Cough is a common respiratory symptom in children.To evaluate severity of cough and the quality-of-life in children with chronic cough,cough scores,generic questionnaires and cough-specific health-related quality of life questionnaires have been developed.Different questionnaires have their own particular features,recently the validity and reliability of the cough-specific health-related quality of life questionnaires are supposed to be high in assessing quality of life,and have been proved to be quite valid and reliable tools.Studies have shown that chronic cough not only affects physical status in children,but also seriously affects their psychological health,social activities and family life negatively.Therefore,evaluating severity of cough and impacting on quality of life contributes to the clinical development of appropriate interventions.

Pediatric acute liver failure has a high mortality.Liver transplantation is the only definite treatment.Extracorporeal liver support can be employed as a strategy for bridging to transplantation or recovery.There are three types of device for temporary support:biological,non-biological (also called artificial) and bio-artificial (hybrid techniques).Early non-biological device including hemodialysis,hemoperfusion/plasma perfusion and plasmapheresis have improved biochemical efficacy,but there are little data for clinical end points.Continuous blood purification and the combination of various non-biological methods such as the molecular adsorbent recirculatory system and Prometheus(R) are new extracorporeal blood purification therapy.The results of many experimental and clinical trials have improved the efficacy of the above mentioned methods.

Objective To study the effect of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) polymorphism on serum lipids and the relationship between apolipoprotein E polymorphism and coronary heart disease (CHD).Methods Polymerize chain reaction (PCR) and HhaI digestion were used for the detection of apolipoprotein E genotype on 71 patients with CHD and 69 control subjects.Results The frequencies of apolipoprotein E4 allele and E3/4 genotype were obviously increased in CHD group than in control group (P<0.01,P<0.05). Conclusion The apolipoprotein E polymorphism is related to the occurrence of coronary heart disease; apolipoprotein E4 allele is one of the most important hereditary factor for the occurrence of CHD.

Objective: To assess the effect of Linghuang powder ( LHP) in treating acute nonspecific lower urinary tract infection (ANLUTI) with l ower-Jiao damp-heat syndrome and evaluate its safety. Methods: A randomized cont rolled design was adopted. Four hundred and fourteen patients were allocated to LHP treatment group, control group and open treatment group. Results: The marked ly effective rate of short-term treatment with LHP was 71.78%, and the total effective rate was 92.02%, the total rates of im proving urine routine and urine bacterium were 95.21% and 79.37% respectively in LHP treatment group. Conclusion:The effect of LHP for ANLUTI with lower-jiao damp-heat syndrome is better than that in the control group (P<0.01).

Oxidative stress can achieve the purpose of tumor therapy by accelerating the death of tumor cells.As a major molecule generated from the body's oxidative stress reaction,reactive oxygen species(ROS)exerts the antitumor efforts by promoting apoptosis,necrosis and autophagy.The drugs which could increase the level of ROS in cells have received more and more people's attention,and this provide a new research direction for the clinical treatment of tumors.

Objective To probe the differences in clinicopathological features between benign and malignant polypoid lesions of the gallbladder.Methods In this study,1396 PLG cases diagnosed by postoperative pathology between 2007.1 to 2009.12 were enrolled.Cases were divided into three groups according to the pathological classification:1339 cases of benign proliferative diseases ;42 cases of adenoma,15 cases of malignant disease.Comparing the clinical characteristics of the three groups,we screened out the risk factors for malignant transitions.Results Age (F =8.090,P =0.000),size of polyp (F =102.61,P =0.000),single vs multiple lesions (x2 =214.25,P =0.000),concurrent inflammation (x2 =9.362,P =0.009),and stones (x2 =34.022,P =0.000) were significantly different between the three groups.Conclusions Size of polyps over 0.8 cm,age over 60 years,single polyp,accompanied by stones and inflammation were the risk factors for malignancy in gallbladder polypoid lesions.

Objective To compare the effect of calcium sulfate pellets made by different methods in repair of segmental radial defect of rabbits. Methods Eighty white New Zealand rabbits were sub-jected to defects of middle part of the left radial bone and divided into four groups according to repair ma-terials: control group (Group A, implanted with no artificial bone substitute), uncoated pressed calcium sulfate pellets (Group B), coated pressed calcium sulfate pellets (Group C) and coated pressed calcium sulfate pellets combined with rhBMP-2 (Group D). Histologic examination and biological test were done at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after operation. The data were processed with mono-factor variance analysis. Re-sults New bone formation was found on the defected bone in Group D and Group C, with better in Group D. The bone strength test showed that the anti-bending strength was (39.6±1.7) % in Group C and (47.5±2.1) % in Group D, which were higher than (21.3±2.7) % in Group A and (23.6±3.3) % in Group B, with higher anti-bending strength in Group D than that in Group C (F = 125.3 ,P <0.01). Conclusions For restoration of segmental bone defects, chitosan-coated pressed calcium sulfate pellet shows relatively high density and slightly slow resorption, which closely coincides with the growth rate of new bone. The coated pellet combined with rhBMP-2 can enhance its osteogeneais in restoring segmental Done defects.

Objective To analyze the diagnostic approach on hepatolenticular degeneration combined with thin basement membrane nephropathy.Methods A girl presented with microscopic hematuria, liver dysfunction and hypocomplementemia was diagnosed with hepatolenticular degeneration combined with thin basement membrane nephropathy, her clinical data were summarized and analyzed retrospectively.Results A ten years old girl presented with microscopic hematuria and liver dysfunction for a year, dysarthria for a month, and combined with hypocomplementemia but without proteinuria. Renal biopsy showed thin basement membrane nephropathy. Ceruloplasmin was 23.10 mg/L and urinary copper concentration was 120μg, respectively, ocular slit lamp examination showed Kayser-Fleischer ring, cranial MRI showed preternatural signal in both basal and putamen nucleus, mutation analysis showed homozygous mutations in ATP7B and heterozygous mutation in COL4A3 gene,respectively.Conclussion Hepatolenticular degeneration should be suspected in those cases with persistence microscopic hematuria, liver dysfunction and hypocomplementemia.

BACKGROUND:Some Chinese herbal ingredients produce the analogical and pharmacological effects equivalent to growth factors, which can promote cel proliferation as wel as tissue and organ recovery and regeneration. Additional y, they possess low price and relative stable physicochemical property. Thus, the applications of traditional Chinese medicine in tissue engineering has attracted more attentions of researchers al over the world. OBJECTIVE:To review the application of the traditional Chinese medicine in stem cel proliferation and tissue engineering. METHODS:A computer-based retrieval of PubMed and CNKI databases was performed for articles concerning the application of traditional Chinese medicine in stem cel proliferation and tissue engineering published from 1978 to 2015. The keywords were“the traditional Chinese medicine, tissue engineering, application, stem cel , anti-inflammatory, cross linking, surface modification, osteoblast, blood vessel”in English and Chinese, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Natural medicine and the traditional Chinese medicine are expected to be applied in tissue engineering as a surrogate of growth factor and antibiotics, which exert anti-inflammatory, angiogenesis, surface modification, anticoagulation and cross-linking roles as wel as promote proliferation and differentiation of stem cel s in tissue engineering.