Activation of gonadotrophic hormone neuronstion and downstream reproductive hormones (luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone) secretion is the key event representing the onset of puberty.Hypothalamic pituitary gonad axis varies among gender,season and the stage of development.A number of hormones are involved in the control of hypothalamic pituitary gonad axis.Kisspeptins are potent secretagogues for gonadotrophic hormone,and the KISS1 gene is a target for regulation by gonadal steroids,metabolic factors,photoperiod,and season.This review focuses on Kisspeptin in the regulation of sexual development.

Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates exert antitumor activity through induction of apoptosis or inhibition of proliferation, invasion and migration in tumor cells, inhibition of angiogenesis and promotion of immune surveillance. Animal models show that bisphosphonates delay visceral metastasis progression. Both ABCSG-12 and ZOFAST trial have demonstrated that Zoledronate reduced breast cancer recurrence risks. Bisphosphonates are synergistic with a variety of chemotherapeutics, and sequential dosing is more effective, which may be attributable to increased uptake of bisphosphonates by tumor cells after pretreatment with chemotherapeutics. Metronomic administration of bisphophonates after chemotherapy provides bisphosphonates the promising antineoplatic potential.

The aim of this review is to evaluate the recent advances in chemotherapy for upper gastrointestinal tumors (esophagus,stomach,pancreas,liver).The role of both the neoadjuvant,adjuvant and palliative chemotherapy regimens, efficacy and side effects will be discussed,as well as its future development.

Objective To investigate the effect of pidotimod combined with antiviral drugs on immunologic function and myocardial enzyme spectrum in children with infectious mononucleosis.Methods 94 cases of children with infectious mononucleosis selected in Wenzhou Children's hospital were randomly divided into control group and research group,47 cases in each group.The control group were given conventional antiviral treatment; On this basis,the research group were given pidotimod,2 weeks for one period of treatment.Before and after treatment,immune function,cell factors and myocardial enzyme spectrum were tested,the clinical symptoms,signs,the curative effect and complications were observed and compared.Results Compared with before treatment,after treatment,serum CD4+,CD4+/CD8+ IgA and IgG increased,CD8+ decreased,TNF alpha,IL-6,AST,LDH,CK,CK-MB decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,in the research group,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+,IgA and IgG content is higher,CD8+ content is lower,the TNF alpha,IL-6,AST,LDH,CK,CK-MB content is lower(P<0.05).The time of antipyretic,angina fade,narrow lymph nodes,liver and spleen shrinks and length of hospital stay in the research group were shorter than that in the control group(P<0.05).The effective rate was 74.47％in the control group,lower than 91.49％of research group(P<0.05).Conclusion The curative is exact that pidotimod combined with antiviral drugs on the treatment of infectious mononucleosis.It could improve immune function,reduce myocardial enzyme spectrum and inflammation.

Objective] To explore the concrete policies and approaches in Chinese-English translation for TCM classics. [Methods] Transformation from parataxis in Chinese to hypotaxis in English is expounded by converting thinking modes and grammatical structure, based on analyzing the characteristics of the two languages in semantic structure and grammar, including tenses, voices, etc. as wel as their relationship with thinking modes. Sentences in English version of Huangdi Neijing(The Inner Classic of Yel ow emperor) are taken as examples. [Results] The implicit logic in Chinese can be unfolded in an explicit fashion in English by restructuring sentences, adding subbjects and conjunctions. [Conclusions] The intrinsic and mutual relationship in or between sentences in source language should be identified before Chinese-English translation for TCM classics is done. Thereafter adjusting and reconstructing can be carried out according to the thinking modes and grammatical rules in target language, achieving semantic correspondence and faithfulness.

