Objective To explore the best humidifying methods of artificial airway by comparison of different humidifying approaches.Methods 124 patients were divided into the control group (60 cases) and the treatment group (64 cases).Two methods,continuous airway humidifying by the trace injection pump and continuous airway humidifying by oxygen atomization were adopted.The humidifying effect,tolerance rate of patients,the airway complications and nursing cost were compared between the two groups.Results The method of continuous airway humidifying by oxygen atomization had better effect,was easy to be tolerated,less complications and less cost.Conclusions Continuous airway humidifying by oxygen atomization is a safe,effective,low-cost method,it is easy to be tolerated by patients and is worthy of being popularized.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Jidesheng snake medicine on patients with bites by unknown poisonous insects. Methods69 cases with bites by unknown poisonous insects were randomly divided into the experimental group (35 cases)and the control group (34 cases).The experimental group used Jidesheng snake medicine for external application,the control group used povidone iodine.The treatment effect within one week was compared,including cure rate,total effective rate,satisfaction degree of patients and incidence rate of complication. ResultsAfter treatment,the cure rate and total effective rate of the experimental group was 71.43％ and 97.14％,higher than 61.76％ and 85.29％ of the control group.The incidence rate of complications was 2.86％ in the experimental group,lower than 8.82％ of the control group.The satisfaction degree of patients in the experimental group was 91.43％,significantly higher than 85.29％ of the control group. ConclusionsApplication of Jidesheng snake medicine in treatment of bites by unknown poisonous insects is more effective,and the incidence rate of complication was lower.It is worthy of clinical application.

Objective: To understand the epidemiology characteristics of child injury aged 6-17. Data was from the National Injury Surveillance System (NISS) and the results of the study would provide corresponding intervention strategies and decision-making for child injury prevention. Methods: Descriptive analysis was applied to depict the general information, injury event and clinical characteristics of child injury aged 6-17 from 2015 to 2018. Results: A total of 331 663 child injury cases aged 6-17 were reported, with the male and female ratio appeared as 2.19∶1. 15:00-18:59 was the peak time of injury cases from 2015 to 2018. The majority of the injuries occurred unintentional(94.85%). The top three causes of injury cases were falling(51.38%), blunt injury (12.50%)and road traffic injury(11.27%). The injuries occurred mainly at home(28.23%), in schools/public places (27.70%) and on the road/street(20.35%). The main activities were leisure activities (46.67%) and sports activities(14.36%). 49.06% cases were bruise. 31.18% of the injury involved with head, but 83.32% of injuries were minor, while 90.05% left hospital after the treatment. Conclusion Falls, blunt injury and road traffic injury are the key causes of children aged 6-17 to go to the outpatient /emergency department for treatment. Prevention and control should be carried out according to the epidemic characteristics of injuries among children of different genders and ages.

OBJECTIVETo understand the epidemiological characteristics of head injuries in children.

METHODSData was derived from the Chinese National Injury Surveillance System (NISS) in 2014. Method on descriptive analysis was applied to depict general information, injuries events and clinical characteristics of head injuries among children under 18 years of age.

RESULTSA total number of 47 690 cases with child head injuries in 2014 were collected, including 32 542 males and 15 148 females. 43.47% of them were under 1-4 years of age. In October, 06:00 PM appeared the peak time for the injuries to happen. The three leading causes responsible for child head injuries were falls (69.57%), hit by blunt force (14.23%) or road traffic (11.01%). Main locations responsible for the head injuries to happen were:at home (44.98%), at public places (19.65%) or on roads/streets (15.81%). Recreation activates (77.88%), driving (7.32%), sports (5.72%) were the three major activities causing the injuries to take place. Majority of the cases happened unintentionally (95.35%), with bruise (71.69%) or mild injuries (85.27%) and went back home after treatment (90.25%).

CONCLUSIONSIn 2014, child head injuries were seen more in males than in females and mostly occured at home. The leading causes for head injuries would include falls, hit by blunt stuff or road traffic .

Accidental Falls ; statistics & numerical data ; Accidents, Traffic ; statistics & numerical data ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; statistics & numerical data ; Automobile Driving ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; epidemiology ; Environment ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Population Surveillance ; Recreation ; Sports ; Transportation ; Wounds and Injuries ; epidemiology

Objective: To analyze and compare the disease burden of falls in Chinese population aged 0-19, in 1990 and 2017. Methods: Indicators including number of deaths, mortality rates, years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLL), years lived with disability (YLD) and disability-adjusted of life years (DALY), on falls, were gathered from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 and used to describe the disease burden and corresponding parameters on falls, between 1990 and 2017, in China. Results: In 2017, number of death, YLLs, YLDs, DALYs caused by falls were 5 321, 0.43 million person years, 0.14 million person years and 0.57 million person years respectively, among aged 0-19 group. Rates on standardized mortality, YLLs, YLDs and DALYs on falls were 1.76/100 000, 141.49/100 000, 46.99/100 000, and 188.48/100 000, respectively. The burden of falls decreased with the increase of age. Compared with 1990, disease burden of falls decreased in all age groups, both in male and female, with more seen in the lower age groups. Compared with 1990, the number of deaths, rates on YLLs, YLDs and DALYs caused by falls decreased by 65.08%, 46.63%, 47.38% and 36.33% respectively, in 2017. However, the YLDs rate increased by 73.31% between 1990 and 2017. The ratio of YLLs to DALYs decreased from 90.84% in 1990 to 75.07% in 2017, with a proportion as 17.36%. Conclusion Compared with 1990, although the disease burden of falls among aged 0-19 group showed a decreasing trend, falls still caused serious disease burden for the aged 0-19 group. Research that targeting prevention on falls, should be continued.

Objective: To understand the current situation of road traffic injuries among primary and secondary school students in Mengzi city. Methods: Using the cluster random sampling method, more than 9 000 primary and secondary school students from 20 primary and secondary schools in Mengzi city, were randomly sampled. A questionnaire survey was conducted on the occurrence of road traffic injuries in school students. Results: A total of 9 197 students were surveyed, including 150 from road traffic injuries. The incidence rates of road traffic injuries was 1.63% among students in Mengzi city and 2.85% among junior high school students, with the high incidence in May. The leading places of injuries were village roads (38.00%), city roads (33.33%) and district roads (12.67%), respectively. 26.67% of the traffic injuries occurred on the way to or from schools, with riding on electric bicycle (52.00%) as the major cause and contusion/abrasion (75.33%) appeared as the major signs. Both lower and upper limbs plus multiple parts were accounting for 45.51%, 22.16% and 16.17%, respectively of all the injuries. 70.67% of all the cases with road traffic injuries in children, recovered after treatment. Children with road traffic injuries would stay in the hospital for up to 90 days but spent less than 30 000 Yuan. Conclusion The incidence of road traffic injuries among students in Mengzi city seemed relatively high, with junior high school students reached the highest. Riding electric bicycle appeared as the leading cause for traffic injuries in children in Mengzi city of Yunnan province.

Objective To analyze the burden and changes caused by burns among Chinese population,from 1990 to 2013.Methods Using the G20 data and the China national and subnational data from GBD2013,this study deemed to comprehensively show the burden caused by burns and the change from 1990 to 2013,using the indicators of death and DALY.Results In 2013,the standardized mortality of burns in Chinese was 0.88/100 000,with the standardized DALY rate of burn as 30.58/100 000.The ratio of DALY between males and females was 1.85 ∶ 1.Among the G20 countries,China ranked 16 for the standardized DALY rate,according to the top down order.The highest death rate was seen in the age group of 70 and over,followed by age group of 5,which had the highest DALY rate and followed by the 70 or older age group.In different provinces,Guizhou presented the highest DALY rate (50.24/100 000),with Aomen area the lowest (6.16/100 000).From 1990 to 2013,the burden of burn reduced generally.Both the standardized rates on death and DALY reduced by 68.10％ and 76.95％ respectively,more in females than in males.Standardized rates on death and DALY reduced among all the age groups,with the rates of reduction increasing by age.From 1990 to 2013,the DALY rate decreased in all the provinces.Conclusions The burden of burn decreased in Chinese population during 1990-2013.However,the burden of burn among children,elderly and males were still relatively high that called for closer attention.

Objective To explore the disease burden of road injuries in China.Methods The results of Global Burden of Disease 2013 including death rate,disability-adjusted of life years (DALY),years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLL),years lived with disability (YLD),were used to describe the burden caused by road injuries in 2013 and the trends from 1990 to 2013,in China.Results In 2013,there were 313 676 deaths caused by traffic accidents in China.Death rate,rates on DALY,YLL and YLD were 22.52 per 100 000,1 076.54 per 100 000,971.21 per 100 000 and 105.34 per 100 000,respectively.Rates on deaths,YLL and YLD appeared higher in males,pedestrians than in females and other types of road travelers.Burden of injuries caused by traffic accidents was seen higher in those aged 15 to 49-year-old.From 1990 to 2013,the overall death rate on road injuries increased by 0.54 per 100 000 in China,with an increase of 2.34 per 100 000 and 0.81 per 100 000,respectively in males and pedestrians.The rates on DALY,YLL and YLD decreased by 164.21 per 100 000,115.06 per 100 000 and 49.06 per 100 000,respectively.Conclusions During the past 20 years,achievements had been made on road injury prevention and control,with the decrease of disease burden caused by road accidents.Males,young adults and pedestrians should be called for more attention to prevent road injuries.

Objective To analyze the disease burden of falls in Chinese population aged 70 and over,in 1990 and 2013 and to provide evidence for the development of prevention strategies on falls in the elderly.Methods Indicators including mortality rate,years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLL),years lived with disability (YLD) and disability-adjusted of life years (DALY) on falls,were gathered from the results of Global Burden of Disease 2013 and used to describe the disease burden of falls in China by calculating the changing rates on corresponding parameters in 1990 and 2013.Results In 2013,the number of deaths,YLLs,YLDs,DALYs caused by falls among Chinese population aged 70 and over were 48 800,0.44 million person years,0.30 millions person years,and 0.74 million person years,respectively.The standardized mortality rate,rates on YLLs,YLDs and DALYs of falls were 561.71 per 100 000,55.87 per 100 000,373.98 per 100 000 and 929.85 per 100 000,respectively.The burden of falls increased along with the increase of age.Compared with 1990,the number of deaths,YLLs,YLDs and DALYs caused by falls increased by 308.80％,161.01％,54.67％ and 104.47％,respectively,in 2013,more seen in males than in females.The standardized mortality rate,YLLs and DALYs caused by falls increased by 63.67％,38.54％ and 73.08％,respectively,during 1990 and 2013.However,the standardized YLDs rate fell by 17.90％ during the same period.Conclusion Falls caused heavy disease burden which increased in 1990 and 2013 among the Chinese population aged 70 and over.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the trend and distribution of Falls, using the data from National Injury Surveillance System (NISS), 2008-2013, to provide basic information for Fall prevention.

METHODSData of Falls was descriptively analyzed from the Chinese NISS from 2008 to 2013.

RESULTSIn total, 1 223 905 cases of Falls were analyzed, that accounted for 32.94% of all the injury cases, with the gender ratio as 1.57. Both the number and the proportion of the cases showed an increasing trend. Labor population (15-64 years-old) accounted for 66.63% of the total 271 502 cases of Falls in 2013. Cases aged 0-4, 5-14 and over 65 accounted for 55.53%, 52.93% and 56.59% among all the types of injuries in each of their age group. Gender ratio appeared to be 1.54 but more females cases were seen with the increase of age. The peak hours that injuries took place were 10:00-10:59 AM (10.04% of total) and 14:00-20:59 PM (43.56% of total). The top three places that injuries took place were home (33.03%), public residents (22.79%) and on the roads (15.49%). Recreation activates (65.38%), paid jobs (13.01%) and housework (7.52%) were the three major ways causing the Falls to take place. The most common parts of body that injuries involved were head (30.41%), low limbs (27.43%) and upper limbs (21.93%), with bruise (54.60%), sprain/strain (16.87%), fractures (15.48%) most commonly seen. 77.76% of the cases were minor but the proportion of moderate and serious injuries increased along with the increase of age.

CONCLUSIONFall was the main type of injury in this country, showing an increasing trend of proportion among all the types of injuries. Though labor-related Falls accounted for the biggest proportion, prevention programs targeting the elderly and children should also be prioritized.

Accidental Falls ; prevention & control ; statistics & numerical data ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Wounds and Injuries ; epidemiology