Abstract: Objective　To investigate the treatment outcomes of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps and to explore the risk factors affecting these outcomes, so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in the corps region. Methods　TB patients registered in the Corps from 2016 to 2022 were selected, and the basic demographic and clinical data of the research objects were collected by retrospective method. Log-rank test was used for univariate analysis and the Cox multivariate regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of treatment outcomes of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Results　From 2016 to 2022, a total of 8 838 TB patients were registered in the TB Management Information System of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, of which 495 cases were untreated, 43 cases had changed diagnoses, 301 cases had no treatment outcomes, 6 cases were diagnosed as extrapulmonary tuberculosis, 11 cases were diagnosed as tracheobronchial tuberculosis, and finally 7 982 TB patients were included in the study. Of the 7 982 patients, 7 578 (94.94%) were treated successfully, while 404 (5.06%) had adverse outcomes (including 32 cases of failure, 13 cases of TB death, 173 cases of non-TB death, 12 cases lost to follow-up, 94 cases of adverse reactions, 10 cases transferred to multi-drug resistance treatment, and 70 other cases). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the >30 to 60-year-old and >60-year-old age groups (OR=1.565, P=0.009; OR=2.960, P<0.001), belonging to ethnic minorities (OR=1.526, P<0.001), being a patients with diabetes mellitus (OR=1.696, P=0.002), current address being in other areas of the province or patients from other provinces (OR=1.419, P=0.004; OR=1.624, P=0.001), receiving retreatment (OR=1.910, P<0.001), and absence of primary care management (OR=1.351, P=0.003) were the risk factors for unsuccessful treatment outcomes in the corps' pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Conclusions　The treatment success rate of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in the Corps region is relatively high, but there is still a need to strengthen the treatment and management of the elderly, ethnic minorities, diabetes patients, non-local floating population, retreatment patients and patients who did not receive primary management.