The contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) been equipped in most commercial ultrasound system, is a newer technology which could evaluate the blood flow of soft tissue. It could not only make qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis, but also the quantitative analysis could be acquired. At present, it has been applied on cardiovascular imaging and tumor perfusion assessment in clinical. The clinical usage of CEUS in rheumatoid arthritis(RA) was summarized in the paper which included its common clinical type, dose of ultrasound contrast agent and various method of usage described. Besides, the paper not only introduced the evaluation of the synovitis in RA with the parameters resulted from CEUS, but also illuminated the progress of the researches. Through compared these parameters, indexes and methods, this summary revealed the limitation and application value of CEUS to RA, and more exploration need be done in future.

Objective To discuss the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound and color Doppler in diagnosing esoph-ageal varices( EV) among patients suffering from portal hypertension. Methods The control group consisted of twenty nine patients without EV. Sixty patients with EV diagnosed by endoscopy were divided into two groups equal in number according to grade of EV. One being mild,the other was moderate to severe. All patients underwent color Doppler flow imaging and contrast-enhanced ultrasound, and the dynamic angiography data were collected. Time-in-tensity curves were drawn by software. The quantitative parameters including arrival time of hepatic artery ( HAAT) ,hepatic vein ( HVAT) and portal vein ( PVAT) ,damping index ( DI) of hepatic vein and portal vein ve-locity( PVV) were compared. Results The difference of PV-HV, PV-HA, PVV, DI showed statistically signifi-cant among the three groups(F=72.63,14.97,6.71,13.74,P<0.01). A comparison of the control and moderate to severe group among the above four parameters was statistically significant (P<0.01). PV-HV, PV-HA, DI in moderate to severe group showed statistically significant compared with mild group (P<0.01),however there exis-ted no significant difference grouping PVV between the two groups. Mild group contrasted to the control group,the differences of PV-HA were statistically significant (P<0.01), whereas PV-HV, DI, PVV displayed no significant difference. Conclusion Contrast-enhanced ultrasound and color Doppler are helpful in diagnosing EV,which is ex-pected to become a new noninvasive method.

Objective:To explore the language deficits in a single case of posterior aphasic to test the dual-system model of language processing and provide neurolinguistic basis for clinical language therapy.Method:A circumscribed posterior aphasic was selected,whose language data were collected through spontaneous talk,WAB test,and other language production tasks including picture-naming and sentence repetition.The language data were analyzed with the emphasis on syntax-lexicon dissociation and noun-verb dissociation.Result:For the posterior aphasic,lexicon was severely impaired while syntax was preserved relatively well;in comparison to lexical production,lexical comprehension was preserved better;noun-verb dissociation,especially NSD,was discovered.Conclusion:The syntax-lexicon dissociation and the relevant noun-verb dissociation can serve as powerful evidence for the dual-system model of language processing,and throw light on language therapy for posterior aphasics.

Objective To explore the effects of obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) on the cognitive function of pilots. Methods The cognitive function of 13 pilots diagnosed as severe OSAHS and 10 healthy pilots as control was evaluated using Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Flicker Fusion Frequency Indicator, Many Reaction Time Tester, Space Place Memory Span Tester, Attention Instrument and Guard Tester. The correlation analyses were also performed between the ESS, AHI, MinSaO2% with the results of each cognitive test in the OSAHS group. Results Compared with the healthy control subjects, the scores of ESS in OSAHS group were significantly higher (P

ObjectiveTo observe the protective effects of Chinese medicine Naoshuning on neurological deficits following traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats.MethodsCerebral contusion was produced by dropping weight,the beam-walking task was employed to observe neurological functional changes,water content in the brain tissue and neuropathological changes were also evaluated.ResultsWithin one week the ability to process in beam-walking task was significantly lessened,the outcome of beam-walking task of Naoshuning group was significantly better than that of the model group.Water content in the brain tissue and neuropathological changes were also alleviated in Naoshuning group compared with that in model group.ConclusionEarly alleviating brain edema,protecting brain tissue may be one of the mechanism of Chinese medicine to ameliorate the behavior deficits following TBI in rats.

ObjectiveTo investigate the dynamic change of cerebral aquaporin 4 (AQP4) expression level during traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats and the relationship between AQP4 expression and traumatic brain injury and edema. MethodsThe experimental TBI model was established by bumpiness of free falling body according to Feeney's. The changes of brain water content (BWC) and permeability of blood-brain barrier (BBB) were measured by the methods of wet and dry weight and Evans blue fluorometry. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the change of expression of AQP4 during different periods after TBI. Results6 h after TBI, water content of brain tissue and EB content in the contusion side significantly increased, and the protein expression of AQP4 in contusion marginal region began to increase. They reached summit 24 h after operation and did not come back normal level 5 d after operation. There was significantly positive correlation between protein expression of AQP4 and change of EB content (r=0.957486,P<0.05). ConclusionThe dynamic change of cerebral AQP4 expression level closely related to the destruction of BBB and the formation of cerebral edema during traumatic brain injury.

Objective To analyze the significance of global end-diastolic volume index (GEDVI) in acute kidney injury (AKI) after septic shock.Methods A retrospective analysis of 61 patients was performed.The patients were diagnosed of septic shock in emergency ward of Shenyang Military Hospital from 2012 March to 2013 May and were monitored by pulse indicator continuous cardiac output (PiCCO).The patients were divided into two groups:low GEDVI group (GEDVI ＜ 700 ml/m2,29 cases) and high GEDVI group (GEDVI≥700 ml/m2,32 cases) by evaluating GEDVI of 24 hour after PiCCO.Several physiologic and biochemical indexes were recorded,including the hemodynamic parameters at the beginning and the 24 h of PiCCO monitoring,Scr,BUN,lactic acid,incidence and mortality of AKI,baseline glomerular filtration rate,baseline Scr,APACHE Ⅱ scores,mortality during the period of emergency ward or within 28 d after the diagnosis.Results A total of 26 cases in high GEDVI group (81.3％) were attacked with AKI,while 16 cases in low GEDVI group (55.2％) were attacked with AKI,the incidence of AKI in high GEDVI group was significantly higher than that in the low GEDVI group.A COX regression analysis of mortality was performed between the patients staying at emergency ward and during 28 d after diagnosis.The results indicated that AKI and GEDVI had no relation with patients' death.Therefore,AKI and GEDVI could not be considered as the risk factors for the prognosis.Conclusions High GEDVI can significantly increase the incidence of AKI after septic shock,therefore high GEDVI should be avoided as much as possible in the course of clinical treatment.

Objective To explore the spatial distribution and spatial clustering of brucellosis in Zibo,2013-2015.Methods Spatial autocorrelation analysis was used to analyze the surveillance data of brucellosis at town level.Township as a spatial analysis unit,spatial distribution of brucellosis in small scale in Zibo City was analyzed.Results The global Moran's I indexes of brucellosis were not significantly different in 2013-2015.According to local Moran's Ⅰ statistic,the high-high regions were Xindian Street and Jiangjunlu Street in 2013.The high-high regions were Tangfang Town,Jinshan Town,Luocun Town,Zhaili Town,Xihe Town and Longquan Town in 2014.The high-high region was Wangcun Town in 2015.Condusions Our study has showed that the spatial distribution of brucellosis is local clustered in Zibo.The detection of hotspots could provide guidance for formulating regional prevention and control strategies.

Objective To construct the assessment index system for general nursing goals management based on the performance structure theory. Methods Expert interviews and Delphi expert enquiry were used to complete the construction of index system, and SPSS17.0 was used to do data statistics and reliability analysis. Results The assessment index system for general nursing goals management was constructed which contained 6 level-Ⅰindicators such as nursing quality, nursing safety, nursing service, teaching and training, the contribution of department and the communication skills and 22 level- Ⅱ indicators. The department monthly examination scores calculation method and feedback mechanism were also established. The expert positive coefficients were 97.6%and 98.8%respectively, the authority coefficients were 0.85 and 0.86, the importance and feasibility mean scores of every index were 3.86-4.98 and 3.98-4.88, and coefficients of variation were 0.03-0.27 and 0.05-0.25 in 2 rounds of enquiry. The importance of level-Ⅰor level-Ⅱ indicators and operability coordination coefficients were 0.10-0.36, the significance test showed P<0.05. Conclusions The design of each dimension of the index system gives full consideration to 3 dimensions of performance: task-adaptive-relationship. Representative of key indicators is strong. The Delphi method used in building is scientific and the results are reliable. The maneuverability of calculate Method is strong, easy to quantify. The feedback mechanism has a strong incentive by combining the assessment results closely with the individual interests. The establishment of the index system can provide scientific and objective basis for the full implementation of the general nursing goals management.

Objective To evaluate the raliability and validity of walking impairment questionnaire applied to assess the walking ability of patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods One hundred and twenty-six patients with type 2 diabetes were selected. WIQ, SF-36 and 6-minute walk test were used to collect da-ta that was conducted for reliability analysis, correlation analysis and independent-samples t test to evaluate the reliability and validity. Results The internal consistency determined by Cronhach's α was 0.867 for the total WIQ score. Significnat correlations were found between WIQ and 6MWD, also between WIQ and physical domains of SF-36. compared with patients over seventy-one years old, the score of WIQ including the distance, speed, stair climbing and total score is significantly higher than that in patients aged seventy-one or less than seventy-one years old. Conclusions The Chinese version of WIQ is a simple, valid and reliable, clinically relevant tool to assess the walking ability of patients with type 2 diabetes.