It has been considered that viral infections predispose patients to bacterial infections due to immunosuppression.3 However, it is still unclear what exact roles co-infections play in patients with COVID-19 infection1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention defines co -infection as an infection concurrent with the initial infection. This report discusses a case of meningoencephalitis presenting with seizures. Notable in this case was the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and Salmonella in the CSF.
Coronavirus

Objectives. The ongoing Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted healthcare systems worldwide. This study aimed to document the effect of COVID-19 on osteosarcoma treatment pathways in the Philippine General Hospital (PGH) and determine if there were any delays. Method. A retrospective review of osteosarcoma patients treated at the PGH from January 1, 2019 – January 1, 2020 (pre-COVID-19) was compared to those treated during the COVID-19 pandemic from March 1, 2020 – September 1, 2020. Rates of diagnosed osteosarcoma, admission for chemotherapy, admission for surgery, treatment abandonment, metastatic disease on presentation, 1-year mortality, and amputation were calculated and compared between the two groups. Results. From March to September 2020, 11 newly diagnosed osteosarcoma patients sought consult at the PGH. Only one patient sought consult during the initial 3-4 months of the study, suggesting that patients delayed seeking healthcare during the period of enhanced community quarantine. Patients seen during the pandemic had a higher rate of metastatic disease on presentation, reflecting the delay in diagnosis. Due to COVID-19 restrictions early in the pandemic, osteosarcoma patients were coordinated and referred to outside hospitals for intravenous chemotherapy and surgery. Normalization of services (hospital admissions, limb salvage surgeries) were seen at the later stages of the study, corresponding to the loosening of the quarantine. Conclusions. Osteosarcoma patients experienced delays in seeking consult, diagnosis, and treatment at the PGH due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Early indicators suggest worse outcomes for these patients due to the delays. Strategies employed during the pandemic, such as networking of care and telemedicine, may help in future outbreaks.
Coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections ; Pandemics ; Osteosarcoma

No abstract available.
Coronavirus* ; Korea ; Middle East*

Coronavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; Humans

No abstract available.
Coronavirus ; Humans ; Korea ; Pneumonia

No abstract available.
Coronavirus ; Pneumonia ; Prognosis

No abstract available.
Coronavirus ; Korea ; Quarantine

Background: Numerous studies have demonstrated various information about COVID-19 infection. With this, the authors intend to abridge, present, and synthesize current available information, focusing on the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 infection, to help guide dermatologists in understanding the dermatologic aspect of this disease. Objective: This study aims to review the different cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 by morphology and to evaluate the lesions seen in the different age groups. Furthermore, this study aims to discuss cutaneous findings together with histologic evidence and hypothesized pathophysiology, and to review the management used in treating COVID-19-related cutaneous manifestations. Methods: OVID® and PubMed databases were used to search in detail for COVID-19-induced skin lesions across all ages and their management. Discussion: COVID-19 affects the skin, hair and nails of patients. These may be attributed to the different virologic phases as well as the immune response of the body. Histopathologic findings of these lesions vary depending on the clinical presentation. Use of corticosteroid therapy and antihistamines as treatment for some cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 showed good response. Conclusion COVID-19 infection-associated cutaneous manifestations present with different morphologies. It is important for dermatologists to gain better understanding of this disease in order to promptly identify and suspect the possibility of this illness, as well as provide appropriate actions.
COVID-19 ; Coronavirus ; Skin

Introduction: The coexistence of two global pandemics, COVID-19 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, has been implicated with worse prognosis. The association of diabetes and worse outcome in viral infections stems from the detrimental effect of hyperglycemia to the control of viremia and different components of the host response. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of confirmed COVID-19 patients and establish the association of baseline glycemic status and COVID-19 outcomes among persons with type 2 diabetes. Methodology: A single center, retrospective study among adult persons with type 2 diabetes diagnosed with COVID-19 in Makati Medical Center from March 1 to August 31, 2020. A total of 156 medical records (26%) out of 584 confirmed cases were reviewed. Data were collected on diabetes status, comorbid conditions and laboratory findings. Both Cox proportional hazards models and logistic regression models were fitted. To assess the factors associated with mortality as a dichotomous endpoint (died/survived), binary logistic regression was performed. On the other hand, a time-to-mortality analysis was performed using Cox regression. For the effect estimate, we refer to hazard ratios in the Cox proportional hazards model and odds ratios in the logistic regression models. All analyses were adjusted for age and sex and two models were additionally adjusted for any presence of comorbidity. Results: A total of 156 COVID-19 patients with diabetes were analyzed. Upon admission, 13% were in diabetic ketosis, 4% were in a state of DKA, and 2% had hypoglycemia. About 5%, 33%, 26%, and 36% of patients had mild, moderate, severe, and critical COVID-19, respectively. Between non-survivors and survivors, the latter group were significantly younger in age (p<.003) and had less ICU admissions (p<.001). Although DKA status upon admission seemed to result in increased odds of non-survival (cOR 5.8 [95% CI 1.1-30.7]), no other feature in the glycemic history was significantly associated with mortality outcome after having adjusted for age and sex. Death in this study was limited to patients with severe or critical disease. Conclusion The risk of mortality is five times greater among patients admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis. The incidence of complications were also significantly greater and mortality was limited to patients with severe or critical disease.
Diabetes Mellitus ; Coronavirus

Background: Local government units conduct community – based responses to control spread of COVID-19 infection. Initiatives include city-wide disinfecting operations on streets and establishments, and mist spraying outside houses, vehicles, and even directly on persons. Objective: To provide a list of recommendations on the different disinfection strategies applicable for use in the community Methodology: Articles and guidelines about community disinfection were searched in various research databases. All evidencebased recommendations were reviewed, appraised, evaluated and summarized Recommendations: General disinfection in households and community recommends use of diluted bleach solution of 75ml Sodium hypochlorite in 3.8L or 1 gallon of water (1000ppm). It is recommended to clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces such as tables, doorknobs, light switches, handles, desks, toilets, faucets, sinks and electronics. In disinfecting local quarantine facilities, all surfaces must be regularly cleaned using damp cleaning cloth and mops. Ethyl alcohol (70%) is used for small surfaces and well-ventilated spaces while diluted household bleach is used for surface disinfection. Spraying or fogging with ethyl alcohol or bleach disinfectant may be hazardous and has no proven benefit on disease prevention and control Conclusion The use of properly diluted household disinfectant solution for direct surface cleaning is an effective infection control measure in the community setting. Available evidence, however, recommends against the use of spraying, misting or fogging
Coronavirus ; Infection Control