objective To investigate the protective effect and possible mechanisms of extract of Gingko biloba(EGB)on early diabetic nephropathy(DN).Methods Fifty-one patients with early DN were randomly divided into control group(n=25)treated by irbesartan alone and treated group(n=26)treated by EGB combined with irbesartan.Serum high sensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)were determined with ELISA before and after treatment,and urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER),fasting blood glucose (FBG),serum creatinine(SCr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN)and lipid profiles were examined as well.Results Compared with pretreatment,at the end of 6 months'treatment,the values of hs-CRP decreased from(194.37±34.02)and(191.51±27.15)mg/L to(164.13±32.86)and(134.65±20.47)mg/L in control group and treatment group,respectively.MCP-1 was downregulated from(304.23±38.56)and(299.66±44.07)ng/L to (235.43±28.66)and(165.53±21.96)ng/L in control group and treated group(all P＜0.05).After treatment,the decrement of hs-CRP and MCP-1 level in the treated group was more significant than that in control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion EGB could retard the development of early DN,through down-regulating the expresssion of seram MCP-1,decreasing serum hs-CRP concentration and inhibiting inflammatory reaction.

Osseointegration plays an important role in the functions and aesthetics of dental implant. This paper focus on the hormones closely related to the bone metabolism, including glucocorticoid, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, melatonin, and oestrogen, and reviews the influence of hormones on the osseointegration.