Objective To explore the mechanism of diabetic hepatic fibrosis by observing effects of high glucose and insulin on expressions of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP-1) mRNAs of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) in rat.Methods Hepatic stellate cell lines in vitro were administrated by different dose of glucose without insulin and glucose with insulin for 72 h,and mannitol was chosen as hyperosmosis control group.Real time fluorescent quantitation polymerase chain reaction (RT-FQ-PCR) was used to determine expressions of TGF-β1 and TIMP-1 mRNAs of HSC in each group.Results Expressions of TGF-β1 and TIMP-1 mRNAs of HSC in each group could be detected and showed no significant difference among groups (P ＞ 0.05).However,in general,expression of TGF-β1 mRNA in glucose with insulin group decreased and TIMP-1 mRNA increased.Conclusions The mRNA expressions of TGF-β1 and TIMP-1 in HSC could not be induced by high glucose alone,high dose of insulin may increase expressions of HSC TIMP-1 and reduce TGF-β1 expression.The main mechanisms of diabetic hepatic fibrosis may not be TGF-β1 pathway but be closely related to TIMP-1 pathway.

Objective To investigate the role of transforming growth factor-?_1 (TGF-?_1)and hepatocyte growth factor(HGF)in the pathogenesis of early renal impairment in patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB).Methods The serum levels of TGF-?_1 and HGF of 44 patients with CHB and 20 healthy people were measured by specific-ELISA,and the urine levels of ?_1-microglobulin (?_1-MG)and microalbumin (mALB)were tested by RIA.Results The serum levels of TGF-?_1 and HGF in the patients with CHB were significantly higher than those in the control (P

Problems and insufficiency in Infectious Disease teaching were analyzed and several improvement measures were proposed to emend the teaching outline,to strengthen the construction of teaching material,to improve teaching staff quality and to improve class and experiment teaching quality.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of patients with superinfection of HEV and HBV related acute on chro-nic liver failure(ACLF) .Methods Clinical data of 35 patients diagnosed with superinfection of HEV and HBV related ACLF and 37 patients diagnosed with HBV related ACLF were collected for this retrospective study .The liver and kidney function ,HBV DNA level ,blood platelet count(BPC) ,coagulation function ,model for end-stage liver disease(MELD)score and mortality at 24 weeks were analyzed .Furthermore ,comparison of the clinical data between the survival patients and died patients in superinfection group was made .Unconditioned binary response logistic regression model was used to determine the corresponding risk factors .Results The level of total bilirubin(TBIL) ,MELD score ,incidence rate of hepatic encephalopathy and mortality at 24 weeks were signifi-cantly higher and prothrombin activity(PTA)was significantly lower in superinfection patients(P<0 .05) .The level of serum creat-inine(Cr) ,MELD score and incidence rate of hepatic encephalopathy were significantly higher and PTA was significantly lower in died patients than that of superinfection group(P< 0 .05) .Logistic regression analysis identified TBIL(P= 0 .024 ,OR= 1 .006) , BPC(P=0 .019 ,OR=0 .983) ,PTA(P=0 .001 ,OR=0 .795) ,MELD score(P=0 .005 ,OR=1 .497)and hepatic encephalopathy(P=0 .001 ,OR=4 .147)as prognostic factors for patients with superinfection of HEV and HBV related ACLF .Conclusion The clini-cal features of patients with superinfection of HEV and HBV related ACLF were more serious .The higher level of TBIL ,MELD score and hepatic encephalopathy and the lower level of BPC and PTA ,the worse prognosis .

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of sequential plasma perfusion of low dose plasma exchange in the pa-tients with acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF).Methods The patients with HBV related ACLF in the infection department of the Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College were divided into the plasma exchange therapy group (group A,n=114)and the low dose plasma exchange sequential plasma perfusion therapy group (group B,n=144).The group A was treated only by plasma exchange of fresh frozen plasma 2 400 mL;while the group B adopted the sequential plasma perfusion of plasma exchange,with fresh frozen plasma dosage of 1 400 mL.The changes of the liver and renal function,coagulation function and electrolyte indicators were observed in the two groups.The differences in the clinical effects and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results The serum levels of ALT,TBIL and INR after treatment in the two groups were significant decreased than before treatment(P<0.05);ALB and PTA were significantly improved compared with before treatment(P<0.05);there were no signif-icant differences in serum levels of CRE,K+ and Na+ between before and after treatment.The changes of various indexes before and after treatment had no statistical differences between the two groups.The total effective rate and the mortality at 24 weeks in the group B was 66.66% and 47.22% respectively,which had no statistical differences compared with the group A.The total oc-currence rate of adverse reactions in the group B was 23.75%,which was significant lower than 35.26% in the group A with statis-tical difference (P=0.011).Conclusion Sequential plasma perfusion of plasma exchange has better clinical effect and few adverse reactions for treating the patients with ACLF,which can reduce the plasma dosage significantly.