Objective:To measure the physiological response and subjective experience differences between feminine and masculine women inducing anger,exploring women's susceptibility to depression.Methods:Thirty feminine women and 26 masculine women were selected from 745 college women students who filled in the Chinese College Students'Sex Role Inventory-50 items (CSRI-50),according to median classification method.Physiological response,including heart rate,skin conduct,respiration rate were recorded using Biotrace software from 5-10 min before watching films to films end,state anger were measured before and after films by the State Anger Scale(SAS),one of the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-Ⅱ (STAXI-Ⅱ).Results:With inducing anger,the skin conducts were lower in feminine women than in masculine women[(6.1 ±4.6) μmho vs.(9.4 ±6.0)μmho,P ＜0.05],while the respiration rates were higher in feminine women than in masculine women[(19.4 ±2.8) bpm vs.(17.7 ± 3.3) bpm,P ＜ 0.05].The SAS sores were higher in feminine women than in masculine women[(31.6 ± 8.8) vs.(26.5 ± 9.2),P ＜ 0.05].Conclusion:It suggests that feminine women subjectively report more anger and physiological responses may be greater in watching anger inducing films,mainly in RSP rate,however masculine women's SC is higher,which indicates that future researches of anger and depression should consider sex role.

Objective To explore the changes of renal histology of neonatal rats with prolonged hyperoxic lung injury.Methods One-day-old rats were continuously exposed to oxygen ( 80％ ± 5％,n =60 ) or room air( 21％,n =60) after birth.HE stained renal samples were scored to evaluate the changes of histology on day 1,3,7,14,21 in the hyperoxia and control group.Results Compared with control group,hyperoxic group showed mild renal damage.Renal tubular hydropic degeneration,edema,dilation could be seen on day3,7.Renal tubular interstitial vessel dilation,congestion,and rare tubular hemorrhage,necrosis,regeneration could be seen on 14,21days.Fibrosis was not founded.There was no significant difference of histologic scores within 3 days (P ＞0.05 ),but after 7 days the difference of two groups were singnificant between the control and hyperoxia groups(P ＜0.05).Conclusions Hyperoxia exposure can lead to mild renal histology damage in neonatal rats with hyperoxic lung injury.

Objective To study changes in renal histology of neonatal rats with prolonged hyperoxic lung injury and monitored the expression of IFN-γ in kidney.Methods Full-time newborn rats were continuously exposed to oxygen(80％ ±5％ 02,n =100) or room air(21％ O2,n =100) after birth.Dynamic changes of renal histology and the expression of interferon (IFN)-γin kidney by immunohistochemical method were monitored on day 1,3,7,14,21 in the hyperoxia and control group.Results Normobaric hyperoxia indnced mild renal damage including renal tubular hydropic degeneration,edema,dilation,tubular interstitial vessel dilation,congestion,and rare tubular hemorrhage,necrosis,regeneration.Fibrosis were not seen.On day 3,7,14,the intensity of IFN-γexpression increased compared with the control group (P ＜ 0.05) and significantly increased on day 7 (P ＜ 0.01).IFN-γwere mainly expressed in tubular epithelia cells.On day 21,the intensity of IFN-γ expression decreased,and there was little difference compared with the control group.Condusions Renal damage can be induced by prolonged hyperoxia exposure.The intensity of IFN-γexpression increased in kidney,which contributed to the damage of kidney.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of serum ferritin (SF) in child with Still's disease (SD).Methods This study included 28 children with SD who were treated at the Pediatric Department in the First Hospital of China Medical University from 2001 to 2007.Their clinical features,biochemical parameters,and the results of serum ferritin were noted.Results In SD group,there were 28 cases with fever (100%),14 cases with rash (50%),18 cases with arthritis/arthralgia(64%),24 cases with leukocytosis (86%),27 cases with SF and ESR elevation (96%).The average SF in SD group [(8182±3156)μg/L] was significantly higher than that in the control group [(244±210)μg/L](P<0.01).Conclusion Fever,rash,arthritis/arthralgia,and leukocytosis are main clinical characteristics of child SD.Inereasing serum level of ferritin will probably indicate the activity period of SD.

(Ver)-induced human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells apoptosis.hours to induce RPE cells apoptosis.The expression of apoptotic effector gene caspase-3 was assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Single cell was measured using fluorescence indicator Fura-3/AM with MetaFluo4.5/coolsnapfx/IX70 intracellular Ca2+ fluorescence imaging system.RPE cells and it significantly increased after co-cultured with Ver.The fluorescence in resting RPE cells was strong and distributed throughout the cells.The nucleus appeared more fluorescent than the cytoplasm.Calcium fluorescence of RPE cells attenuated after co-cultured with Ver.[Ca2+]i homeostasis might play pivotal roles in Ver-induced RPE cells apoptosis.