Objective To investigate the clinical significance of dynamic change of serum IL‐17A/IL‐23 in131 I treatment of Graves hyperthyroidism by dynamically detecting the serum IL‐23/Th17 axis related factor levels before and after 131 I treatment of Graves hyperthyroidism .Methods 30 untreated inpatients with Graves disease(GD) in our hospital were selected as the T0 group , those treated by 1- ,3- ,6-month 131 I treatment were taken as the group T1 ,T3 and T6 .Contemporeneous 30 individuals under‐going healthy physical examination were selected as the normal control (NC) group .The various groups had no statistical differences in the aspects of the age ,gender and disease course ,and had the comparability (P>0 .05) .Serum concentration of IL‐17A and IL‐23 was measured by the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique .FT3 ,FT4 and TSH were detected by combing with clinic .Results The levels of serum IL‐17A and IL‐23 before131I treatment were significantly higher than those in the NC group(P<0 .05);with the treatment proceeding ,which at ,1 ,3 ,6 months were gradually decreased ,the differences were statistically signifi‐cant but(P<0 .05);after 6 -month 131 I treatment in the GD patients ,the effects of IL‐17A and IL‐23 double negative in the T6 group were better than those of single negative ,and better than those of double positive ,the differences were statistically (Fisher value=13 .273 ,P<0 .05) .Conclusion Dynamically monitoring the serum IL‐23/Th17 axis related factor levels has the significance for guiding treatment ,judging the curative effect and predicting recurrence .