Objective:Chinese Herbal Compound I were determined by screening of Radix Scutellariae,Cortex Fraxini,Radix Pulsatillae and Radix Sophorae Flavescentis.The optimal dose of Trimethoprim which combined with it against bacteria in vitro were determined.Method:The composing prescriptions were designed by L9(34) orthogonal test.The antibacterial effect of Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia Coli and Salmonella in vitro were evaluated by double dilution method.The number of Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia Coli and Salmonella which had been inhabited by Chinese Herbal Compound I combined with Trimethoprim for 1,2,4h and 8h,were enumerated by Plate Counts Methods.Then the killing rate of Chinese Herbal Compound I combined with Trimethoprim were calculated.The experimental data were fitted by least squares method and the optimal dose of Trimethoprim were determined.Result:The Composition of Chinese Herbal Compound I were mixed in the proportion of 1 to 4 to 1 to 2 with Radix Scutellariae,Cortex Fraxini,Radix Pulsatillae and Radix Sophorae Flavescentis.The optimal dose of Trimethoprim was 2mg/g.Conclusion:Antibacterial action and synergistic action of Chinese Herbal Compound I were significant.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy of lumbar posterolateral fusion versus circumferential fusion in the treatment of the lumbar disease.

METHODSSearched MEDLINE (January, 1966 to December, 2007), EMBASE (January, 1984 to December, 2007), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial (4th Quarter 2007), The China Biological Medicine Database (1984 to December, 2007), and hand searched several related journals, such as Spine, European Spine Journal, The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Chinese Journal of Surgery, Chinese Journal of Orthopaedics, Chinese Journal of Spine and Spinal Cord, and so on. Searched the reviews, the clinical results and some other related studies on the two fusion techniques, and the quality of included trials was evaluated. Data were extracted by two reviewers independently with a designed extraction form. RevMan 5.0.5.0 software was used for data analysis of the fusion rate, the complication rate, the re-operation rate, the operative blood loss, the clinical outcome, and the operation time.

RESULTSFour randomized clinical trials (RCTs) involving 437 patients were included. The results of Meta-analysis indicated that in the fusion rate [OR 0.47, 95%CI (0.24, 0.94), P = 0.030], the complication rate [OR 0.53, 95%CI (0.32, 0.87), P = 0.010], and the operative blood loss [weighted mean difference (WMD) = -349.95, 95%CI (-561.64, -138.26), P = 0.001], the circumferential fusion group was significantly higher than the posterolateral fusion group. And in the re-operation rate [OR 2.28, 95%CI (1.30, 3.98), P = 0.004] the posterolateral fusion group was significantly higher than the circumferential fusion group. There were no statistically significant differences in the clinical outcome [OR 1.04, 95%CI (0.64, 1.68), P = 0.870] and the operation time [WMD = -90.24, 95%CI (-190.20, 9.71), P = 0.080].

CONCLUSIONSTo compare with the posterolateral fusion, the circumferential fusion can increase the fusion rate and reduce the re-operation rate, but it can also increase the complication rate and the blood loss. More high quality large-scale randomized controlled trials are required.

Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Spinal Fusion ; methods ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the effect of moderate pain on attentional bias towards emotional pictures among healthy subjects.Methods Thirty-two healthy college students aged from 17 to 26 (21.8±2.2;16 males and 16 females) participated in this study.A tourniquet was tied to each subject's left upper arm 1 to 2cm above the cubits horizontal grain.Pain was inflicted by inflating the tourniquet,and the pressure was maintained at 26.66kPa.While tourniquet was inflated (with pain) or not (no pain),each subject was asked to finish a pictorial dot-probe task with three kinds of pictures-emotionally positive,negative and neutral.In experiment 1,subjects performed the dot-probe tasks with the contralateral hand while the tourniquet was tied on the left upper arm without inflation.In experiment 2 the tourniquet was inflated until the subject completed the dot-probe task (for about 10min).The reaction times (RTs) and the error rates (Ers) in the recognition task were recorded,and the intensity of the subject's pain and discomfort were measured using a verbal rating scale.Results The subjects reported moderate to severe pain with the tourniquet inflated.The RT and ER data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) which showed a significant difference between the average RTs of the males (482±73ms without pain and 466±82ms with pain) and those of the females (536±90ms without pain and 519±100 ms with pain).The average ER was significantly different between the pain (2.38±1.49)％ and no pain (1.09±0.82)％ conditions in both groups.Holn-Sidak multiple comparison testing showed significant differences in both groups' average ER between the negative picture (3.81±1.73)％ and the positive picture (1.66±0.97)％,and between the negative and neutral pictures (1.68±0.8) ％ in the pain condition.Mild attentional avoidance was observed with the positive [pain condition (-5.1±4.8) ms and no pain (-4.6±4)ms] and negative pictures [pain condition (-3.43±6) ms and no pain (-0.79±4.1)ms],but no significant difference was found between the pain and no pain conditions.Conclusion The error rate in a pictorial dot-probe task is influenced by pain,especially with negative pictures.

