No abstract available.
Cranial Nerve Diseases* ; Lymphoma*

No abstract available.
Cranial Nerve Diseases ; Uveitis*

No abstract available.
Cranial Nerve Diseases* ; Herpes Zoster*

Oblique basal skull fractures resulting from lateral crushing injuries involving both clivus and occipital condyle are rare due to their deep locations. Furthermore, these fractures may present clinically with multiple cranial nerve injuries because neural exit routes are restricted in this intricate region. The authors present an interesting case of basal skull fractures involving the clivus and occipital condyle and presenting with sixth and contralateral twelfth cranial nerve deficits. Clinico-anatomic correlations and the courses of cranial nerve deficits are reiterated. To the authors' knowledge, no other report has been previously issued on concomitant sixth and contralateral twelfth cranial nerve palsies following closed head injury.
Cranial Fossa, Posterior ; Cranial Nerve Diseases ; Cranial Nerve Injuries ; Cranial Nerves ; Head Injuries, Closed ; Hypoglossal Nerve ; Paralysis ; Skull ; Skull Fractures

Arachnoid cyst of the velum interpositum is unusual and causes symptoms similar to those seen with a third ventricular mass. This report describes a case in which the arachnoid cyst occupied the cistern of the velum interpositum and was coincident with multiple cranial neuropathies. The patient was treated by endoscopic fenestration of the cyst. The surgery resulted in decreased in the size of the cyst but aggravation of cranial neuropathies. The patient underwent methylprednisolone pulse therapy and intravenous immunoglobulin administration under the impression of the multiple cranial neuropathies and recovered completely 3 months later. The authors conclude that combined neurological disease that needs medical treatment should be differentiated and priority of the treatment should be determined carefully if arachnoid cyst is associated with unrelated or ambiguous neurological symptoms and signs. Careful considerations of cause and effect may avoid an unnecessary surgical manipulation
Arachnoid* ; Cranial Nerve Diseases* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Methylprednisolone

Fracture involving the sella turcica is a rare complication of head injury but draws attention of neurosurgeon because it can result in serious neurological, vascular and endocrine complications. Anatomically the sella being located central within the extensive basal dural attachments to the cranial vault, shearing force is transmitted directly to this structure and results in isolated complications. We recently experienced a case of fractured dorsum sellae complicated with cranial nerve palsy and report here with some references.
Cranial Nerve Diseases ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Sella Turcica

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a widespread human herpesvirus which causes chickenpox (varicella). VZV infection can produce a broad spectrum of neurologic disorders including multiple cranial nerve palsies. Among the cranial nerves, trigeminal and facial nerves are the most commonly involved. However, multiple lower cranial nerve palsies caused by VZV infection is very rare. It is a diagnostic dilemma for VZV infection if there are no skin or mucosa lesions, which are characteristic signs of VZV infection. We report the case of a 54-year-old man with sudden right hearing loss, sore throat, odynophagia, hoarseness, dysphagia and vertigo. Pure tone audiometry revealed right sensorineural hearing loss and laryngoscopy proved that there were paralyses of the right upper pharyngeal constrictor muscle and vocal cord. These findings were consistent with acute unilateral vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve palsies. There were no skin or mucosa lesions noted in our patient. The diagnosis was assisted by the existence of anti-VZV serum IgM even if the polymerase chain reaction result was negative. The symptoms of the patient improved after receiving anti-viral therapy. We emphasize the role of VZV infection in multiple cranial nerve palsies and the importance of serologic test.
Herpesvirus 3, Human ; Cranial Nerve Diseases

It is well known that M. leprae involves peripheral nerves, but it is a few known that M. leprae involves craninal nerves. I experienced one case of relapsed leprosy accompanied by multiple cranial nerve palsies. Revealed symptoms are to involve trigeminal nerve (V). facial nerve (VII), vestibular nerve (VIII), glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), vagus nerve (X). It is not effect to treat with corticosteroid, but is good effect to treat with MDT(multiple drug therapy)
Cranial Nerve Diseases* ; Cranial Nerves* ; Dystroglycans ; Facial Nerve ; Glossopharyngeal Nerve ; Leprosy* ; Peripheral Nerves ; Trigeminal Nerve ; Vagus Nerve ; Vestibular Nerve

40 patients who were diagnosed as the palsy of the third, fourth and sixth cranial nerve at Seoul national university hospital, were evaluated to reveal the etiology and clinical feature. The palsy of sixth cranial nerve is most common, and those of third and fourth cranial nerve followed it. Trauma was the most common cause of the palsy of the third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerve. Most of the palsy of the third cranial nerve involved both upper and lower branch, and aberrant regeneration was observed at 8 cases and its major cause was also trauma. The palsy of sixth cranial nerve was more frequently accompanied other cranial nerve palsy than those of the other two. Average recovery rate was 44.8% and, that of the sixth cranial nerve was higher than those of the other two.
Abducens Nerve Diseases* ; Abducens Nerve* ; Cranial Nerve Diseases ; Humans ; Oculomotor Nerve ; Paralysis ; Regeneration ; Seoul ; Trochlear Nerve

PURPOSE: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the cause of acquired third, fourth, and sixth nerve palsy while also establishing recovery rates and important factors for recovery. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed for 92 patients who visited the ophthalmologic department of Konyang University Hospital with acquired third, fourth, and sixth nerve palsy from March 2015 to February 2016. Recovery rates and factors for recovery were evaluated in only 66 patients who received first ocular exam within 2 weeks of onset and who were followed up for at least 6 months. Complete recovery was defined as both complete recovery of the angle of deviation and the restoration of eye movement in all directions. For the degree of ocular motor restriction, −4 was defined as not crossing the midline and −2 was defined as 50% eye movement. The degree of ocular motor restriction was analyzed from −1/2 to 4. RESULTS: The fourth nerve was affected most frequently (n = 37, 40.2%), followed by the sixth cranial nerve (n = 33, 35.9%), the third cranial nerve (n = 18, 19.6%), and a combination of 2 or more cranial nerves (n = 4, 4.3%). Vasculopathy (n = 44, 47.8%) was the most common etiology, followed by trauma (n = 14, 15.2%), idiopathic (n = 13, 14.1%), inflammation(n = 10, 10.9%), neoplasm (n = 9, 9.8%), and aneurysm (n = 2, 2.2%). Complete recovery rate occurred for 66.7% (n = 44) of patients, and the overall recovery rate (i.e., at least partial recovery) was 86.3% (n = 57). Significant factors for complete recovery were the initial deviation angle and the limitation of extraocular movement (p < 0.001, p = 0.005, respectively, according to univariate analysis). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, paralytic strabismus due to vasculopathy was the most common etiology, and a lower degree of initial deviation resulted in an improved complete recovery rate. In addition, a high overall recovery rate was possible through quick diagnosis and early treatment of cranial nerve palsy.
Abducens Nerve ; Abducens Nerve Diseases ; Aneurysm ; Cranial Nerve Diseases ; Cranial Nerves ; Diagnosis ; Eye Movements ; Humans ; Oculomotor Nerve ; Retrospective Studies ; Strabismus*