Much attention has been paid to photocatalytic oxidation in the field of air and water purification. Photocatalytic oxidation employs semiconductors such as TiO2, ZnO as a photocatalyst in ultraviolet radiation. Several factors which affect photocatalytic decomposition were discussed in the present paper. Photocatalytic oxidation technique is applicable for the elimination of gas-phase contamination in air.

To investigate the effects of Sangen Decoction, a compound Chinese herbal medicine, on osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption function of osteoclasts induced by polymethylmethacrylate particles in vitro.

Objective To investigate the prognostic related factors in patients with renal cell carcinoma(RCC) and bone metastases,treated by targeted therapy.Methods Forty-five patients with RCC and osseous metastases were treated by targeted therapy between June 2006 and April 2013.The mean age was 59 years (range 32-81 years) with 33 male cases and 12 female cases.Twenty-seven cases were diagnosed as RCC accompanied with bone metastases initially,and the median time between the diagnosis of RCC and that of osseous metastasis for the other 18 cases was 12.5 months.All the cases underwent target therapy with sorafenib in 38 cases and sunitinib in 7 cases.Data was retrospectively analyzed and the relationship between several clinical features and overall survival (OS) was examined univariately.The Cox proportional hazards model was then performed multivariately to identify the independent risk factors.According to the independent risk factors,RCC patients with osseous metastases were categorized into high risk group (≤ 1 favorable factors) and low risk group (＞ 1 favorable factors).The median OS in those groups was compared.Results The median OS from the diagnosis of bone metastasis was 19 months,and overall survival was 74.7％ at 1 year,and 32.7％ at 2 year.Clinical features correlated with longer survival in the multivariate analysis were the absence of osseous metastases when initially diagnosed as RCC (HR:2.401,95％CI:1.210-5.699),the resection of primary renal tumor (HR:2.635,95％CI:1.021-6.307) and the absence of extraosseous metastases (HR:2.323,95％CI:1.003-6.221).The median OS of high risk group in 23 patients was 16months.On the other hand,22 patients in the low risk group had a longer median OS with 22 months.There was a significant difference in median OS between the two groups (P＜0.05).Conclusions The three prognostic factors including the absence of osseous metastases when initially diagnosed as RCC,the resection of primary renal tumor and the absence of extraosseous metastases could be favorable factors for RCC patients with bone metastasis treated with target therapy.

Objective To discuss and evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of sunitinib for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma and further to analyze the associated prognostic factors.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed in 78 cases with advanced renal cell carcinoma, receiving sunitinib therapy from April 2009 to December 2014.Patients consisted of 53 males and 25 females, with median age of 54 years old, ranged from 25-85 years old.Therapeutic regimen was described as following: 52 cases receiving sunitinib 50.0 mg/d 4 weeks on and 2 weeks off (4/2 regimen), 26 cases receiving 50.0 mg/d 2 weeks on and 1 weeks off (2/1 regimen).The dosage and regimen were adjusted according to the severity of side effects.Efficacy evaluation and drug-related toxicity were based on RECIST version 1.1 and CTCAE version 3.0.Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated using the KaplanMeier method.Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model were used to assess the risk factors of PFS and OS.Results Nineteen cases switched from 4/2 to 2/1 regimen.Attenuated dosage was allowed in 49 cases to ameliorate drug-related toxicities.The most common drug-related toxicities were handfoot syndrome (HFS) in 63 cases (80.8％), diarrhea in 59 cases (75.6％), fatigue in 59 cases (75.6％) and thrombocytopenia in 6 cases (71.8％).The most common grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ toxicities were HFS in 9 cases (11.5％), thrombocytopenia in 6 cases (7.7％) and hypertension in 5 cases (6.4％).In RECIST evaluation, complete response (CR) was not recorded.8 cases (10.3％) achieved partial response (PR) , 59 cases (75.6％) kept stable disease (SD) and 11 cases (14.1％) suffered progressive disease (PD).The objective response rate (ORR) was 10.3％ and the disease control rate (DCR) was 85.9％.The median PFS was 11.0 months and median OS was 21.8 months.Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model showed two independent risk factors for PFS, including number of metastasis organs ≥ 2 and a high ECOG score.One independent risk factor for OS was number of metastasis organs ≥ 2.Conclusions Sunitinib shows encouraging efficacy and safety for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma.Patients with multiple metastatic organs and poor performance status seems to be high risky of poor prognosis.

