 2B combined with analogous Marfan's syndrome is extremely rare.For patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma,pheochromocytoma should be considered before operation.For patients with analogous Marfan's appearance,Marfan's syndrome should be differentially diagnosed.