Objective To determine the length of warm ischemic (WI) tolerance in bronchial graft from non-heart-beating donors. Methods Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (each group having 12 rats) according to different WI durations including WI-0 min (group A), WI-30 min (group B), WI-45 min (group C) and WI-60 min (group D). In each group, the tracheae from 6 rats were respectively imbedded in greater omentum of other 6 rats, and 14 days later, the transplanted tracheae were taken from recipients to evaluate epithelial thickness and regeneration. Results Epithelial thickness and the degree of epithelial regeneration had no significant difference (P >0. 05) between the syngeneic control group and the WI-30 minutes group. All of the grafts with WI duration of 45 min were viable, but the epithelium was significantly thinner than that in the syngeneic control group (P<0. 05). However all of the grafts with WI duration of 60 min showed lower viability rate. Conclusion The time limits of tolerance to WI of tracheal grafts from NHBDs may be 45 min.

Objective To investigate the thermal effects on tissue structures during microwave endometrial ablation(MEA)and seek a feasible method of endometrial thinning and a fitting mode of applicator radiating microwaves.Methods Operations were performed between the group of thorough uterine curettage and the group of early follicular phase in in vitro or in vivo uterus.The former was treated with MEA after thorough uterine curettage;while the latter was treated with MEA in the early follicular phase directly.The applicator radiating microwaves were moved in "Z" or "Z+W" shape inside uterine cavity.At the same time the serosal temperature was measured in the uterine fundus,tael cornua uteri,the posterior wall and the lower part of anterior wall.After operations the uterine specimens were stained by hematoxylin- eosin,and respiratory enzyme dehydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase(NADH-d) methods.The morphologic changes and the depth of tissue thermal damage were evaluated using an optical microscope and electron microscope.Results(1)Under the optical microscope the endometrial glands became distorted,the cell boundaries disappeared,the nucleoli turned condensed and were stained darker. A large number of acute inflammatory cells appeared in fibrous tissue.In the shallow muscle layer cells were arrayed thickly,nucleoli were solidified and condensed,and cellular plasm were concentrated.The endometrial and the superficial muscle layers were damaged and colorless with NADH-d staining.The scope of the tissue thermal damage was clearly seen.Under an electron microscope,some smooth muscle ceils, chromatin,karyotheca and cellular membranes were destroyed.The mitochondria were swollen,membranes were ruptured,and the crista disappeared.Many organelles were destroyed.The chromatin was lightly wrecked in the transitional area between putrescence and the normal smooth muscle tissue.Karyotheca and cellular plasm still existed,the mitochondria were highly edematous and the crista were disappeared,and the granular endoplasmic reticula were slightly expanded and degranulated.(2)The serosal temperature in in vitro uterus was significantly higher than that in in vivo uterus(P0.05).The injury depth of the "Z+ W" radiation group increased significantly than that of the " Z" radiation group(P

Congresses as Topic ; Humans ; Rhinitis ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial

OBJECTIVETo investigate the geographical characteristics of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of candidate genes associated with coronary artery disease in Chinese Han population.

