Objective To analyze the characteristics of benign and malignant breast tumors with 2D and color Doppler ultrasound, and to assess the value of color Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of breast cancer. Methods A total of 674 patients (327 malignant and 347 benign) of breast tumor underwent 2D and color Doppler ultrasonogarphy. Two-dimensional ultrasound was used to observe the size, form, margin and internal echo of the tumors;color Doppler was performed to observe the degree of blood flow signal in the tumor, and to measure peak systolic velocity (PSV) and resistance index (RI). Results Totally 671 patients were diagnosed with ultrasound. The size of the tumors were from 0.50 cm×0.41 cm to 5.42 cm×4.10 cm. The ratio of vertical and transverse diameter of 69.11% (226/327) of the malignant tumors ≥1.0. Most tumors (266/327, 81.35%) presented with irregular margin like incised or feet of crab;61.47% (201/327) had microcalcification. Color Doppler found that 92.97% (304/327) of the tumors had blood flow signal;PSV was 15.34-39.76 cm/s, RI was 0.65-0.98, and 91.61% (262/286)≥0.70. Significant differences of the ratio of vertical and transverse diameter, the margin of the tumor, microcalcification and blood flow signal, PSV and RI (P＜0.01) were found between benign and malignant breast tumors. Conclusion The diagnosis and differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast tumors can be significantly improved with comprehensive analysis of 2D ultrasound, blood flow signal, PSV and RI. Color Doppler ultrasound plays an important role in the diagnosis of breast cancer.

Objective To evaluate the value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the differential diagnosis of cystic pancreatic lesions.Methods Thirty-four cystic pancreatic lesions confirmed clinically or pathologically were collected,including 11 case of non-neoplastic pseudocyst,5 cases of simple cyst,6 cases of serous cystadenoma,10 cases of mucinous cystadenoma and 2 cases of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma.All the patients underwent routine serial MR and echo-planar DW imaging examination of the pancreas with b values of 0 and 600 s/mm2.The appearances of signal intensity of DWI with all cysts were recorded.ADC maps were reconstructed,and the ratio of the cysts and cyst-to-pancreas ADC (ADCR) were calculated.The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to evaluate the diagnostic value of ADC and ADCR.Results Among all the 16 non-neoplastic cysts,2 cysts were slightly hyperintense in DWI,and 14 cysts were isointense.Among all the 18 neoplastic cysts,17 cysts appeared slightly hyperintense or hyperintense in DWI,and 1 cyst was isointense.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.001).The ADC values of non-neoplastic and neoplastic cysts were (3.30 ± 0.30) × 10-3,(2.74 ± 0.34) × 10-3 mm2/s ; and the ADCR values of non-neoplastic and neoplastic cysts were 1.85 ± 0.20,1.31 ± 0.21,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.001).The areas under the ROC curves of ADC and ADCR diagnosing neoplastic cysts were 0.94 ± 0.04,0.98 ± 0.02,respectively.An ADC of 3.105 × 10-3 mm2/s showed 81.3％ sensitivity and 94.4％ specificity for predicting neoplastic cysts.An ADCR of 1.525 showed 100％ sensitivity and 88.9％ specificity for predicting neoplastic cysts.Conclusions Diffusion-weighted imaging is of importance in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pancreatic cysts,and can be applied as a complementary tool for routine MRI.

Objective To discuss the clinical characteristics,pathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment of preterm ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (POHS).Method The process of diagnosis and treatment of a test-tube female baby were summarized.She was deliveried at 32+2 weeks of gestation,diagnosed with POHS,and born in the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University(in 2015).Retrieval of related literature in PubMed database and Wanfang database was performed using the key words "ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome" and " preterm infants or newborns" from 1980 to 2015.Result The patient developed labial hyperemia and edema,ectropion of vaginal mucosa and plica,swelling of the hypogastrium and upper legs at 41 days (38+1 weeks post-conception).The child was continuously observed because diagnosis was not clear.The pelvic and abdominal ultrasonography examinations revealed a cyst in the right ovary and laboratory evaluation of the baby showed high concentrations of gonadotropin and estradiol at 49 days (39+2 weeks post-conception),and thus the baby was diagnosed with POHS.With no special intervention measures,the baby became normal at 169 days (4 months post-conception).Six papers from foreign literature were retrieved and none from Chinese literature,which reported 12 cases of POHS.They all characterized prematurity,ovarian cyst/cysts,labial hyperemia and edema,swelling of the hypogastrium and upper leg,high serum gonadotropin and estradiol levels at 35 to 39 weeks post-conception,including 3 cases with breast enlargement,1 case with vaginal bleeding and 1 case with ectropion of vaginal mucosa and plica.The treatments included in 1 case combined surgery with pharmacological intervention,in another case only pharmacological intervention,and in the others no interventional measures were taken but were only followed up.As for the results,the baby with the surgical treatment had recurrence,but the symptoms,ovarian cyst and hormone concentration of the other babies gradually became normal in 4-5 months.Conclusion POHS is a rare and self-limiting disease.The common clinical features of this disease are prematurity,ovarian cyst or cysts,labia hyperemia and edema,swelling in the hypogastrium and upper legs,high serum gonadotropin and estradiol levels at 35 to 39 weeks post-conception.It does not require treatment if there is no complication,but follow-up is necessary.