Objective To explore the effects of AP on pulmonary fibrosis. Methods Alveolar macrophages (AM) were treated by AP for 24 hours. Pulmonary fibroblasts (FB) were cultured with the supernatant of AM medium. The protein of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-?1) of AM, the proliferative activity and hydroxyproline (Hyp) content of FB were examined. Rats were treated with AP by intratracheal instillation and sacrificed at 3 days. The TGF-?1 mRNA content in the lung was examined. Results The positive staining macrophages in low and high AP groups and the quantity of TGF-?1 in high AP group were obviously higher than those in the control group (P

BACKGROUND:The hip is a complicated structure and irregular in shape. It is hard to measure stress distribution and transmission. OBJECTIVE:To establish a three-dimensional finite element model of the hip joint and upper femur, and analyze the stress distribution and transmission characteristics of the acetabulum region under different loads, and explore mechanics mechanism of hip fracture based on CT data. METHODS:The three-dimensional finite element hip and femur model were reconstructed in Mimics 14.0 based on the CT data of a healthy adult man. After dividing mesh, assigning material and transforming into finite element model, the stress distributions of anterior wal , the top, and the posterior wal of the acetabulum, the stress of acetabulum areas and displacement of acetabular unit were calculated with finite element software Ansys 13.0 software under 300, 600, 900 and 1 200 N. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) A three-dimensional finite element model of the hip and the femur was successful y established, consisting of 284 183 nodes and 160 665 units. (2) The characteristics of the stress distribution of acetabulum region:the maximal stress was concentrated on the posterosuperior part of acetabular crest, fol owed by the posterior wal and the anterior wal in order in upright position under different loads. The stress transmitted by four ways:from acetabular crest to ilium, along linea terminalis of pelvis to sacroiliac joint, in the acetabular sockets, and along the pubic ramus. The stress and the propagation distance were increasing as the loads increased. Acetabular element stress variable was increased. (3) Above results indicated that three-dimensional finite element model of the human hip joint established by Mimics 14.0 based on CT data matches the anatomical structure in a great degree, could be used in the biomechanics analysis under different loads, and has a guiding significance for design of artificial hip prosthesis.

BACKGROUND:Recently, studies on three-dimensional reconstruction and biomechanics became more and more. Three-dimensional models of organs were established by modeling software based on image data using computer. Mechanical analysis was conducted using finite element analysis software. After literature retrieval, we found that the principle of three-dimensional reconstruction of human organs is not clear, and the process description is relatively simple. Some is not accorded with the fact. Above studies cannot guide related research. OBJECTIVE:To explore the principle, process, results and further application of three-dimensional reconstruction models of organs, and to provide evidence for future studies. METHODS:We retrieved China National Knowledge Infrastructure for representative literatures about three-dimensional reconstruction of human organs using the computer, and analyzed the principle, process, results and further application of three-dimensional reconstruction models of organs. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In combination with established three-dimensional bone models, we explained the principle, process, and application of three-dimensional reconstruction in detail, and laid the theoretical foundation for subsequent biomechanical research. With continuous development of tissue engineering technology, scholars have begun to study the pathogenesis of bone injury from various angles and different aspects so as to better prevent and treat this disease. The related research is stil in its primary stage, and stil needs further investigations.