METHODSStudy population were Chinese Han nationality recruited from Xi'an, Shiyan and Ningbo districts. Patients with coronary artery disease were defined by coronary angiography with stenosis >or= 50% and control subjects with stenosis < 10%, respectively. The DNA was extracted from peripheral white blood cell by approach comprised proteinase K digestion, phenol and chloroform extraction as well as isopropanol precipitation. The SNP of ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABCA1)-G596A, cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP)-Taq1B, Lipoprotein lipase (LPL)-Hind III and LPL-Pvu II were genotyped by PCR-RFLPs, and verified by gene sequencing.

RESULTSA Total of 615 patients undertaken coronary angiography were recruited from cardiac center in Xi'an (220), Ningbo (209) and Shiyan district (186), China (mean age 60 +/- 10 years, 75.9% males). Diabetes mellitus was more prevalent in Xi'an Cohort population than Shiyan and Ningbo cohort (P < 0.01). Plasma total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels in Xi'an Cohort population were significantly higher, and HDL-C siginificantly lower than in Shiyan and Ningbo cohort population [HDL-C: (1.17 +/- 0.48) mmol/L vs. (1.25 +/- 0.33) mmol/L and (1.29 +/- 0.44) mmol/L, P < 0.05]. Distribution differences for ABCA1-G596A and CETP-Taq1B genotypes were found in Xi'an Cohort population compared to Ningbo and Shiyan cohorts (for ABCA1, Xi'an: 0.24, 0.53, 0.23 and Shiyan: 0.17, 0.62, 0.21 and Ningbo: 0.34, 0.37, 0.29, for GG, AG, AA, respectively, P < 0.01; and for CETP, Xi'an: 0.29, 0.54, 0.17 and Shiyan: 0.38, 0.40, 0.22 and Ningbo: 0.39, 0.49, 0.12 for B1B1, B1B2, B2B2, respectively, P < 0.01), but not for LPL variants. ABCA1-G596A variant predicted HDL-C [Xi'an: (1.2 +/- 0.3) mmol/L, (1.3 +/- 0.2) mmol/L and (1.4 +/- 0.4) mmol/L, P = 0.01; Shiyan: (1.1 +/- 0.4) mmol/L: (1.2 +/- 0.3) mmol/L and (1.3 +/- 0.4) mmol/L, P = 0.03; Ningbo, (1.2 +/- 0.3) mmol/L, (1.3 +/- 0.4) mmol/L and (1.4 +/- 0.3) mmol/L, across GG, GA to AA genotype, respectively, P = 0.01] and TG levels [Xi'an: (2.4 +/- 1.3) mmol/L, (1.9 +/- 0.9) mmol/L and (1.6 +/- 0.8) mmol/L, P < 0.01; Shiyan: (2.1 +/- 1.0) mmol/L, (1.9 +/- 0.8) mmol/L and (1.8 +/- 0.7) mmol/L, P = 0.03; Ningbo: (1.9 +/- 1.1) mmol/L, (1.8 +/- 0.9) mmol/L and (1.6 +/- 0.7) mmol/L, across GG, GA to AA genotype, P = 0.05] with dose-dependent relationship. LPL-Hind III (+) carriers had higher triglycerides in three cohort population [Xi'an: (2.2 +/- 1.0) mmol/L, (1.8 +/- 0.9) mmol/L, (1.6 +/- 0.7) mmol/L, P = 0.01; Shiyan: (2.1 +/- 0.7) mmol/L, (1.9 +/- 1.0) mmol/L, (1.7 +/- 0.6) mmol/L, P = 0.01; Ningbo: (1.8 +/- 1.0) mmol/L, (1.6 +/- 0.6) mmol/L and (1.4 +/- 0.5) mmol/L, for +/+, +/- and -/- genotypes, respectively, P = 0.001]. SNP of CETP-Taq1B, LPL-Hind III and LPL-Pvu II predicted HDL-C and/or TG levels in different cohort population with different manners. All these SNP were not significantly associated with the development of coronary artery disease (all P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONA geographical heterogeneity of environmental and genetic risk factors related to the development of coronary artery disease exists in Chinese Han population. Irrespective of the different geographical cohort of Chinese Han population, the SNP of candidate genes can partly predict the differences in risk-related plasma HDL-C and/or TG levels rather than angiographic coronary artery disease.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1 ; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ; genetics ; Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; ethnology ; genetics ; Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins ; genetics ; Coronary Artery Disease ; ethnology ; genetics ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Genotype ; Geography ; Humans ; Lipoprotein Lipase ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether intrapericardial urokinase irrigation along with pericardiocentesis could prevent pericardial constriction in patients with infectious exudative pericarditis.

METHODSA total of 94 patients diagnosed as infectious exudative pericarditis (34 patients with purulent pericarditis and 60 with tuberculous pericarditis, the disease courses of all patients were less than 1 month), 44 males and 50 females, aged from 9 to 66 years (mean 45.4 +/- 14.7 years), were consecutively recruited from 1993 to 2002. All individuals were randomly given either intrapericardial urokinase along with conventional treatment in study group, or conventional treatment alone (including pericardiocentesis and drainage) in control group. The dosage of urokinase ranged from 200000 to 600000 U (mean 320000 +/- 70000 U). The immediate effects were detected by pericardiography with sterilized air and diatrizoate meglumine as contrast media. The long-term investigation depended on the telephonic survey and echocardiographic examination. The duration of following-up ranged from 8 to 120 months (mean 56.8 +/- 29.0 months).

RESULTSPercutaneous intrapericardial urokinase irrigation promoted complete drainage of pericardial effusion, significantly reduced the thickness of pericardium (from 3.1 +/- 1.6 mm to 1.6 +/- 1.0 mm in study group, P < 0.001; from 3.4 +/- 1.6 mm to 3.2 +/- 1.8 mm in control group, P > 0.05, respectively), and alleviated the adhesion. Intrapericardial bleeding related to fibrinolysis was found in 6 of 47 patients with non-blood pericardial effusion and no systemic bleeding and severe puncture-related complication was observed. In follow-up, there was no cardiac death, and pericardial constriction events were observed in 9 (19.1%) of study group and 27 (57.4%) of control group. Cox analysis illustrated that urokinase could significantly reduce the occurrence of pericardial constriction (relative hazard coefficient = 0.185, P < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONThe early employment of intrapericardial fibrinolysis with urokinase and pericardiocentesis appears to be safe and effective in preventing the development of pericardial constriction in patients with infectious exudative pericarditis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Female ; Fibrinolytic Agents ; administration & dosage ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pericardiocentesis ; Pericarditis ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Pericarditis, Constrictive ; prevention & control ; Thrombolytic Therapy ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator ; administration & dosage

OBJECTIVETo understand the influence of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism and beta3-adrenergic receptor (beta3-AR) gene Trp64Arg polymorphism on fetal growth and neonatal insulin sensitivity.

METHODSTotally 296 newborn infants were selected into our study and divided into 2 groups according to gestational age and birth weight: adequate-for-gestational-age (AGA) group (222 cases) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) group (74 case). Serum glucose and insulin were examined in the morning of the 3rd day before milk. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) equation. beta3-AR gene Trp64Arg polymorphism and ACE gene I/D polymorphism (202 cases) were analysed using polymerase chain reaction-restricted fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. Gestational age, birth weight, birth weight percentage, serum glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR were compared among different genotype groups. Statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS 10.0 software.

