Objective To investigate the experience of family caregivers in nursing perioperative patients undergoing permanent cardiac pacemaker. Methods Twenty-five family caregivers taking care of the patients undergoing permanent cardiac pacemaker participated in the non-structural study. Data were analyzed by phenomenological procedure. Result The factors by category analysis includes fear, anxiety and uneasiness due to preoperative lack of relevant knowledge and postoperative lack of caring experience, lowered health level of the caregivers, strong demand for health education and lack of confidence in home care. Conclusions The family caregivers′ experience varies with different phases in perioperative period. Nurses should provide personalized services to enhance the continuity of home care so as to enhance the care quality.

Objective To investigate the changes of surface electromyographic signal during lumbar flexion-extension after sling exercise therapy (SET) in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNLBP). Methods 30 patients with CNLBP received SET, 3 times a week for 4 weeks. The surface electromyographic signals of erector spinae and multifidus of both sides were collected, when they were in erect position, flexion motion, maximum voluntary flexion, and back to erect position, before and after intervention. The average electromyogram (AEMG) was analyzed, and the flexion-relaxion ratio (FRR) was compared. Results The FRRs of both erector spinae and multifidus were lower in the painful side than in the healthy side before intervention (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the FRRs of both erector spinae and multifidus between 2 sides after intervention. Conclusion SET may improve the active motion function of the erector spinae and multifidus of the painful side and recovery of flexion-relaxation phenomenon.

Objective To investigate the clinical indicators which can predict esophageal varices in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC).Methods A total of 351 patients with PBC from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2013 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed, including 173 patients with esophageal varices and 178 patients without varicose veins.The alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ-glutamyl transpeptadase (γ-GT), total bilirubin (TBil), albumin (Alb), prothrombin time (PT), platelet (PLT), AST to ALT ratio (AAR), fibrosis index based on the 4 fator (FIB-4), AST to PLT ratio index (APRI) and Mayo scores were compared between two groups.Group t test or rank sum test was used to compare the two groups.Relation between the indicators mentioned above and esophageal varices were tested by univariate analysis.Multivariate unconditional Logistic regression was used to screen these indicators to independently predict esophageal varices in PBC patients.Results Age, PT, TBil, AAR, FIB-4, APRI and Mayo scores of PBC patients with esophageal varices were all higher than those of patients without esophageal varices ([60.3±10.6] years old vs [51.9±10.9] years old, [13.31±3.12] s vs [11.17±2.42] s, 28.06 [18.05, 60.06] mmol/L vs 15.39 [10.64, 33.63] μmol/L, 1.69±0.91 vs 1.23±0.95, 6.18 [4.05,9.16] vs 1.80 [1.10,2.74], 1.95 [1.12,3.08] vs 0.69 [0.38,1.57], 6.45±1.52 vs4.62±1.53, respectively).Whereas ALT, γ-GT, Alb and PLT levels were all lower than those without varicose veins (36.60 [19.88, 74.28] U/L vs 59.32 [23.58, 132.70] U/L, 71.00 [38.36, 165.38] U/L vs 125.00 [37.50, 336.21] U/L, [29.78±6.33] g/L vs [39.51±25.16] g/L, [103.43±52.84]×109/L vs [234.44±90.40]×109/L, respectively).The differences were all statistically significant (t=-7.25, t=-7.18, Z=-5.823, t=-4.60, Z=-8.427, Z=-12.661, t=-11.25, Z=-3.218, Z=2.987, t=4.94, t=16.63, respectively;all P<0.01).Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that PLT<149×109/L (OR=0.966, 95% CI: 0.957-0.974), PT>11.95 s (OR=0.705, 95%CI: 0.569-0.874), TBil>17.19 μmol/L (OR=0.99, 95%CI: 0.982-0.999), FIB-4>3.02 (OR=0.868, 95% CI: 0.807-0.932) and Mayo score>4.88 (OR=6.053, 95%CI: 2.388-15.342) were independent clinical indicators for the prediction of esophageal varicose veins.Conclusions PLT, PT, TBil, FIB-4, and Mayo scores can be used as predictors of esophageal varices in patients with PBC.

ObjectiveTocomparethedifferencesoftwostocksofguineapigs,thealbinoguineapigsandpigment guinea pigs , in establishing dyslipidemic model , to evaluate their lipid-lowering action , and to compare their properties for development of hyperlipidemia .Methods Two stocks of the 5-week-old guinea pigs were randomly divided into two groups, normal group (NC) and model group (Model).For the NC group, 12 guinea pigs were fed with normal chew .For the model group , after fed with high-fat diet for four weeks , 24 male guinea pigs were randomly grouped and treated with vehicle (VC group) and pitavastatin (Pit group) calcium, respectively, by gavage as well as received high-fat diet.Before and after modeling and pitavastatin treatment , blood samples were collected and subjected to analysis of plasma TC , TG, HDL-C and LDL-C, respectively .Results In the normal group , the blood lipid levels of albino guinea pigs were more stable than that of the pigmented pigs with the increase of age .After fed with high-fat diet , the plasma lipid levels of TC , TG and LDL-C were significantly increased in the two strains of guinea pigs , while HDL-C showed a decrease to varying degrees .Interestingly , the lipid level in the albino guinea pigs was significantly higher than that of pigment guinea pigs . And also, after drug administration for four weeks , pitavastatin treatment significantly decreased the elevated lipid level of TC, TG and LDL-C in the albino guinea pigs compared with that in the pigment guinea pigs .Conclusions The albino guinea pigs and pigment guinea pigs demonstrate certain differences in establishing dyslipidemic model and evaluating lipid -lowering pharmacodynamics .However , compared with the pigment guinea pigs , the albino guinea pigs have obvious superiority because of easy establishment of hyperlipidemia model and are more sensitive to lipid -lowering drugs .

OBJECTIVETo study the metabolic changes of pancreatic extracts from insulin-resistant rats induced by fructose feeding using nuclear magnetic resonance ¹H spectroscopy (¹H NMR).

METHODSSixteen Wistar rats were divided equally into control group and model group and given water and 10% fructose water for 8 weeks, respectively. The pancreatic tissues were then obtained for H NMR spectra analysis and principal component analysis (PCA).

RESULTSCompared with the control rats, the rats in the model group showed significantly increased creatine, betaine/TMAO, taurine, glycine and myo-inositol and decreased levels of lipids, lactate, glutamate, choline and GPC/PC.

CONCLUSION¹H NMR and pattern recognition can define the metabolic characteristics of the pancreatic tissue extracts from insulin-resistant rats and provide reliable metabolic evidence for studying the mechanisms of insulin resistance at the molecular level.

Animals ; Fructose ; Insulin Resistance ; Metabolomics ; Pancreatic Extracts ; chemistry ; Principal Component Analysis ; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar