Urodynamic investigation in conscious rats is widely employed to explore functional bladder disorders of various etiologies and pathogeneses. Rats can be placed in restraining cages or wide cabinets where they are allowed to move freely during cystometry. However, the requirements of special devices hampered the application of urodynamic test in freely moving rats, and whether the restraint has any effects on urodynamic parameters in conscious rats remains obscure. In the present study, we described a novel approach for urodynamic investigation in both restrained and freely moving conscious rats. In addition, we for the first time systematically compared the urodynamic parameters of rats in the two conditions. With the current method, we successfully recorded stable and repeatable intravesical pressure traces and collected expected reliable data, which supported the idea that the restraint does not affect the activity of the micturition reflex in rats, provided sufficient and appropriate measures could be applied during cystometry. Fewer technique problems were encountered during urodynamic examination in restrained rats than in freely moving ones. Taken together, conscious cystometry in rats placed in restraining cages with proper managements is a reliable and practical approach for evaluating the detrusor activity and bladder function.
Animals ; Diagnostic Techniques, Urological ; instrumentation ; Female ; Movement ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reflex ; Restraint, Physical ; Urinary Bladder ; physiology ; Urodynamics ; Wakefulness

Nuclear medicine departments use the camera-based method for determining glomerular filtration rate (GFR) with 99mTc-DPTA. Camera based techniques provide a fast and convenient way of determining GFR with excellent reproducubility however its accuracy remains in question. The accuracy of camera-based renal scintigraphy depends on an attenuation correlation from estimating for renal depth and an attenuation correction from estimating for renal depth and an attenuation coefficient. Algorithms were formulated by Tonnesen, Taylor, and Inoue to calculate the estimated renal depth through multiple stepwise linear regression analysis. The goal of this study was to analyze the accuracy of these algorithms in Filipino patients. Renal depth was determined from CT scans of 41 consecutive patients. We calculated the mean absolute error of the estimated kidney depths and compared them with each other to determine the accuracy of each algorithm. The Tonnesen algorithm had the highest mean absolute error of 1.25 cm plus minus 0.88 cm in the left kidney estimates while the Taylor algorithm had the lowest mean absolute error of 0.81 cm plus minus 0.58 cm in the left kidney estimate and 1.04 cm plus minus 0.82 cm in the right kidney estimate (p-value = 0.01 left kidney estimates and p-value = 0.02 right kidney estimates). The Tonnesen algorithm was the least accurate in predicting kidney depth. There was no significant difference between the Taylor and Inoue algorithms, which were more accurate in predicting kidney depth
Human ; Male ; Female ; KIDNEY ; UROGENITAL SYSTEM ; URINARY TRACT ; GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE ; DIAGNOSIS ; DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES AND PROCEDURES ; DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES, UROLOGICAL ; KIDNEY FUNCTION TESTS ; RENAL SCINTIGRAPHY

OBJECTIVETo explore the procedures of dynamic infusion cavernosometry and cavernosography (DICC) and their application in the diagnosis and classification of venous erectile dysfunction (VED).

METHODSThis study included 103 ED patients, aged 20 to 43 years, highly suspected of VED, with disease courses of 4 months to 6 years. DICC was performed and analyses were made on the results, especially the parameters of flow-to-maintain (FTM) and pressure decay (PD) in the corpus cavernosum.

RESULTSBased on the parameters of FTM and PD, 21 of the patients were normal, 5 were suspected of VED, 39 had mild VED, 25 had moderate VED, and 13 had severe VED. Penile subcutaneous hematoma was found in 4 of the patients, all recovered after 3 to 5 days, with no other complications.

CONCLUSIONDICC is a reliable, safe and minimally invasive method for the diagnosis and classification of VED.

Diagnostic Techniques, Urological ; adverse effects ; Hematoma ; etiology ; Humans ; Impotence, Vasculogenic ; classification ; diagnosis ; Male ; Penile Diseases ; etiology ; Penis ; blood supply ; diagnostic imaging ; Radiography ; Veins

Multiple measurements of nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity (NPTR) are widely accepted as a method to differentiate psychogenic erectile dysfunction (ED) from organic ED. However, direct evidence remains limited regarding the first-night effect on NPTR measurement using the RigiScan. Here, we evaluated the first-night effect on the results of NPTR measurement to validate the necessity of NPTR measurement for two consecutive nights, particularly when abnormal first-night measurements are recorded in a laboratory setting. We retrospectively reviewed 105 patients with a complaint of ED, who underwent NPTR measurement using the RigiScan in the Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (Guangzhou, China), for two consecutive nights, during the period from November 2015 to May 2016. NPTR parameters were collected and analyzed. We found that more effective nocturnal erections were detected during the second night than during the first night (P <0.001). Twenty percent of all patients had no effective erection during the first night, but exhibited at least one effective erection during the second night. The negative predictive value of NPTR measurement during the first night was 43.2%; this was significantly lower than that on the second night (84.2%; P = 0.003). Most NPTR parameters were better on the second night than on the first night. The first-night effect might be greater among patients younger than 40 years of age. In conclusion, two consecutive nightly measurements of NPTR can avoid a false-abnormal result caused by the first-night effect; moreover, these measurements more accurately reflect erectile capacity, especially when the first-night record is abnormal in a laboratory setting.
Adult ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diagnostic Techniques, Urological ; Erectile Dysfunction/etiology* ; Humans ; Male ; Penile Erection ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Reproducibility of Results ; Retrospective Studies ; Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological/diagnosis* ; Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological/diagnosis* ; Sleep ; Young Adult