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) in patients with HBV related acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) .Methods The serum and clinical data of patients with ACLF (ACLF group ,n=214) ,patients with mild chronic hepatitis B (mild chronic hepatitis B group ,n=196) were collected from outpatient and inpatient in the hospital ,and control group(n=200) people were the blood transfusion healthy blood donors .The level of ALR was measured by ELISA method .The correlation between ALR and MELD score of patients with ACLF were analyzed by linear regres-sion analysis .Unconditioned binary response logistic regression model was used to determine the correlation between ALR and mor-tality at 24 weeks of patients with ACLF .Results Serum ALR level was higher in ACLF group than in mild chronic hepatitis B group and control group(P<0 .05) .There were negative correlations between the serum ALR level and MELD score of patients with ACLF(r2 = -0 .249 ,F=13 .955 ,P<0 .01) .Serum ALR level of patients with ACLF was more significant in survival group than in dead group(P=0 .004) .Logistic regression analysis identified that high serum ALR level was related to the good prognosis (P=0 .012 ,OR=0 .807) .Conclusion The serum ALR level was significantly increased in patients with HBV related ACLF which played an important role in liver regeneration and improve the prognosis of patients .

Objective To understand the effectiveness of medical cooperation in the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University with a county hospital for providing a reference basis for medical cooperation.

Objective To investigate the role of Astragahs in alleviating adhesion of neutrophils to HK-2 cells induced by postasphyxial-serum of neonate and its signal transduction mechanism. MethodsHK-2 cells were used as target cell. Control group, asphyxia group, Astragalus group were divided in the experiment. The 20％ (volume fraction) postasphyxial-serum was used as attacking factor. The following indicators were detected: cellular morphology and neutrophils adhesion were observed with inverted microscope. The activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the cell suspension were determined by biochemistry assay as the indicator for adhesion of neutrophils to HK-2. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) were examined by flow eytometer. ResultsThe neutrophils numbers (MPO activity) and ICAM-1 expression in asphyxia group were higher than that of the control group, but dramatically decreased in Astragalus group (P < 0.05). ConclusionsThese data demonstrated that Astragalus could alleviate the adhesion of neutrophils from neonate with asphyxia to HK-2 and it' s intracellular signal transduction mechanism is presumably involved in the inhibition of ICAM-1 expression on HK-2 cellular membrane.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of plasma exchange combined with dual plasma molecular adsorption system (PE+ DPMAS) in treating patients with hepatitis B virus related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF).Methods:A total of 114 HBV-ACLF patients admitted to The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University in Luzhou City and treated with PE+ DPMAS from June 2014 to January 2018 were included. According to different basis of liver diseases, there were type A, type B and type C. The laboratory data and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) of patients before PE+ DPMAS and 48 h after treatment, and the prognosis of patients at 90 d were retrospectively analyzed. Independent sample t test, paired sample t test, nonparametric test, variance analysis and chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results:The clinical stages among patients with type A (22 cases), type B (39 cases) and type C (53 cases) were mainly early (seven, 17, 22 cases) and mid-stages (eight, 14, 20 cases). Before PE+ DPMAS, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), prealbumin (pAlb), albumin (Alb), creatinine (Cr), total bilirubin (TBil), prothrombin time (PT), international normalized ratio (INR), prothrombin activity (PTA), and MELD were all not statistically different among the patients in the three groups (all P>0.05). After PE+ DPMAS treatment, ALT, TBil, PT, INR, MELD, pAlb, Alb, and PTA in patients with type A were statistically different compared with those before treatment ( Z=5.104, t=5.555, 4.974, 4.481, 7.984, -5.396, -2.784 and -6.752, respectively, all P<0.05). ALT, TBil, PT, INR and MELD in patients with type B were significantly decreased, while pAlb and PTA were significantly increased after treatment ( Z=-5.428, t=4.867, 4.405, 4.179, 6.186, -6.290 and -4.533, respectively, all P<0.01). ALT, pAlb and TBil in patients with type C after PE+ DPMAS treatment were significantly different from those before treatment ( Z=-5.723, t=-2.525 and 2.462, respectively, all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in Cr of the three groups before and after treatment (all P>0.05). The patients with type A had the shortest hospital stay ((17.95±5.92) d), while the patients with type C had the longest stay ((25.77±7.02) d). The hospital stay of patients with type B was (21.79±6.72) d. The difference was statistically significant ( F=11.317, P<0.01). After 90 d follow-up, four patients (18.18%) with type A died, nine patients (23.08%) with type B died, and 25 patients (47.17%)with type C died. The difference was statistically significant ( χ2=8.615, P=0.013). Conclusion:HBV-ACLF patients with type A and type B have better prognosis after PE+ DPMAS treatment compared to patients with type C who are in the decompensated stage of liver cirrhosis.

‍ ObjectiveTo investigate and compare the value of albumin-related ratios ［total bilirubin-to-albumin ratio （TAR）， creatinine-to-albumin ratio （CAR）， prothrombin time-international normalized ratio-to-albumin ratio （IAR）， neutrophil count-to-albumin ratio （NAR）， and red blood cell distribution width-to-albumin ratio （RAR）］ in predicting the short-term prognosis of patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure （HBV-ACLF）. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for 354 patients with HBV-ACLF who were admitted to Department of Infectious Diseases， The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University， from June 2017 to February 2022， and according to their prognosis at 3 months of follow-up， they were divided into survival group （n=272） and death group （n=82）. Related indices were recorded for all patients， including age， sex， complications， and the results of routine blood test， liver function， and coagulation for the first time after admission， and albumin-related ratios and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease （MELD） score were calculated. The t-test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups， and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distribution continuous data between groups； the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. The Spearman correlation test was used to investigate the correlation between albumin-related ratios and MELD score. The Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association of MELD score， TAR， CAR， IAR， NAR， and RAR with poor prognosis. The area under the ROC curve （AUC） was used to as sess the accuracy of albumin-related ratios and MELD score in predicting the short-term prognosis of HBV-ACLF patients， and the De-Long test was used for the comparison of AUC. ResultsCompared with the death group， the survival group had significantly lower MELD score （Z=-8.071， P<0.001）， TAR （Z=-6.695， P<0.001）， CAR （Z=-4.463， P<0.001）， IAR （Z=-7.912， P<0.001）， NAR （Z=-4.061， P<0.001）， and RAR （Z=-4.788， P<0.001）. MELD score was positively correlated with CAR （r=0.616， P<0.001）， IAR （r=0.733， P<0.001）， TAR （r=0.657， P<0.001）， NAR （r=0.392， P<0.001）， and RAR （r=0.380， P<0.001）. The multivariate regression analysis of MELD score and albumin-related ratios showed that high TAR （odds ratio ［OR］=1.014， 95% confidence interval ［CI］： 1.008 — 1.020， P<0.001） and high IAR （OR=22.052， 95%CI： 6.937 — 70.103， P<0.001） were independent risk factors for death. The ROC curves were plotted for albumin-related ratios and MELD score to evaluate their discriminatory ability for mortality， and the results showed that MELD score， TAR， CAR， IAR， NAR， and RAR had an AUC of 0.794， 0.744， 0.663， 0.788， 0.648， and 0.674， respectively， among which MELD score had the highest sensitivity of 86.59% and CAR had the highest specificity of 77.57%. TAR combined with IAR had an AUC of 0.809， with a sensitivity of 76.8% and a specificity of 71.3%. Subgroup analysis of HBV-ACLF showed that TAR combined with IAR had the highest AUC values of 0.884 and 0.733， respectively， in patients with type A or type C HBV-ACLF. ConclusionTAR and IAR can be used as simple and effective prognostic tools to predict the 90-day mortality of HBV-ACLF patients.