BACKGROUND:Many researches on the development of cochlea have been made, but mainly depend on the pathological conditions and developmental deformity, while the researches on the development process of normal embryonic cochlea and expression of related factors are rare.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the expression of transforming growth factorβ1 in rat embryonic cochlea.
METHODS:Fifty-six Sprague Dawley rats were selected and the rats were pregnancy, and the embryos were obtained from the rats, trimmed the inner ear specimens under the anatomical microscope, and then the specimens were treated with dehydration, decalcification, directly paraffin embedding and slicing processing. The morphology evolution of inner cochlea was observed under light microscope after hematoxylin-eosin staining. The expression of transforming growth factorβ1 in rat embryonic cochlea was observed by immunohistochemical streptavidin biotin-peroxidase complex method.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The development of rat inner ear began in ectoderm thickening area of E8 phase, otocyst and the emergency of the mesenchymal could be seen in E9 phase, otocyst and ossicular chain began to develop in E9.5 phase, formation of cochlear duct anlage could be seen in E12.5 phase, cochlea tube development was completed in E18.5 phase and Corti’s formation could be seen in E16 phase. The structure and function of the inner ear could be ful y developed after birth. The expression of transforming growth factorβ1 could be seen in E12.5-E19 phases, and the expression was changed from weak to strong and then weakened further, and strongest in E14.5 phase. This suggested that transforming growth factorβ1 may be involved during the development of rat cochlear epithelium.

Objective To observe the value of epiglottis and sternohyoid myofascial flap in laryngeal function reconstruction after partial laryngectomy.Methods Seven cases of subtotal laryngectomy were reviewed for analysis.The choice of surgical procedure was decided on pathologic conditions,the laryngeal function was reconstructed using epiglottis and sternohyoid myofascial flap.Results All patients rehabilitated deglutition in 10 to 12 days after surgery.None presented complication of aspiration.Conclusion The epiglottis and sternohyoid myofascial flaps are appropriate for reconstruction of surgical defect in laryngeal carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE To explore and evaluate the efficacy of preventing the central venous catheter-related infection using catheter-sealing separately with gentamicin and heparin.METHODS One hundred and thirty six hemodialysis patients with temporary indwelling central venous catheters were enrolled in this study,and randomly assigned into 3 groups: Group A(catheter-sealing separately with gentamicin and heparin,n=46),Group B(catheter-sealing with gentamicin mixted heparin,n=45) and Group C(catheter-sealing with heparin,n=45).Complications such as infection were monitored.RESULTS Rate of catheter-related infection and intravenous catheter infection were without significant difference between Groups A and B,but were obviously lower than that in Group C(6.5% and 4.4% vs 22.2%,P

Objective To compare different susceptibility testing methods of tigecycline against Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae.Methods Fifty carbapenem-resietant A.baumannii (CRAB) strains and 49 K.pneumoniae strains were collected from Tianjin Medical University General Hospital during January and March 2012.Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and inhibitory zone diameters for tigecycline were determined by broth microdilution,Vitek-2,MTS and disk diffusion methods.The results of Vitek-2,MTS and disk diffusion methods were compared with those of broth microdilution method.Results According to FDA standards,the susceptibilities of CRAB and K.pneumoniae to tigecycline determined by broth microdilution,Vitek-2 and MTS were 94.0％/91.8％,68.0％/91.8％ and 90.0％/91.8％,respectively.For CRAB isolates,the essential agreement (EA) and categorical agreement (CA) produced by Vitek-2 and MTS were 94.0％/72.0％ and 92.0％/90.0％.MICs determined by Vitek-2 were 1-2 dilutions higher than the reference method in 33 (66.0％) strains,and those determined by MTS were higher in 16 (32.0％) strains and lower in 11 (22.0％) strains.For K.pneumoniae isolates,the EA/CA produced by Vitek-2 and MTS were 95.9％/98.0％ and 83.7％/91.8％,respectively.MICs determined by Vitek-2 were 1-3 dilutions lower than the reference method in 17 (34.7％) strains,and those determined by MTS were 1-3 dilutions lower than the reference method in 39 (79.6％) strains.None of thetwo methods produced very major error (VME) and major error (ME) against two kinds of isolates.The results were determined by disk diffusion method using different breakpoints according different isolates.For CRAB,using ≥14 mm/≤ 10 mm as breakpoint,CA was 94.0％,which was higher than the breakpoint recommended by Jones et al (≥16 mm/≤12 mm,CA was 82.0％) ; and for K.pneumoniae,using the ≥ 14 mm/≤ 10 mm as breakpoint,CA was 93.9％,higher than the FDA Enterobacteriaceae breakpoint (≥ 19 mm/≤ 14 mm,CA was 67.3％).Conclusion For CRAB strains,MTS produces better consistence with broth microdilution,with several higher or lower MIC results.For K.pneumoniae strains,Vitek-2 has better correlation with reference method,with several lower MIC results.The consistence between disk diffusion method and broth microdilution is comparatively lower,and the breakpoint should be adjusted according to different bacteria.

Objective To study the changes and significance of the hyaluronic acid (HA) and collagen in the larynx of old guinea pig.Methods Six young guinea pigs (4 months old) and 6 old guinea pigs (2 years old) were selected as control group and aged group for this study (n=6 for each)The expressions of HA and collagen in the larynx of guinea pigs were detected using Alcian blue and Masson trichrome methods,respectively.The images were managed using Image-Pro Plus 6.0 For Window.Results The optical density (expression level) of HA in the larynx was lower in aged group than in control group (0.69 vs.0.80,F=13.45,P＜0.05).The optical density(expression level) of collagen in the larynx was higher in aged group than in control group (0.71 vs.0.63,F=9.56,P＜0.05).Conclusions The content of HA in larynx is decreased and collagen in larynx is increased in old guinea pig which may result in presbyphonia change through higher viscoelastic properties of vocal cords.

Objective To study the voice rest treatment after laryngomicrosurgery in patients with vocal fold polyps .Methods Eighty -five patients with vocal fold polyps were divided into two groups randomly :Group A (48 cases) and Group B ( 37 cases) ,receiving 1 or 2 weeks voice rest postoperation ,respectively .Vocal acoustic analy-sis and fiberlaryngoscopy were performed in all patients before the surgery and 1 ,2 ,3 and 4 weeks after surgery . Results When compared with the preoperative data ,there were no significant differences in jitter ,shimmer and NHR 1 week after surgery in patients of two groups (P>0 .05) .Two weeks after surgery ,all the parameters im-proved significantly in Group B(P<0 .05) ,but only jitter improved in Group A (P<0 .05) .All the data in two groups returned to normal 4 weeks after surgery .Laryngoscopic examination showed varying degrees of vocal fold hyperemia and edema one week after surgery ,which then gradually subsided and gone .At 4 weeks after surgery , the appearance of the operative vocal fold completely returned to normal .Conclusion Patients with vocal fold polyps should be treated with complete voice rest for 2 weeks after surgery ,followed by 2 weeks of relative voice rest .This is beneficial to the voice recovering and the wound healing .

Objective To investigate alterations in epigenetic regulation in B cells in subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE).Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from the peripheral venous blood of SCLE patients and healthy donors with density gradient centrifugation.B cells were isolated with CD19 micro beads and protocols provided by the manufacturer.Total RNAs were isolated with RNA kits.The expressions of silence information regulator 1 (Sirt1) mRNA were investigated with quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results The levels of Sirt1 mRNA were significantly increased in SCLE B cells relative to healthy controls (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Histone modifications appear abnormal in B cells in SCLE.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the characteristics and regular pattern of the adverse drug reactions(ADR) in our hospital.METHODS: A total of 314 ADR case reports collected by ADR monitoring center in our hospital during 2007 were analyzed statistically.RESULTS: 13 categories(178 kinds) of drugs and 338 cases were involved in the total 314 ADR case reports,mainly anti-infective agents(128 cases,38 kinds) and Chinese drugs preparation(51 cases,20 kinds).The ADR were manifested chiefly as lesions of skin and its appendants(134 cases) followed by gastro-intestinal lesion(56 cases).The patients showed a favorable turn and the death occurred in only 1 case.CONCLUSION: More attention should be paid to the monitoring of rational drug use to avoid or reduce the incidence of ADR.

Objective To summarize the mammary gland granulosa cell tumor 1 case of elderly patients with diabetes perioperative nursing methods chest wall reconstruction. Methods For this disease characteristics, and the patient′s individual situation to develop nursing measures, including giving surgery patients perioperative care, diabetes care, skin flap of the observation and nursing care, chest wall defect reconstruction, through intraoperative nursing with 3 d technology, psychological nursing, function exercise, active intervention. Results Through nursing, this example patient recovery smoothly, fine discharged from hospital. Conclusions In view of the patient's condition and an individual case, to develop nursing measures, improve the preoperative postoperative nursing is the key to the successful operation and patient recovery.

Objective To investigate the effects of minimally invasive intracranial hematoma clearance on the perihematomal glutamate(Glu) level,permeability of blood-brain barrier(BBB) and brain edema.Methods Thirty rabbits with body weight of 2.80-3.40 kg were used to established the model of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH) and randomly divided into the minimally invasive group(MI) and control group(MC) after the model was prepared successfully.The MI group underwent minimally invasive procedures for removing intracranial hematoma by stereotactic instrument within 6 h after establishing the ICH model.The brain tissue was extracted on postoperative 1,3,7 d,and the perihematomal brain tissues were taken to detect the Glu level,BBB permeability and water content of brain tissue,which were compared with those in the control group.Results The Glu level,BBB permeability and brain water content on 1,3,7 d in the MI group were lower than those in the MC group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The minimally invasive surgery for removing intracranial hematoma is helpful to reduce perihematoma Glu level,BBB permeability and brain water content.