With continued ozone deletion and increased ultraviolet application,ultraviolet (UV) induced eye injury receives more attention,especially for astronauts,residents on high elevation plateaus and other people exposed to intense beams of UV.Continuous exposure to UV can lead to damage of conjunctiva,cornea,crystalline lens and retina,which are correlated with conjunctivitis,keratitis,ocular tumor,climatic droplet keratopathy,and pterygium.This paper focuses on the effect of UV on eyes,with a systematic elaboration of UV-induced eye injury.

Clinical records of a patient with olfactory neuroblastoma presented with hyponatremia as initial symptoms were analyzed and the literatures were reviewed. At initial onset, the patient presented with hyponatremia. After pathological examination, the diagnosis was olfactory neuroblastoma. The blood sodium has been normal after operation and radiotherapy. The incidence rate of olfactory neuroblastoma is low, and it is easily misdiagnosed. Its diagnosis relies on pathological examination. We should pay more attention to the unspecific symptoms of patients with hyponatremia, which can help to improve early diagnosis and the prognosis.
Esthesioneuroblastoma, Olfactory ; complications ; pathology ; Humans ; Hyponatremia ; etiology ; Nasal Cavity ; pathology ; Nose Neoplasms ; complications ; pathology ; Prognosis

Objective To evaluate the modification of C_(60) on the radiation effects of ~(60)Co-γ irradiation on zebrafish.Methods The adult and embryonic zebrafish were used as model organisms to examine the potential of C_(60) to elicit oxidative stress responses on the surviving rate,hatching rate and malformation occurrence,both upon exposure to light or in the dark.Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and DNA damage were examined as the possible underlying mechanism.Results 500 × 10~(-9) nano-C_(60) waterborne exposure could enhance the γ-irradiation effects by decreasing adult fish survival upon light exposure,which resulted in ROS and DNA damage increasing.The hatching rates were also inhibited with higher malformation,though dark exposure did not make any enhancement,except that the 5000× 10~(-9) C_(60) would inhibit larvae hatching and induced more malformation.Conclusions Waterborne nano-C_(60) exposure may enhance the radiation effects on zebrafish,ROS production and DNA damage increasing may be the underlying mechanism.

Objective To investigate the behavioral characteristics of circadian rhythm disturbance in 3xTg-AD mice.Methods The free-running period,average activity per hour,total amount of exercise and circadian amplitude were examined with voluntary wheel-running test in 3-to 9-month-old C57BL/6 and 3xTg-AD mice under 12 h light/12 h dark cycle and constant darkness environment.Results In constant darkness environment,the free-running period in 3-month-old 3xTg-AD mice was (23.2±0.4) h,and shorter than the period((23.5±0.2) h) in C57BL/6 mice.In 6-and 9-month-old 3xTg-AD mice,activity pattern was disorganized,without clear boundary between activity and rest phase.The free-running period was unavailable.The circadian amplitude and total exercise amount were(40.6± 11.5) counts/5 min and(2.6±0.1) × 104 counts/d,(37.0±20.8) counts/5 min and(2.3±0.4) × 104 counts/d,(29.3± 11.0) counts/5 min and(1.6± 0.9) × 104 counts/d in 3-,6-and 9-month-old 3xTg-AD mice,respectively,which was significantly lower than that in age-matched C57BL/6 mice.In 12 h light/12 h dark cycle,the circadian amplitude and total exercise amount of 3-,6-and 9-month-old 3xTg-AD mice were (87.0 ± 37.8) counts/5 min and (2.2 ± 0.8) × 104 counts/d,(25.9± 6.3) counts/5 min and (1.1 ± 0.2) × 104 counts/d,(14.3 ± 5.7) counts/5 min and (0.6 ± 0.3)× 104 counts/d respectively,and with a significant decrease from the age of 6 months.Meanwhile,the locomotor activity decreased at night and increased during the day.Conclusion The endogenous circadian rhythm disturbance emerges in 3xTg-AD mice at 3-month-old,while the exogenous circadian rhythm disorder appears at 6-month-old;the degree of disorder in circadian rhythm is gradually aggravated with the increase of age in of the AD mice.

Objective To evaluate surgical complications and outcomes based on prostate size in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) treated with plasmakinetic enucleation of prostate (PKEP).Methods A retrospective review was conducted of PKEP performed in 326 patients with BPH.According to the prostate size on preoperative transrectal ultrasonography measurement,patients were divided into three groups:groupl:＜40ml (n =92),group2:40～80ml (n =155),and group3:＞80ml (n =79).Intraoperative and perioperative parameters were evaluated.Patient perioperative data and postoperative outcomes were compared.Patients were followed up at 1,3,6 and 12 months after surgery.Early and late complications were recorded.Results There were significant differences among three groups regarding the mean operative time (P ＜ 0.01) and the mean resected tissue weight (P ＜ 0.01).However,enucleation efficiency (P ＜ 0.01) in gm tissue per minute increased significantly as prostate size increased.Mean hemoglobin decrease (P ＞0.05),mean serum sodium decrease (P ＞0.05),mean postoperative irrigation time (P ＞ 0.05),mean catheter time (P ＞ 0.05) and mean hospital stay (P ＞0.05) did not differ significantly among three groups.Three groups had a similar and significant postoperative improvement in international prostate symptom score (IPSS),quality of life (QOL),maximum urine rate (Qmax),and post-void residual urine volume(PVR) independent of prostate size (P ＜ 0.01),but no significant difference was found among three groups during 1,3,6 and 12-month follow-up (P ＞ 0.05).Perioperative and postoperative complications did not depend on prostate size (P ＞ 0.05).Conchsions Although patients with a larger BPH required significantly longer operation time in PKEP,prostate size did not affect perioperative and postoperative complications or micturition improvement.

PRL-3 is a key gene related to metastasis of colorectal carcinoma. However, it is known little about the possible regulatory mechanisms of PRL-3 gene expression. There were three possible promoter regions predicted by TRED, a promoter prediction software,which were all located in the upstream regions of PRL-3 gene. One of PRL-3 gene candidate promoters was located in the region of about -1kb upstream proximal to 5′ UTR of PRL-3 gene. Many possible transcription factor binding sites such as Snail, n-MYC, ARNT, E74A, NF-kappaB, NRF-2 and AML-1 were predicted in the region by Consite, a promoter analysis web system. Interestingly, a 5′ CACCTG 3′ core sequence and other related sequences of snail binding sites were found in promoter region of PRL-3 genes. Two PRL-3 gene promoters between -699 to 299 nt and between -642 to -383 nt were cloned into pGL3 vector with luciferase report gene. Both of them had promoter activities in four different cell lines including colorectal carcinoma cell lines SW480 and SW620, nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE2 and human embryo kidney cell line 293A. Interestingly, the luciferase activities of the short DNA fragmentations with Snail binding site′s core sequence 5′ CACCTG 3′ were higher than that of the longer one. PRL-3 promoter obtaining the 5′ CACCTG 3′ core sequence of Snail binding sites, was validated to bind to snail by chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP) analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) in SW480 cells. The data suggested that Snail was involved in regulation of PRL-3.

Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of ropivacaine and bupivacaine in combined spinal epidural anesthesia in abdominal operation. Methods:Totally 86 abdominal operation patients with combined spinal epidural anesthesia were randomly divid-ed into group A and group B with 43 ones in each. Group A was with ropivacaine anesthesia, while group B was with levobupivacaine anesthesia. The anesthesia effect, hemodynamic changes at different time points and adverse drug reactions were compared between the two groups. Results:The duration of sensory block in the two groups was not statistically different (P>0. 05), while the patients in group A had shorter motor nerve recovery time than those in group B (P<0. 05), and Bromege score of group A was significantly lower than that of group B (P<0. 05). After the onset of anesthesia block, all hemodynamic parameters (SBP, DBP and HR) in the two groups were lower than those before the anesthesia (P<0. 05), while at the end of anesthesia, the parameters showed no statistically significant difference from those before the anesthesia (P>0. 05). During the operation, the parameters at different time points in group A had no significant difference from those in group B (P>0. 05). The incidence of adverse drug reaction was not statistically significant between the two groups as well (P>0. 05). Conclusion:Ropivacaine and levobupivacaine show similar blocking effect on the sensory nerve with the same effects on hemodynamics and adverse reactions, however, the blocking effect of ropivacaine on motor nerve is weaker, which is more beneficial to the early exercise of the patients after operation.

Aim To investigate whether Hcy influenced the intestinal mucosal permeability by regulating MEK-ERK-MLCK pathway. Methods SD rats were divided into 4 groups:normal group, normal+Hcy group, TN-BS/ethanol group, TNBS/ethanol+Hcy group. Experi-mental colitis model with hyperhomocystinemia was es-tablished in rats with intracolonic administration of TN-BS and subcutaneous injection of Hcy. The colonic mucosal tissue was collected for histopathological exam-ination and activity of myeloperoxidase ( MPO ) . The protein expression of MLCK, p-MLCK, MEK, ERK and p-ERK in intestinal mucosal tissues was examined by Western blot method. The mRNA expression of ML-CK was examined by RT-qPCR method. Result Com-pared with the normal group and TNBS group, the DAI and HI scores and the MPO activity were increased in TNBS/ethanol+Hcy group ( P <0. 01 ) . Western blot and RT-qPCR showed that expression of MLCK, p-ML-CK, MEK, ERK and p-ERK increased in small intes-tine in TNBS/ethanol+Hcy group. Conclusion Hcy can increase intestinal permeability in TNBS-induced colitis rats by regulating the expression of MEK-ERK-MLCK signal pathway.

ObjectiveTo study the inhibiting effects on the invasion and metastasis of melanoma by CXCR4 gene silence in nude mice.MethodsThe CXCR4 specific recombinant plasmid vector was constructed and transfected into the cultured MV3 cell line with lipofectamine.The models of subcutaneous melanoma in nude mice were established with MV3 cells.The nude mouse model of lung metastasis was established by injection of MV3 cells into the tail vein.The animals were sacrificed at 8weeks after the melanoma cells injection.CXCR4-shRNA plasmid vectors were discontinuously injected directly into the established tumor and vein.The changes of weight and size of the tumors and the mice body weight during the therapy were calculated respectively.Histological observation was performed to evaluate the presence and number of metastatic tumors.ResultsThe subcutaneous melanoma tumors in nude mice were established successfully.The growth of tumors in the CXCR4-shRNA injected nude mice was inhibitted obviously through tumor growth curve. There were significant differences between negative shRNA control nude mice and blank control nude mice (P＜0.01).Melanoma cells with CXCR4 shRNA permanent transfection had a much lower lung and brain and liver metastatic potential in nude mice than control cells and mock control cells in vivo.ConclusionsCXCR4 gene silencing mediated by shRNA significantly suppresses the growth of MV3 cell in vitro.Silencing of CXCR4 mediated by shRNA can also effectively decrease the metastatic potential of lung and liver and brain.

Objective To investigate acute CT radiation injury on rabbit liver after the whole body CT scans with high-dose abdominal CT scan model.Methods The forty-six New Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned into 3 groups.High-dose CT scanning groups included one-off CT scanning group(group 1)and repeated CT scanning group (group 2)with high-dose abdominal CT scan modes,and 18 rabbits in each group.The other two groups were routine-dose CT scanning group(n=5)and control group(n=5).Rats in both group 1 and 2 were divided into 6 subgroups(n= 3).Four to twenty-four times of continuous or discontinuous CT scans with 240 mAs and 140 Kv were performed on every rabbit.The liver samples of every animal were eoUected at 48 h or 24 h after CT scans and pathological examination and immunohistochemistry assay of Cpp32 and Bax expression were performed.Results(1)Light microscope showed①in group 1,slight hepatic injury occurred at 6 times of continuous CT scanning;after 6～18 times of continuous CT scanning,hepatocytes were slight swelling at first,followed by hydropic or fatty degeneration,constriction or emphraxis of hepatic sinuses,puncture necrosis of hepatocytes,and local hepatic hemorrhage;②in group 2:slight hepatic injury occurred at 8 times of CT scanning,and after 8～24 times of CT scanning,hepatocytes were slight or mild swelling at first,followed by moderate or diffuse swelling,hydropic degeneration,and dispersed karyopyknosis of hepatocytes near central vein.(2)Immunohistochemistry assay showed:①in group 1,positive expressions of the apoptosis-inducing protein Bax and Cpp32 were observed in part of liver samples,the expressions of Bax and Cpp32 were correlated with CT radiation dose;②in group 2,positive expressions of the apoptosis-inducing protein Bax and Cpp32 were found in every subgroup,but the expression was not correlated with CT scan times.(3)The hepatic tissues of routine-dose CT scanning group were normal under the light microscope and immunohistochemistry assay.Conclusion Routine-dose CT scanning on liver is very safe,but high-dose CT scanning with non-routine scan times may cause acute pathological hepatic injury and hepatocyte apoptosis.