Objective To explore the antimicrobial resistance of Moraxella Catarrhalis in children with respiratory infection.Methods Eleven strains of Moraxella Catarrhalis were isolated from nasopharyngeal secretion in 145 children with community-acquired respiratory tract infection in Beijing Friendship Hospital from 2004 to 2006.Segregated stocks were isolated from upper respiratory infection in 5 cases,bronchitis in 3 cases and pneumonia in 3 cases.Agar dilution method was used to determine minimal inhibition concentrations (MIC),including 8 kinds of antibiotics,and ?-lactamase was detected.WHONET 5 and SPSS 11.5 software were used to analyze data.Results Ten of the 11 strains were ?-lactamase positive.The rates of resistance to ampicillin,cefuroxime and erythromycin were 81.8%,63.6% and 18.2% respectively,however,all the strains were susceptible to ceftriaxone.MIC90 of penicillin and cefradine was 32.0 mg/L and 8.0 mg/L respectively.MIC90 of roxithromycin and azithromycin was 2.0 mg/L and 0.25 mg/L respectively.Conclusions Moraxella Catarrhalis is an opportunistic pathogen.The ?-lactamase positive rate of Moraxella Catarrhalis from children is high,and there is also a high resistance percen-tages of Moraxella Catarrhalis to penicillin,ampicillin,first and second generation cephalosporins.Moraxella Catarrhalis is susceptible to Cefuroxime.

Objective To understand the difference of helpful T lymphocyte subsets in patients diagnosed with bronchiolitis or asthma.Methods There were 34 patients in bronchiolitic group including 20 males and 14 females,the age of the patients was 1-15(6.65?4.22) months.They were confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence of nasopharyngeal secretion and (or) virus IgM antibody detected in plasma.All of the patients were infected with virus,23,4,4,and 3 patients were infected with respiratory syncytial virus,parainfluenza virus,influenza virus and adenovirus,respectively.All patients showed wheeze and small to medium blistering sound to different extend in both lungs,and all patients got fever at various degrees (20 patients blow 38 ℃,12 patients at 38-39 ℃ and 2 patients above 39 ℃).The patients′ capillary white cell counts were relatively normal when they were admitted to the hospital.There were 21 patients in asthmatic group including 12 male and 9 female,the age of the patients was 3-13 (8.05?2.85) years.Blood cells of 34 patients with bronchiolitis and 21 patients with asthma were collected by flow cytometry,and their peripheral T lymphocyte subsets were analyzed.The percentages of CD4+ cells secreting IFN-? or IL-4 were counted.They represented the percentage of helpful T lymphocyte Th1 and Th2,respectively.Results The percentage of CD4 positive cells and the ratio of CD4/CD8 were significantly higher in the bronchiolitic group than that in the asthmatic group (Pa=0.002).There was no significant difference of the percentage of Th1 cells between 2 groups.The percentage of Th2 cells in the bronchiolitic group,however,was significantly lower than that of the asthmatic group (P=0).Thus the Th1/Th2 ratio was significantly higher in the bronchiolitic group (P=0.031).Conclusions Compared with asthmatic patients,the patients with bronchiolitis show relative Th1 predominant response.Therefore,the treatment strategy should be different for these 2 diseases.

Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Angiostatins ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Cadherins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors ; Matrix Metalloproteinases ; metabolism ; Microvessels ; metabolism ; Neoplasms ; blood supply ; pathology ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; metabolism ; pathology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism

Background Cataract surgery can induce the occurrence of dry eye because of the influence of incision on corneal nerve fibers and the change of corneal regularity derived by surgery.Objective This study was to investigate the change of regularity of anterior corneal surface,tear film and astigmatism caused by the process of manual small-incision cataract surgery (manual SICS) and phacoemulsification (Phaco).Methods A prospective non-randomized controlled study was designed.Fifty eyes of 46 age-related cataract patients were included in this clinical study.Thirty eyes of 30 patients received the manual SICS,and other 20 eyes of 16 patients underwent Phaco.Corneal irregularity measurement (CIM),shape factor (SF) and corneal astigmatism were assessed by the corneal tomography examination,the subjective symptoms were scored and tear film break up time (BUT),Schirmer Ⅰ test (S Ⅰ t) were examined before surgery and 1 day,1 week,1 month after surgery.The examined parameters were compared among different time points and two groups.This study was approved by Ethic Committee of Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College,and written informed consent was obtained prior to operation.Results The CIM values were gradually increased with the prolong of time after operation,showing a statistically significant difference dependent on time (Ftime =22.864,P =0.000),and CIM value of 1 day,1 week and 1 month after operation was higher than that of before operation (P＜0.01).However,no significant difference was found in CIM value between two groups in different time points (Fgroup =0.062,P =0.804).There was no significant difference in SF values with time prolong (Ftime =4.600,P =0.428) and different groups (Fgroup =0.009,P =0.925).The BUT was gradually reduced with the time prolongs with the considerably difference (Ftime =39.384,P=0.000).Obviously decreases of BUT values were seen in 1 week and 1 month in comparison with 1 day after operation (both P=0.000).But no significant change was found in BUT between two groups in various time points (Fgroup =0.000,P=0.983).In the manual SICS group,the difference was found in S Ⅰ t values between before operation and 1 week or 1 month after surgery(P＜0.01).Surgery associated astigmatism (SIA) was existed in the operative eyes in various time points after operation.With time lapse,SIA value was declined with a significant difference (Ftime =21.479,P =0.000),the difference also was found in different groups (Fgroup =8.709,P =0.005),and SIA value in the Phaco was significantly lower than that in the manual SICS group (P＜0.01).Conclusions In the present study,in the early stage after manual SICS and Phaco,SIA appears due to the irregular change of the anterior corneal surface increases and stability of tear film worsens.

AIM: To compare the efficiency and safety of torsional phacoemulsification with or without intelligent phacoemulsification ( IP ) software in hard nucleus cataract extraction.
METHODS: Ninety two eyes with Ⅳ - Ⅴ grades cataracts were enrolled in this randomized prospective study. Operated eyes were divided into two groups -those operated without IP software ( non- IP group, n =43) and those operated using IP software (IP group, n =49 ). The two groups were compared in terms of ultrasound time (UST) and cumulative dissipated energy (CDE). Post- operative outcome measures included the corneal edema and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at 1,7d and 3mo postoperatively, corneal endothelial cell density and percentage of hexagonal cell at 7d and 3mo postoperatively.
RESULTS: UST was measured as 52. 51±9. 64s in non-IP Group and 48. 79±7. 13s in IP Group (P = 0. 030). CDE was 15. 78±3. 73% in non-IP Group and 14. 29±2. 77% in IP Group ( P = 0. 026). At the first postoperative day, the rate of BCVA>0. 1 in non-IP Group was 56%, and the rate in IP Group was 79% (P= 0. 066). Corneal edema in non-IP Group was 2. 98±0. 77 scores, and in IP Group it was 2. 61±0. 64 scores (P = 0. 021). At the postoperative 7 and 30d, the BCVA and corneal edema were no differences between two groups. At the postoperative 7d, corneal endothelial cell density in non- IP Group were 2497. 95 ±211. 48 / mm2 , less than 2586. 26±154. 71 / mm 2 in IP Group (P= 0. 029);percentage of hexagonal cell in IP group was 48. 33±8. 69%,higher than 44. 19±9. 48% of non-IP group(P= 0. 030).CONCLUSION: In hard nucleus cataract extraction, the IP software can combine the advantages of the two kinds of ultrasonic modes, which is more effective with lower ultrasound energy and less injury for the corneal endothclium, and is helpful for the recovery of vision at early stage after surgeries.

In this paper, the author proposed the development direction and study task for processing subject. Its development direction were study of scientific research method and establishment of technological platform for processing-patterns for the scientific research and production combination (enterprise as the mainstay). And its main task will be located at the inheritance of the traditional Chinese medicine pharmaceutical technology, the protection of processing culture as the non-material heritage, and the development of processing as a modern subject.

In this paper, based on the scientific research of TCM for many years and from the front-line point of view, the author explored the mainly common problems which had been existed in the TCM research, such as the establishment of the quality standard, the research of innovative drugs, the research ideas differentia between TCM and the natural drugs, the improvement of the research management model and other issues.

BACKGROUND: The blood oxygen saturation is an important physiological parameter of human hfe; it can be affected by multiple factors due to the imbalance of oxygen supply and consumption, and consequently, the normal physical metabolism is affected. The existing manufacturing techniques are complex and are used with higher demands. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the accuracy of the novel reflecting oximeter designed on the basis of reflecting principle in monitoring the variance of blood oxygen saturation with the change of its concentration. DESIGN: To introduce the structure, working principle and design of the reflecting oximeter and make comparative study with adult rabbits as the subjects. SETTING: Cardiopolmonary Bypass Department of Cardiovascular disease hospital of the Chinese Academy of MedicalSciences. MATERIALS: The study was performed at the Departments of Anesthesiology and Cardiopulmonary Bypass of the Cardiovascular Disease Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from August to October in 2001.Ten adult rabbits were selected. METHODS: The oximeter consists of a converter, a driver, a central processing mould and liquid-crystal monitor. It is characterized by the onethree optical cable connected with reflecting probe, postcentral management system and digital displayer. This oxmeter was developed basing on the basis of fixed relationship between blood oxygen saturation and radiant absorbency (or reflecting). In this study,cardiovascular-pulmonary bypass was established on rabbits that were then exposed to oxygen and NO mixture supply of different concentrations,and then the corresponding blood oxygen saturations were determined with the new oximeter and compared with series-wound Baite saturation meter and blood-gas analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The blood oxygen saturation at different concentrations determined with the reflecting oximeter and Baite saturation meter. RESULTS: At the same oxygen concentration, the blood oxygen saturation determined with the new measure was not significantly different from that determined with Baite blood oxygen saturation meter(P＞0.05 ). CONCLUSION: The variance of blood oxygen saturation with the change of oxygen concentration can be detected by the reflecting oximeter with the result similar to that by Baite blood oxygen saturation meter.

Objective To investigate the effects of congenital ptosis on refractive power of the corneal surface.Methods Forty-five patients (90 eyes) with congenital ptosis in the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University were examined from October 2013 to June 2015.Corneal topographic analysis was performed in both the ptosis and the normal eyes.The comparison between the ptotic eye and the normal eye was done according to the topographic results.Results Among 90 eyes,55 were ptotic and 35 were normal.Amblyopia was detected in 21 ptotic eyes (38.2％).No correlation was found between amblyopia and the severity of ptosis (x 2=2.617,P＞0.05).Ptotic eye showed an asymmetrical bow tie pattern (23 eyes) and an irregular pattern (32 eyes) on corneal photography and the maximum refractive power occurred at the inferior quadrant of the corneal horizontal axis.Difference value of the average refractive power of the cornea between lower side and upper side in ptotic eyes was higher than that of the normal eyes at 5mm and 7mm diameter areas (P＜0.01) except for 3mm diameter area (P＞ 0.05).Conclusion Congenital ptosis may lead to the change of refractive power of the local corneal surface.Amblyopia has no correlation with the severity of ptosis.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the drying technology of Zingiber officinale peel and establish its quality standard. METHODS:Moisture content was determined in samples after being dried for different time(0.5-10.0 h)under 50,60,70,80, 90 ℃. Optimal drying time under each temperature was screened by using moisture content of 7%-13% as dryness for controlling standard. Then contents of 6-gingerol,8-gingerol,6-shogaol,10-gingerol in samples dried for optimal drying time under different temperatures were measured,using the 4 gingerol contents as indexes to optimize the drying temperature and time. And verification test was conducted. The moisture,total ash,water soluble extract,volatile oil,6-gingerol,8-gingerol and 10-gingerol of Z. offici-nale peel from 10 different producing areas were detected to establish quality standard after being dried with the optimal technology. RESULTS:The drying time of Z. officinale peel under 50,60,70,80,90 ℃ was determined as 10.0,4.2,2.6,1.5,1.1 h,re-spectively. The optimal drying technology was 50 ℃ drying for 10.0 h. Verification test showed RSDs of 6-gingerol,8-gingerol, 6-shogaol,10-gingerol contents were 1.46%,1.09%,1.35%,1.12%(n=3),respectively. The quality standard of Z. officinale peel was suggested that total ash was no more than 18.0%;water soluble extract,volatile oil,6-gingerol,8-gingerol,10-gingerol were respectively no less than 18.0%,1.30%,0.730%,0.060%,0.100%. CONCLUSIONS:The optimized drying technology of Z. officinale peel is reasonable,reliable,stable and simple,which provides a scientific basis for standardizing the drying technolo-gy and quality standard of Z. officinale peel. The established quality standard is feasible.