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the primary causative agents of hand, foot and mouth disease in children and closely associated with severe neurological complications and even deaths.EV71 outbreaks have occurred throughout the Asia-Pacific region since 1990s, posing global public health threat;however, no specific therapeutic strategy exists for severe EV71 infection.Several inactivated vaccine products have entered or finished the clinical trial stage, and some novel vaccine candidates, including live attenuated, subunit, and virus-like particle, show great potential for further develop-ment.This review summarizes the present situation and progress in the development of EV71 vaccines.

Abstract: Objective To analyze and compare the differences in serum lipid metabolomics between patients with moderate to severe acne and healthy controls to understand the characteristics of serum lipid metabolism in acne patients. Methods Serum samples were collected from 30 patients with moderate to severe acne and 30 healthy controls matched for age, gender and body mass index in the Department of Dermatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from May 2019 to Apr. 2020. Serum lipid metabolomics was analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used for multivariate statistical analysis of differentially expressed lipid metabolites. The metabolic pathways with significant differences between the two groups were screened by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. Using Mann-Whitney U test to calculate differential metabolites. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between serum PC (18: 2e/20: 2) concentration and acne severity. Results The PLS-DA results showed that the composition of serum lipid metabolites in acne patients was significantly separated from that in healthy controls. Of the top 30 lipid metabolites with the most significant differences, four kinds of triglycerides (TG), two kinds of diglycerides (DG), six kinds of phosphatidylcholine (PC), one kind of MePC, two kinds of sphingomyelin (SM), two kinds of phosphatidylinositol (PI), two kinds of ceramide (monohexosyl ceramide, Hex1Cer;dihexosyl ceramide, Hex2Cer), two cardiolipin (CL) were found to be increased in the acne group (P<0.05). The levels of one kind of DG, two kinds of lysophosphatidyl ethanolamines (LPE), one kind of dimethylphosphatidyl ethanolamine (dMePE), one kind of bismethyl phosphatidic acid (BisMePA), three kinds of phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) and one kind of ceramide were found to be decreased in the acne group (P<0.05), and most of them belonged to phospholipid metabolites. Spearman correlation analysis showed that serum PC (18:2e/20:2) concentration was positively correlated with acne severity (r=0.456, P=0.004). KEGG enrichment function analysis revealed that the differential lipid metabolites were primarily enriched in metabolic pathways such as sphingolipid signaling pathway, cholesterol metabolism, insulin resistance, glycerophospholipid metabolism, among which the sphingolipid signaling pathway may play an important role. Conclusion There are significant differences in serum lipid metabolism between acne patients and healthy controls. Lipid metabolism disorders may be related to the pathogenesis of acne, but it’s molecular mechanism still needs further experimental exploration.

Objective To study the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs),and to explore any effect of EA in neurological rehabilitation and its mechanism.Methods Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was used to establish a model of cerebral infarction in 120 Wistar rats.They were then randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group,both of which were further subdivided into 1,3,7,14,21 and 28 day sub-groups with 10 in each sub-group.Bromodeoxyuridine (Brdu) was given at the 1st,2nd,6th,13th,20th and 27th day to detect any proliferation and differentiation of NSCs.After 7 days the motor function of the two groups was evaluated using a beam walking test.Rats were sacrificed at the different time points and Brdu labeled cells and nestin-positive cells were determined by immunohistochemistry.The level of basic fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) mRNA was determined by in-situ hybridization.The results were analyzed using a micro-image analysis system.Results The Brdu-labeled cell counts and nestin-positive cells were significantly different between the treatment and control groups at each time point.Motor function improved significantly in the treatment group with EA stimulation compared with the control group,but there was no significant difference between the 21 day and 28 day sub-groups in the treatment group.The expression levels of bFGF-2 mRNA were significantly different between the treatment and control groups at the early time points (up to the 14th day).Conclusions EA can promote proliferation of NSCs and increase the expression of FGF-2 mRNA,particularly early after cerebral infarction.It may be one of mechanisms of EA's effectiveness in treating ischemic stroke.