RESULTSNo significant difference was found between the serum glucose level of SGA group (4.03 +/- 1.05 mmol/L) and AGA group (4.05 +/- 1.14 mmol/L), P = 0.008. The serum insulin level (converted into Ln) of SGA group (2.262 +/- 0.746) was significantly higher than that of AGA group (1.757 +/- 0.805), P < 0.001. The HOMA-IR (also converted into Ln) level of SGA group (0.217 +/- 0.367) was also significantly higher than that of AGA group (0.001 +/- 0.378), P < 0.001. In the SGA group beta3-AR gene Arg64 allele carriers had higher serum insulin and HOMA-IR level (both changed to Ln, 2.654 +/- 0.701, 0.371 +/- 0.338) compared with noncarriers (2.074 +/- 0.698, 0.143 +/- 0.360), P < 0.05. The ACE gene DD genotype carriers had higher serum insulin and HOMA-IR level (both were converted into Ln, 2.19 +/- 0.91, 0.51 +/- 1.01) compared with II (1.77 +/- 0.85, 0.02 +/- 0.93) and ID genotype group (1.77 +/- 0.83, 0.05 +/- 0.91), P < 0.05. The ACE gene DD carriers had lower birth weight percentage compared with II and ID genotype group, P < 0.05. When both genes' polymorphisms were taken into account, the newborns who had both DD genotype and Arg64 allele had obviously higher serum insulin level (Ln, 2.560 +/- 1.160) than the neonates who had only one of the polymorphisms mentioned above (1.970 +/- 0.821, 1.992 +/- 0.706) and the neonates who had neither of the two polymorphisms (1.683 +/- 0.832), P < 0.05. The newborns who had both DD genotype and Arg64 allele also had significantly higher HOMA-IR level (Ln, 1.042 +/- 1.315) than the neonates who had only one of the polymorphisms mentioned above (0.247 +/- 0.710, 0.230 +/- 0.890) and the neonates who had neither of the two polymorphisms (-0.053 +/- 0.924), P < 0.05.

CONCLUSIONNewborns SGA had impaired insulin sensitivity. beta3-AR gene Trp64Arg polymorphism and ACE gene I/D polymorphism are important factors that may connect IUGR with insulin resistance syndrome in adulthood.

Female ; Fetal Development ; genetics ; Humans ; INDEL Mutation ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Small for Gestational Age ; Insulin Resistance ; Male ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3 ; genetics

OBJECTIVESTo investigate the therapeutic effect of rehabilitation, arthroscopy and "hybrid technique" for posttraumatic knee stiffness (PTKS), and to make the best choice for the treatment.

METHODSFrom February 2004 to November 2009, 66 patients suffered from PTKS were treated, and the clinical data were studied retrospectively, 36 male and 30 female patients with an average age of 41 years were analyzed, knee stiffness time averaged 15 months (0.5 - 108.0 months), 21 cases of patients were treated with rehabilitation (rehabilitation group), 22 cases of patients with arthroscopy + rehabilitation (arthroscopy group) and 23 cases of patients with mini-invasive "hybrid technique" + rehabilitation (hybrid technique group). For each case, the difference of range of motion (ROM) and hospital for special surgery (HSS) score of the knee before and after the treatment were analyzed statistically. The characters of PTKS including the course of the disease, the degree of extensor mechanism involving, physical examination and other ancillary data were also analyzed. The management methods for PTKS were summarized.

RESULTSTotal 66 cases were followed up ranging from 24.0-72.5 months and the mean time was 34.2 months. The average ROM was improved obviously: rehabilitation group increased from 45° ± 22° to 95° ± 24° (t = -11.2, P < 0.05), arthroscopy group from 47° ± 26° to 118° ± 11° (t = -11.0, P < 0.05) and hybrid technique group from 36° ± 22° to 110° ± 14° (t = -13.4, P < 0.05). Both ROM and HSS score of the knee before and after the treatment for each group showed significant difference statistically (t = -9.1, -6.0, -5.2, P < 0.05). Wound necrosis, tearing, re-fracture and extension lag were not found. According to Judet standard at final follow-up, 15 cases were excellent, 3 cases good and 3 cases normal in rehabilitation group; 15 cases were excellent, 5 cases good and 2 cases normal in arthroscopy group; 14 cases were excellent, 8 cases good and 1 case bad.

CONCLUSIONSPathology of PTKS is complex, satisfactory result could be obtained through individualized treatment program, which were established depend on the course of the disease, the degree of extensor mechanism involving, physical examination and ancillary data. The timely and effective surgical interference followed by a comprehensive rehabilitation program is the key point for satisfied outcome.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Ankylosis ; etiology ; surgery ; Arthroscopy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee Injuries ; complications ; Knee Joint ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult