Objective To investigate the influence of β-lactam antimicrobial drugs on infants′intestinal flora.Methods Infants from 0 to 1 years old were enrolled in the study,who′s feces samples were tested for Bacillus bifidus,lactobacillus,enterococcus and E.coli by using 16S rRNA quantitative PCR technique before using antibiotics,on the third and fifth day duringβ-lactam antibiotics treatment and the seventh day after treatment.Results The numbers of Bacillus bifidus,lactobacillus,E.coli and enterococci detec-ted in usingβ-lactam antibiotics group were not statistically different from those in not using antibiotics group(P >0.05).The num-bers of Bacillus bifidus and lactobacillus increased with the treatment process,the differencies was statistically significant(P <0.05).The recovery of the numbers of intestinal Bacillus bifidus and lactobacillus in not using antibiotics group was significantly faster than using antibiotics group,the difference was statistically significant(P <0.05).Conclusion β-lactam antibiotics have gen-eral killing effect on the intestinal flora in infants,which could recover to normal.The recovery of intestinal flora could be delayed if antibiotics are used,however,reasonable antibiotics treatment would be very helpful in the treatment of primary diseases.

Objective To compare and analyze the detection situation of common pathogens in child respiratory tract infection in our hospital and to provide the basis for clinical accurate diagnosis and reasonable treatment .Methods A total of 6 032 specimens were collected from the children patients with acute respiratory tract infection in the Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital from January to December 2015 .The immunodot test technology was adopted to detect the 6 kinds of early specific serum antibody IgM of common respiratory pathogens :adenovirus (ADV ) ,influenza virus (IV ) ,parainfluenza (PIV ) ,respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) ,mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) and chlamydia pneumonia (CP) .The differences in children infection pat‐terns ,different ages ,seasons and genders were analyzed .Results Among 6 032 specimens ,2 279 cases were positive with the posi‐tive rate of 37 .8% .The positive rates of 6 kinds of respiratory pathogens were in turn 12 .2% for ADV ,9 .6% for IV ,7 .9% for CP ,4 .6% for MP ,3 .0% for RSV and 0 .3% for PIV .The detection rate of respiratory tract pathogens was higher in spring and summer ;age groups of 1-3 years old and 4-6 years old had higher positive detection rate .Conclusion The main common patho‐gen of respiratory tract infection in this hospital is ADV ,followed by IV .Their infection has obvious seasonality .The mycoplasma and chlamydia also are the common pathogens of respiratory tract infection ,which are dominated by MP and CP .