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that bisphosphonates inhibit osteoclast resorption, but whether cathepsin K, a key cytokine of bone resorption, plays an effect has rarely been reported.
OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of bisphosphonate on capthesin K and bone resorption function during osteoclast differentiation.
METHODS:Osteoclasts were cultured by mouse monocyte-macrophage cellline-RAW264.7. The cells were divided into two groups:control group, treated with 100μg/L receptor activator of nuclear factorκB ligand factor;alendronate group, treated with 100μg/L receptor activator of nuclear factorκB ligand factor+10-7 mol/L alendronate. Osteoclastogenesis and resorption function of osteoclasts were examined at 7 days of culture and gene expression of capthesin K was detected by immunofluorescence method at 72 hours of culture. Western blot assay was used to detect capthesin K protein expression at 72 hours of culture.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase positive multinuclear cells were observed and resorption lacunae formed in two groups. Control group showed the higher number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase positive multinuclear cells and larger size of resorption lacunae than the alendronate group (P<0.01). Immunofluorescence showed expression of capthesin K was higher in the control group than the alendronate group (P<0.01);furthermore, the protein expression of capthesin K was also lower in the alendronate group than the control group (P<0.01). These findings indicate that bisphosphonates could strongly inhibit osteoclastogenesis and its resorption function by inhibiting gene expression of capthesin K.

BACKGROUND:Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase is a specific marker for osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption, which is a sign of osteoclast maturity.
OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of alendronate on tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase related to osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption.
METHODOsteoclasts were cultured by mouse monocyte-macrophage cellline-RAW264.7. The cells were divided into two groupcontrol group, treated with 100μg/L receptor activator of nuclear factorκB ligand factor;alendronate group, treated with 100μg/L receptor activator of nuclear factorκB ligand factor+10-7 mol/L alendronate. Osteoclastogenesis and resorption function of osteoclasts were examined at 7 days of culture. Gene expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase was detected by immunofluorescence method. Western blot assay was used to detect protein expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase positive multinuclear cells were observed and resorption lacunae formed in two groups. Control group showed the higher number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase positive multinuclear cells and larger size of resorption lacunae than the alendronate group (P<0.01). Immunofluorescence showed expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase was higher in the control group than the alendronate group (P<0.01);furthermore, the protein expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase was also lower in the alendronate group than the control group (P<0.01). These findings indicate that bisphosphonates could strongly inhibit osteoclastogenesis and its resorption function by inhibiting protein expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase.

Objective To perform the amplification ,sequencing and prokaryotic expression of APH (3′′)‐Ⅰ and AAC (2′)‐Ⅰgenes from the clinically isolated gzch810 strain(SM gzch810)of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia to provide the basic materials for the next step functional test .Methods The SM gzch810 genome chromosome was extracted ,the APH (3′′)‐Ⅰ ,AAC (2′)‐Ⅰ whole genes were amplified by PCR and sequenced after being cloned into pMD18‐T vector .The recombination were subcloned into pGEX‐4T‐1 vector and the expression of the recombinant APH (3′′)‐Ⅰ and AAC (2′)‐Ⅰ were analyzed by SDS‐PAGE .Results The 800bp and 550bp DNA fragments of APH(3′′)‐Ⅰ ,AAC(2′)‐Ⅰ gene were amplified from SM gzch810 by PCR and sequenced ;the sequence comparison analysis showed that DNA and amino acid sequence identities of APH (3′′)‐Ⅰand AAC (2′)‐Ⅰ genes with other strains were 91% and 95% respectively .The sequence of APH (3′′)‐Ⅰand AAC(2′)‐Ⅰ of SM gzch810 were submitted to GenBank(accession number :HQ315852 and HQ315853);two major protein bands corresponding to the expected recombinant GST‐TP fusion proteins (56 × 103 and 46 × 103 respectively) were identified by SDS‐PAGE .Conclusion APH(3′′)‐Ⅰand AAC(2′)‐Ⅰgene of SM gzch810 are successfully cloned and expressed ,which lays a good foundation for further detecting corresponding antibi‐otic resistance and functional evaluation of above two kinds of recombinant E .coli .